Introduction. Cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) are among the leading causes of premature mortality and workplace death, which highlights the importance of studying their incidence in the working population in the post-pandemic period.

The study aims to conduct a comparative analysis of the gender and age characteristics of morbidity with temporary disability due to cerebrovascular diseases of the working population of the Russian Federation in the pre-pandemic (2015–2019) and early post-pandemic (2023) periods.

Materials and methods. According to the data of form No. 16-VN for 2015-2019 and 2023, the authors calculated the incidence rates of temporary disability due to cerebrovascular diseases (ICD-10 codes I60-I69): the frequency of cases of the disease and the average number of days of temporary disability per 100 employed in the economy and the average duration of one case of temporary disability in days by gender and age. The statistical significance of the differences in the indicators of 2023 was determined by constructing a 95% CI for the average value of temporary disability in the pre-pandemic period. For a comparative analysis of the frequency of cases of temporary disability in the pre- and post-pandemic periods, we applied a paired nonparametric criterion of Wilcoxon landmark ranks by age profile.

Results. In the post-pandemic period, we have identified divergent dynamics. In women, the overall incidence of cases of temporary disability due to cerebrovascular diseases decreased by 10.3%, but the average duration of one case increased by 5.2%. Men have an increase in both the incidence of cases by 13.7% and the total number of days of disability per 100 employees by 18.1%. The sharpest increase in morbidity (+54.7%) was recorded among boys aged 15–19 years.

Limitations. The study is limited to data for the years 2015–2019 and 2023.

Conclusions. The results obtained substantiate the need to develop preventive and rehabilitation programs with increased attention to cardiovascular risks in male workers of young age groups. Monitoring and in-depth study of the long-term effects of the pandemic on the cerebrovascular health of the working population will improve the effectiveness of measures to reduce premature and workplace mortality.

Ethics. The conclusion of the local Ethics Committee is not required for conducting the study.

Contributions:
Bakhtereva E.V. — study conception and design, draft manuscript preparation and editing;
Shastin A.S. — study conception and design, data collection and processing, draft manuscript preparation and editing;
Gazimova V.G. — draft manuscript preparation and editing;
Panov V.G. — data analysis, editing.

Funding. The study had no funding.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received: 28.05.2026 / Accepted: 02.06.2026 / Published: 11.08.2026

Introduction. The study of pathophysiological changes in the central nervous system in the dynamics of the progression of vibration disease (VD) caused by exposure to local vibration, combined with occupational sensorineural hearing loss (OSHL), includes research into the causes of these disorders, the mechanisms of their development, and emphasizes the importance of an integrated approach to diagnosing changes in the functional activity of the brain.

The study aims to evaluate and compare changes in neurophysiological and neuropsychological parameters in patients with vibration disease caused by exposure to local vibration, combined with and without occupational sensorineural hearing loss.

Materials and methods. The authors performed neuropsychological testing, neuroenergetic mapping, and registration of somatosensory evoked potentials in patients with grades I and II vibration disease (n=55 and 64, respectively), of whom 46 were diagnosed with VD in combination with occupational sensorineural hearing loss (OSHL) and 73 without it.

Results. The number of OSHL cases in patients with grade I and II of vibration disease had no statistically significant differences (40.0% and 37.5%, respectively). At the same time, no statistically significant differences were found in patients with VD with and without occupational sensorineural hearing loss when comparing indicators characterizing the functional activity of the brain.

Limitations. The limitations of the study are due to the small number of subgroups in the division of patients with VD, depending on the degree of severity of occupational sensorineural hearing loss, and the lack of correlation between indicators characterizing the functional activity of the brain when compared.

Conclusion. As a result of stressful exposure to noise and localized vibration, assemblers and riveters at an aircraft manufacturing plant with a confirmed diagnosis of vibration sickness are diagnosed with OSHL in 38% of cases.Changes in neurophysiological and neuropsychological parameters in patients with vibration disease caused by exposure to local vibration are unidirectional and do not depend on the presence of a concomitant occupational disease in the form of sensorineural hearing loss.

Ethics. The study was approved by the local Ethics Committee of the East Siberian Institute of Medical and Environmental Research (LEK conclusions No. 3 dated 02/16/2021 and No. 5 dated 03/21/2023) and was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the Helsinki Declaration of the World Association "Ethical Principles of Scientific Medical Research involving Humans" (as amended in 2024), not it infringed on the rights and did not endanger the well-being of the subjects, the study was conducted with their consent.

Contributions:
Shevchenko O.I. — research concept and design, collection and processing of data from a common database, collection of data on NEM, neuropsychological examination, writing and formatting of text, editing;
Lakhman O.L. — research design, article editing;
Slivnitsyna N.V. — performed the collection and analysis of clinical data;
Rusanova D.V. — collection of data on SSEP.

Funding. The funding was provided as part of the State Assignment for Basic Scientific Research.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received: 09.06.2026 / Accepted: 06.07.2026 / Published: 11.08.2026

Introduction. In the Russian Federation, there is a decrease in the reproductive potential of women, including those involved in the industrial sector. The solution to this problem is possible through the development and implementation of preventive strategies to preserve women's reproductive potential.

The study aims to assess the impact of industrial factors on the reproductive system of women who work in contact with chemicals, taking into account their professional background and reproductive status.

Materials and methods. The authors analyzed data from periodic medical examinations of 1,738 female workers in electrical and thermal networks (chemical analysis laboratory assistants, n=384; boiler room typists, n=569; chemical water treatment apparatchiks, n=785). They also conducted a comparative analysis of the prevalence of diseases of the reproductive system, a ROC analysis of the age of menopause, and a multifactorial logistic regression analysis.

Results. The researchers registered a statistically significant earlier onset of menopause in female laboratory assistants of chemical analysis (the threshold age is 46 years) compared to boiler room machinists (52 years old) and chemical water treatment technicians (50 years old). In the subgroup of women 50 years and older, laboratory assistants were more likely to have uterine leiomyoma (41.8% vs. 22.5%, p<0.001) and benign breast dysplasia (22.7% vs. 11.1%, p=0.006) compared with boiler room typists. The binary logistic regression method revealed that the risk of developing benign breast dysplasia in laboratory assistants increases by 7.9% with age, and exposure to hydrazine and its derivatives and inorganic chlorine compounds increases it by 3.7 and 2.03 times, respectively (p<0.001).

Limitations. Lack of direct laboratory measurements of hormonal status and chemical exposure measurements.

Conclusions. Exposure to chemical production factors (hydrazine and its derivatives, inorganic chlorine compounds) is associated with an increased incidence of proliferative diseases of the reproductive system in chemical analysis technicians. To clarify the mechanisms of the identified disorders and improve the effectiveness of preventive measures, further research is needed to find and validate specific biomarkers of earlier reproductive aging in workers who come into contact with chemicals.

Ethics. The study was conducted in accordance with the Ethical principles set out in the Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Association of the latest revision. The study was approved by the conclusion of the local Ethics Committee of the Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health (minutes of the meeting No. 1 dated January 23, 2025).

Contributions:
Kislyakova A.A. — research design, conducting research, statistical data processing, writing and editing the text;
Anokhin N.N. — research design, conducting research, writing and editing the text;
Kuzmina L.P. — text editing;
Zenkov A.A. — data collection and processing, writing the text.

Funding. The study had no funding.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received: 04.06.2026 / Accepted: 11.06.2026 / Published: 11.08.2026

Introduction. Prolonged intense vibration exposure is a chronic stress factor for animals and humans, which causes disorders at both the neurohumoral and molecular cellular levels. During experimental studies on animals, the authors found that prolonged vibration has a negative effect on the neurons of the cerebral cortex and, as a result, on the state of bioelectric activity of the brain and behavioral reactions of rats. However, little is known about the relationship of pain sensitivity indices with morphological changes in the structure of rat nervous tissue in the dynamics of intermittent vibration exposure.

The study aims to investigate the effect of intermittent vibration exposure on the morphofunctional state of the nervous system in Wistar rats.

Materials and methods. The experiments were performed on male Wistar rats (n=59) weighing 160–240 g. The researchers divided the rats into 2 groups: control and experimental. An experimental group of rats was exposed to vibration at a fundamental frequency of 16 Hz, with a vibration acceleration of 120 dB. The authors performed vibration exposure in an intermittent mode, consisting of alternating eight 20-minute vibration periods and eight 10-minute breaks of 4 hours a day 5 times a week for a total duration of the experiment of 9 weeks. Scientists assessed the change in pain response thresholds in rats in the dynamics of vibration effects using classical pain models — "Hot plate" and "Tail Flick". Structural changes developing as a result of prolonged vibration exposure were determined based on the results of morphological examination of rat brain tissue.

Results. Intermittent vibration exposure to rats for 9 weeks led to a change in the threshold of pain response — to an extension of the latent response period: in the Hot plate test from weeks 3 to 6 by 41% and 46%, respectively, compared with the control group; in the Tail flick test — by 3 by 32% at week 6, by 28% at week 6, and by 65% at week 9 compared to the control group. Experts have identified the dynamics of morphological disorders in the brain tissue of rats exposed to intermittent vibration. On the 3^rd week of exposure to vibration, disturbances in the structure of brain tissue begin to manifest themselves only in the form of an uneven distribution of nerve cells and the appearance of hyperchromic neurons. At the 6^th and 9^th weeks of vibration application, the authors observed more pronounced hyperchromia of the nuclei of neurons, partial cell decay in some areas of the brain with zonal loss of the latter and the phenomena of neuronophagy, which indicates degenerative changes in the central nervous system.

Limitations. The experiments were conducted on laboratory rats of the same line and the same sex, using intermittent vibration exposure at a single frequency of 16 Hz, with a vibration acceleration of 120 Db.

Conclusion. Intermittent vibration exposure during 3, 6, and 9 weeks led to an increase in pain response thresholds in rats in both the Hot plate and Tail flick tests, which is associated with a general decrease in CNS activity. A comparison of the results of histological studies obtained at weeks 3, 6, and 9 of intermittent vibration exposure showed progressive morphological and structural changes in the rat brain.

Ethics. The study was approved by the local Ethics Committee of the Research Institute for Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases (Minutes of meeting No. 4 § 2 dated 11/18/2021). The animals were kept, fed and removed from the experiment in accordance with the requirements of the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrates Used for Experimental or Other Scientific Purposes (ETS No. 123, European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals used for Experimental and other Scientific Purposes, Strasbourg, 18.03.1986).

Contributions:
Zhukova A.G. — research concept and design, material collection and data processing, text writing;
Gorokhova L.G. — conducting an experiment, collecting material and processing data, editing text;
Gostyaeva E.P. — conducting an experiment, collecting material and processing data;
Koltunova A.A. — conducting an experiment, collecting material and processing data;
Kazitskaya A.S. — conducting an experiment, collecting material and processing data;
Bugaeva M.S. — material collection and data processing;
Bondarev O.I. — data processing, text editing.

Acknowledgement. We would like to express our gratitude to the students of the Faculty of Physical Culture, Natural Sciences and Environmental Management of the Kuzbass Humanitarian and Pedagogical Institute of Kemerovo State University, who study in Biology and Chemistry, for their help in setting up the experiment: Zhukova A.A., Kozlova V.N., Logvinsky V.A., Plotnikova A.O.

Funding. The study had no funding.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received: 02.06.2026 / Accepted: 09.06.2026 / Published: 11.08.2026

Introduction. Current data indicate that lead oxide nanoparticles have a more pronounced toxicity compared to microparticles, organic and inorganic lead salts. Lead intoxication is a significant risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases. The features of the cardiotoxic effect of lead oxide nanoparticles require further study.

The study aims to evaluate changes in clinical, functional, and metabolic parameters characterizing the state of the cardiovascular system during inhalation exposure to lead oxide nanoparticles for 4 months.

Materials and methods. The authors conducted an experiment on female rats divided into two equal groups: the main group (n=10) and the control group (n=10). The experimental group was exposed to lead oxide nanoparticles by inhalation at a concentration of 0.2 mg/m³ for 4 months. An electrocardiogram and blood pressure were recorded. Histological examination and metabolomic analysis of heart tissue were performed. The concentration of coproporphyrin and delta-aminolevulinic acid in urine was determined.

Results. The scientists found an increase in pulse pressure (p=0.020), a reduction in the QT interval in the first lead (p=0.027) and the QRS complex in the second (p=0.020). There was an increase in the size of cardiomyocytes (p<0.001). Metabolic analysis of heart tissue revealed an increase in the levels of proline (p=0.019), adenine (p=0.010), methionine sulfoxide (p=0.038), succinyl adenosine (p=0.019), linoleic acid (p=0.010), lysophosphatidylethanolamines 18:0 and 18:1 (p=0.010 and p=0.038, respectively) and lysophosphatidylcholines 18:1 and 18:2 (p=0.038 and p=0.038).

Limitations. This work does not take into account possible intersex and interspecific differences.

Conclusion. The results of the study showed that exposure to lead oxide nanoparticles causes changes in blood pressure, has a proarrhythmogenic effect, contributes to an increase in the size of cardiomyocytes and the development of oxidative stress.

Ethics. The study was approved at a meeting of the Local Ethics Committee of the Yekaterinburg Medical Scientific Center for the Prevention and Health Protection of Industrial Workers of Rospotrebnadzor (Protocol No. 4 dated 07/12/2022).

Contributions:
Minigalieva I.A. — concept and design of research, writing, editing;
Sutunkova M.P. — concept and design of research, editing;
Kopenkin M.A. — data collection and processing, text writing, editing;
Unesikhina M.C. — data collection and processing, text writing, editing;
Petrunina E.M. — data collection and processing;
Bazarnyi V.V. — concept and design of research, editing;
All co-authors — approving the final version of the article and ensuring the integrity of all parts of the article.

Funding. The study had no funding.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received: 07.05.2026 / Accepted: 14.05.2026 / Published: 11.08.2026

Introduction. The occupational safety system of firefighters involved in extinguishing forest fires focuses on injuries, burns, and acute intoxication, while the effect of smoke from forest fires on offspring and their development remains poorly understood. The development of methods for identifying biomarkers capable of predicting an unfavorable outcome for offspring is an important task of preventive medicine and occupational pathology.

The study aims to evaluate the effect of peat fire smoke on the postnatal development of the offspring of exposed males.

Materials and methods. The authors carried out the inhalation effect of peat smoke on male rats in inhalation chambers for 4 hours for five days. The CO content was 21(13;28) mg/m³, PM_2.5 — 0.09(0.04;0.19) mg/m³. After mating with intact females, offspring were obtained in which survival, physical development, and sensorimotor parameters in the early postnatal period were studied.

Results. The inhalation effect of peat smoke on male rats had no negative effect on their ability to reproduce. The mortality rate of offspring by the 21^st day of life in the experimental group exceeded the level in the control group. In rat pups whose fathers were exposed to peat smoke, there was a delay in the timing of eruption of the lower incisors, eye opening, later maturation of sensory-motor reflexes and a decrease in locomotor activity. In general, the work substantiates the patterns of formation of long-term consequences of exposure to smoke from landscape fires, manifested by a decrease in survival, impaired development of sensory motor skills and the neurobiology of offspring behavior.

Limitations. The study was performed on a rodent model (Wistar rats), which may limit the extrapolation of the results to other species and to humans. The study is limited to the study of physical development and sensorimotor reflexes in rats in the early postnatal period, born to mature adult males exposed to peat smoke, and does not take into account possible long-term effects. In this work, the coefficients of physical and harmonious development of offspring were not used and will be included in subsequent studies focused on a more detailed quantitative assessment of reproductive toxicity. It should also be considered that direct correlations with the human population require validation in clinical and epidemiological studies.

Conclusions. Based on the revealed patterns, the researchers developed criteria for detecting the reproductive toxicity of smoke from landscape fires: increased mortality; impaired physical development (weight gain, late eruption of incisors); delayed maturation of sensorimotor reflexes; decreased muscle strength; decreased motor activity and increased stress levels. Broadcasting the results of the experimental study will make it possible to assess the risk of developmental disorders in young children among fire extinguishers. The consequences of postnatal disorders can be permanently fixed in ontogenesis and persist until puberty, burdening the process of learning and social integration and contributing to the development of increased anxiety and depression.

Ethics. The study was conducted in accordance with the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals Used for Experiments or Other Scientific Purposes (ETS No. 123), Directive 2010/63/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of the European Union of 22.09.2010 on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes. The study was approved by the local Ethics Committee of the East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research (Protocol No. 7 dated December 15, 2023).

Contributions:
Sosedova L.M. — research concept and design, literature review on the topic of the article, data analysis and interpretation, text writing, editing;
Vokina V.E. — research concept and design, experiment, statistical data processing, data analysis and interpretation, literature review on the topic of the article;
Pankova A.A. — conducting an experiment, collecting and primary processing of material, statistical data processing.

Funding. The work was carried out according to the research plan within the Framework of the state assignment.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received: 08.07.2026 / Accepted: 23.07.2026 / Published: 11.08.2026

Introduction. Anthropogenic activities and industrial production are the main source of pollutants of various classes. Among heavy metals, cadmium remains one of the most dangerous ecotoxicants capable of affecting metabolic processes and cell homeostasis.

The study aims to investigate the effect of subchronic cadmium intoxication on the metabolic processes of the body in terms of the content of low and medium molecular weight substances in the kidneys and blood plasma, as well as the adaptive capabilities of the body during the post-intoxication period.

Materials and methods. The experiment was performed on 60 male Wistar rats (220-250 g), divided into 6 groups. Subchronic intoxication was modeled by administration of cadmium acetate with drinking water at a dose of 1/50 LD₅₀ for 28 days. The rats were removed from the experiment under ether anesthesia by decapitation, the authors used plasma and renal homogenate for the study, and also determined the concentration of substances of low and medium molecular weight. The researchers performed statistical processing using the Kraskel-Wallis criterion, then they calculated the Mann-Whitney criterion (STATISTICA 13.0, p<0.05).

Results. During the 28 days of the experiment, the concentration of endotoxicosis markers increased in all the studied media. After the cessation of cadmium intake in all media, the authors observed a tendency to increase the concentration of substances of low and medium molecular weight, most pronounced in the kidneys.

Limitations. The study was conducted using laboratory animals of the same sex and age, which does not allow us to assess the toxicity of cadmium, taking into account these differences. To determine metabolic processes and their disorders, the authors used the endotoxicosis assessment method, which refers to conditionally specific methods of laboratory diagnosis of intoxication.

Conclusions. The results obtained indicate violations of metabolic processes, homeostatic mechanisms and the development of endotoxicosis under environmental stress, as well as insufficient restorative adaptive resources of the body, which raises the question of the need to develop corrective and preventive measures to neutralize the main damaging mechanisms of action of cadmium.

Ethics. Research involving laboratory animals was conducted in compliance with the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrates Used for Experiments or Other Scientific Purposes (ETS N 123), Directive 2010/63/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of the European Union of 22.09.2010 on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Kursk State Medical University at the meeting of the Preclinical Research Section of the REC (Protocol No. 3 dated October 17, 2022).

Contributions:
Korolev V.A. — research concept and design, data analysis and interpretation;
Babkina L.A. — research concept and design, statistical processing, data analysis and interpretation;
Chertova R.Y. — literary search, data analysis and interpretation, writing and editing the text;
Sudakova Z.A. — participation in the research, processing of the material;
All co-authors — approving the final version of the article and ensuring the integrity of all parts of the article.

Funding. The study had no funding.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received: 10.06.2026 / Accepted: 23.06.2026 / Published: 11.08.2026

The article provides an overview of the main results of the activities of the Scientific Research Institute for Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases on the preservation of public health and longevity, the study of the influence of environmental factors, the analysis of medical and social problems; the prospects for further development of the institute are presented.

Contributions:
Filimonov S.N. — editing the article;
Mikhailova N.N. — concept and design of research, collection and analysis of material, writing text;
Korsakova T.G. — collection and analysis of literary data.

Funding. The study had no funding.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received: 06.04.2026 / Accepted: 18.06.2026 /Published: 11.08.2026