Introduction. Workplaces of adolescents in school may create risk factors for disorders of the musculoskeletal system, which affect the work ability and quality of future life.

The aim of this study was to assess the rationality of the working posture of adolescents at school using the analysis of goniometric indicators.

Materials and methods. A total of 414 jobs were studied: 244 primary school children and 170 senior school children. Plots of working postures of teenagers were constructed, and goniometric indicators were compared with the recommended ranges.

Results. Almost all goniometric indicators were found to have deviations from the recommended ranges, none of the adolescents had all 8 or at least 7 goniometric indicators included in the range of recommended values, which leads to the formation of an irrational working posture.

Introduction. All over the world, the great socio-economic importance of occupational skin diseases is recognized, among which occupational allergic dermatoses account for a significant share. An important factor affecting the effectiveness of preventive measures is the identification of groups and risk factors for the development of the disease. In this regard, the importance of measures aimed at reducing the incidence of pro-allergic dermatoses is obvious.

The aim of study is to characterize the severity of the clinical course in patients with occupational eczema, depending on the influence of concomitant pathologies (atopy, mycoses).

Materials and methods. The data of the results of examinations of 70 patients who were hospitalized in the clinic department of dermatology of Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health for the last 3 years are provided.

Results. In patients with a history of atopy and concomitant mycotic infection, the clinical picture is widespread with pronounced inflammatory manifestations, there is a more frequent exacerbation and torpidity to the therapy. The time of manifestation from the beginning of work with industrial allergens is reduced.

Conclusions. Identification of patients with atopy (pollinosis, bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis), patients with mycotic infections as risk groups for the development of occupational allergodermatoses and their inclusion in preventive programs can improve the effectiveness of medical examinations and prevent them from developing severe forms of occupational skin pathology, reduce the disability of patients.

Relevance. The main source of radionuclide contamination in Kazakhstan is the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site (SNTS), where more than 460 nuclear explosions were made. There are still people living in some areas of the SNTS. The source of radionuclides entering the human body is animal food.

The aim of the study was to study the content of ¹³⁷Cs and ⁹⁰Sr radionuclides in cattle meat and their impact on public health in areas close to the SNTS.

Materials and methods. The data on the content of radionuclides were obtained at the Semipalatinsk Regional Veterinary Laboratory of the East Kazakhstan Region. The object of the study was meat of cattle (cattle) (67 samples) obtained in Abai, Borodulikhinsky, Zharminsky, Beskaragaysky districts and the city of Semipalatinsk, East Kazakhstan region, adjacent to the SNTS. The retrospective of the analyzed indicators was 10 years (1991-2000). The sources of information on the incidence of the entire population in the regions of East Kazakhstan region were data obtained from the Republican Center for Electronic Health for the period 2000-2015. Mathematical and statistical processing of the results was carried out using the applied statistical program Statistica-10.

Results. The average content of ¹³⁷Cs in cattle meat was 0.15 Bq/kg, and ⁹⁰Sr - 0.11 Bq/kg. The dynamics revealed a 1.9-fold decrease in the level of ¹³⁷Cs and a 2-fold decrease in the level of ⁹⁰Sr. The consumption of cattle meat by residents was 14.7%. The average morbidity level of diseases of the musculoskeletal system was 3305 ppm. The morbidity of endocrine system diseases increased 1.4 times in dynamics. The morbidity level of diseases of the digestive system was 3358.9 ppm and decreased by 24.6% in dynamics. A correlation was found between the consumption of cattle meat and the morbidity level of diseases of the musculoskeletal system r=0.78.

Conclusions. The study showed a positive trend of reducing the level of radionuclides in cattle meat among the studied regions. There was an increase in the average morbidity level of diseases of the musculoskeletal system by 1.2 times, and the endocrine system by 1.4 times. There is a trend to reduce the morbidity of diseases of the digestive system in the population of the studied regions. The revealed relationship between the consumption of cattle meat and the incidence of the musculoskeletal system diseases requires further study and monitoring.

Introduction. Studies indicate the high pathogenetic significance of the immune component in the development of atherosclerosis.

The aim of the study is a comparative assessment of immunological parameters in workers of petrochemical production with varying degrees of imbalance in lipid metabolism and the development of the atherosclerotic process.

Materials and methods. Men working at an oil production enterprise in the Perm Region were examined. The observation group consisted of oil production operators with a diagnosis of atherosclerosis, the comparison group - with dyslipidemia syndrome. To determine the parameters of lipid metabolism, the results of a biochemical blood test were used. CD-immunogram parameters were identified by flow cytometry. Specific antibodies to benzene were determined by the allergosorbent method.

Results. The results of a comparative study of fat metabolism confirmed violations of the physiological ratio of lipids in the blood of oil production workers, which were expressed in a significant imbalance in the levels of lipidogram. There was an increased level of specific IgG antibodies to benzene in the observation group in relation to the comparison group. An imbalance of cellular immunity was found, which was characterized by signs of indicators activation of cellular differentiation clusters.

Conclusions. Studies of immune system compartments demonstrate excessive activation of cellular and humoral immunity in oil production workers under the influence of a combination of harmful production factors. The simultaneously formed imbalance of lipid metabolism is associated with various degrees of clinical manifestation of atherosclerotic disorders, with the influence of harmful production factors, aggressiveness of cellular and humoral immunity, and smoking.

Introduction. The study of the effects of wildfire smoke on the reproductive function is the most important scientific problem at the present stage.

The aim of study is to study the behavior and cognitive abilities of sexually mature offspring obtained from white male rats exposed to the smoke of wildfires.

Materials and methods. Experiments were carried out on 30 white male rats and 60 adult male of their offspring. The duration of exposure was 4 weeks, 4 hours/day. To obtain progeny exposed males were mated with intact females immediately after the exposure and in long-term period after exposure. Examination of adult progeny was performed using the "open field", Morris water maze, and histological examination of brain tissue.

Results. Behavioral and cognitive alterations in offspring of male rats exposed to wildfire smoke were obtained: significant decrease in motor activity and research on higher level of negative emotional state, impaired spatial memory performance. Individuals from offspring obtained in a long-term period after exposure to smoke showed a normalization of the studied parameters to background values.

Conclusions. The long-term consequences of exposure to the smoke of wildfires were revealed, manifested in the offspring of the first generation in the form of impaired behavior and cognitive abilities. The recovery period after prolonged smoke intoxication, which is 60 days and is comparable in duration with the duration of spermatogenesis in rats, is important for reducing the risk of developing CNS disorders in offspring.

Introduction. The role of industrial aerosol nanoparticles in the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is still poorly understood.

The aim of study is to determine the distribution of monocyte subpopulations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease under the influence of industrial aerosols containing nanoparticles.

Materials and methods. A single-center cohort observational study included patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (GOLD 2011 criteria) who were exposed to industrial aerosols (n=32), COPD patients, tobacco smokers (n=35), and conditionally healthy individuals without occupational hazards (n=29). Nanoparticles in the air of the working area were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy. Metal-containing nanoparticles (Pb, Fe, Cr) predominated in the casters' workplaces, while the grinders were mainly exposed to silicon dioxide nanoparticles. The groups were comparable by gender, age, and duration of COPD. Monocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood were determined by flow cytofluorometry.

Results. In COPD patients who worked in contact with an industrial aerosol containing metal nanoparticles, the proportion of "classical" CD14+CD16- monocytes was increased, and the proportion of "intermediate" CD14⁺CD16⁺ and "non-classical" CD14^dimCD16⁺ was reduced. The percentage of "non-classical" monocytes exposed to silicon dioxide nanoparticles was increased, and the percentage of "intermediate" monocytes was reduced. At the same time, the proportion of classical monocytes was highest in patients with COPD who worked under the influence of metal nanoparticles (84.3%±6.3%), intermediate monocytes - in patients with COPD due to tobacco smoking (6.1%±1.5%), non-classical monocytes - in the group of COPD and contact with silicon dioxide nanoparticles (20.45%±0.25%).

Conclusions. COPD under the influence of industrial aerosol containing metal nanoparticles is characterized by an increase in the proportion of "classical" monocytes, and silicon dioxide nanoparticles - "non-classical". The level of subpopulations of blood monocytes is a promising marker of professionally caused COPD.

Introduction. The work of many employees in the service sector is associated with a constant stay in a forced working position sitting at the computer for up to 60-80% of the time of the entire work shift, which leads to fatigue. The rate of fatigue depends on the specifics of work: it is much more likely to occur when working with monotony, muscle tension. An important role in the appearance of fatigue is also played by the attitude of a person to the work performed.

The aim of study is to study the motor activity of knowledge workers in social service centers for the development of preventive measures aimed at reducing hypokinesia and hypodynamia during the work shift.

Materials and methods. The following methods were used in the study: questionnaire and working day timing, calculation methods to determine whether the actual body weight corresponds to the ideal one using the Broka’s index and the Ketle’s index. The study involved employees of the integrated social service center "Raduga" in Bugulma.

Results. An assessment of the motor activity of employees of the social service center of the population was made, and it was concluded that the problem of hypokinesia and hypodynamia is relevant and significant for employees of social service centers of the population both in their daily activities and during the work shift. Most of the employees showed an increase in actual body weight compared to the ideal one, which is to some extent due to hypokinesia and hypodynamia both during the working day and at home.

Conclusions. Preventive measures aimed at compliance with the principles of rational nutrition and a healthy lifestyle, work and rest regimes, high-quality preliminary and periodic medical examinations are proposed.

Introduction. From 1960 to 2018, 282 people were enrolled in cosmonaut groups in the USSR and Russia. Extreme special training and working conditions could lead to health disorders, which may be reflected in the causes and rates of mortality in the future. The goal of this work is to study the causes and rates of mortality in two cohorts of cosmonauts: those with and without spaceflight experience.

The study aim is to research the causes and mortality rates of astronauts who have made and did not fly into space.

Methods. A cohort study of mortality of 263 male cosmonauts was conducted, 118 cosmonauts with spaceflight experience formed cohort 1, 145 cosmonauts without it - cohort 2. The follow-up period was 59 yrs. (01.01.1960-31.12.2018) with 8351,4 person-years obtained. The reference group for both cohorts was the male population of Russia, cohort 2 was also the reference group for the cohort 1. Mortality risk was assessed using standardized mortality ratio (SMR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI).

Results. Death risk from all causes (A00-Y98) for each cohort was significantly lower than that for the male population (SMR=0,39, 95% CI 0,28-0,54 for cohort 1; SMR=0,53, 95% CI 0,41-0,69 for cohort 2). Moreover, the risk of death for cosmonauts with spaceflight experience is also lower than for cosmonauts without it (SMR=0,66, 95% CI 0,46-0,91). The most common causes of death in both cohorts were circulatory system diseases, and cosmonauts without spaceflight experience died at a younger age.

Conclusion. Further research is required to understand the true influence of extreme working conditions on cosmonauts’ health, especially in the long-term period.

Introduction. Improving the ergonomics of the workplace, preventing the development of fatigue and diseases of the musculoskeletal system are relevant for workers in all spheres of the modern economy. The physiology of labor is engaged in solving these issues, one of the tasks of which is to conduct an ergonomic analysis, which includes determining the severity of the labor process and determining the rationality of working postures. The search for and approbation of modern methods of increasing the objectivity and reliability of research carried out in production is an urgent direction in labor physiology.

The aim of the study is comparison of the results of a hygienic assessment of the severity of the labor process in accordance with the guideline R 2.2.2006-05, carried out using standard techniques and the use of motion capture technology based on IMU-sensors, carried out at the workplace of a specialist in the management of high-rise equipment.

Materials and methods. To measure the indicators of the severity of labor in accordance with the guideline R 2.2.2006-05, standard measuring instruments measuring instruments were used. The Xsens system (Netherlands) with wireless IMU-sensors "Awinda" was used as a motion capture system.

Results. During this study, the possibility of using inertial motion capture systems was established as a reliable and additional tool for solving problems of labor physiology.

Conclusion. It was revealed that this technology allows to increase the objectivity and reliability of ergonomic analysis and to measure quantitative indicators of the severity of labor in any production environment. At the same time, today a significant drawback is the lack of programs for processing the data obtained and the need to use standard measuring instruments.

Introduction. One of the priority socio-economic and medical-demographic problems in Russia is the high mortality. The study aim is to identify the most significant factors that determine the mortality on the example of two single-industry towns.

Materials and methods. Mortality in two single-industry towns specializing in copper-nickel production, differenced in climate, environmental, and socio-economic indicators, was studied using age-standardized indicators averaged over 8 years (2010-2017).

Results. In Monchegorsk, compared to Russia, with similar non-production characteristics, working-age mortality from cardiovascular diseases (CVD) was higher by 49.0%, from malignant neoplasms (MN) by 34.7%, from diseases of the digestive system by 35.5%, which confirms the negative impact of occupational factors on the mortality of the population of a single-industry city.

In Norilsk city, with the worst characteristics of the environment and climate, compared to Monchegorsk, mortality from CVD was lower in working age by 40.6%, in post-working age by 41.4%; from MN - in working age lower by 37.2% that shows the compensating influence of socio-economic factors on mortality.

Conclusion. Risk factors for increased mortality rates in single-industry towns with copper-nickel enterprises are the influence of harmful occupational factors, as well as environmental pollution. Along with primary prevention, an effective mechanism for reducing mortality is to improve socio-economic well-being, and the quality of medical care.

Introduction. In recent decades, to assess the importance of trends in the development of areas of scientific research, various means of expert assessment have been used using the latest developments in the field of information technology, in particular, computer systems for scientometric analysis.

The aim of the study is to analyze the dynamics of the formation of scientific directions in occupational medicine.

Materials and methods. A scientometric analysis of materials from publications of the largest domestic scientific and practical event - the Russian National Congress "OCCUPATION and HEALTH" was carried out. For the analysis, materials from three different Congresses were taken: the 1^st (2002), the 8^th (2009) and the 15^th (2019), a total of 968 publications were analyzed. During the study, a quantitative calculation of publications was carried out, grouped by topic, keywords and annotations. The main areas of research on occupational medicine covered in publications were divided into 3 thematic groups, in which several subgroups were additionally identified.

Results. As a result, the most significant areas of scientific research and the main interests of Russian scientists were identified. The authors additionally compared the topics of the oral reports of ICOH-2018 participants with scientific publications within the framework of the 15th Russian National Congress "OCCUPATION and HEALTH" 2019.

Conclusion. In the course of the comparison, the main thematic areas of oral reports of ICOH-2018 participants, popular questions with the largest number of speeches were identified, and the most significant problems were identified, equally addressed by international and Russian specialists.

Introduction. Reproductive problems in marriage are an important component of demographic processes; therefore, attempts to resolve them have not only medical but also social significance. The state of male reproductive health plays an important role in demographic indicators, in particular, in population reproduction. This dictates the need to increase the volume of preventive measures, which requires early detection of reproductive disorders due to the impact of environmental factors, including occupational ones, that have a harmful effect on men.

The aim of the study is to develop a prevention program aimed at preserving and improving the reproductive health of employees engaged in harmful working conditions.

Materials and methods. To predict the quality of health of a future individual, it is necessary to consider many risk factors that can participate in the development of human pathology. Methods for studying reproductive health disorders in men include both conventional, classical methods of examining men by urologists, andrologists, and expert ones, which allow us to find out the role of harmful factors in the development of reproductive disorders of professional etiology by specialists in occupational medicine. The implementation of a reproductive health program requires monitoring the progress of the actions taken and evaluating their effectiveness.

Results. Implementing a reproductive health program requires monitoring the progress of actions and evaluating their effectiveness.

Conclusions. The ability to assess the risk of damage to reproductive health and the health of the offspring makes it possible to manage this risk, to prevent and reduce the levels of occupationally determined morbidity and morbidity associated with exposure to harmful factors.

Introduction. Due to the expansion of production volumes and applications of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCN), a comprehensive toxicological assessment of the nanomaterial is required, followed by the development of approaches to regulating their content in various facilities to reduce the risks of adverse effects on human health.

The aim of the study was to assess the state of the nervous system of experimental animals in response to intrapharyngeal introduction of MWCN in doses corresponding to real production exposures.

Materials and methods. The object of the study was two-month-old C57BL mice. The experimental groups received by pharyngeal aspiration 20 mcg of MWCN in 0.1% solution of Twin 80; the control group was administered 0.1% Twin 80 in the same way. The nervous system was evaluated 24 hours and 30 days after exposure in a battery of behavioral tests.

Results. The use of the "Open field" method allowed us to establish signs of increased anxiety and weakening of research responses in the experimental group 24 hours after exposure. After 30 days, the experimental group showed an increased level of anxiety in variable stress conditions compared to the control group.

Conclusions. Thus, the conducted studies revealed some behavioral deviations in the experimental group compared to the control group 24 hours and 30 days after exposure, which suggests the presence of a General systemic or stress reaction to the introduction of the MWCN suspension.

Today, there are personal protective equipment, which due to their weight and size characteristics and design features can aggravate professional activity. This is characterized by an increase in the load on several major systems of the employee's body, including the cardiorespiratory system, which can cause the development of occupational pathology. The study of the functions of the cardiorespiratory system of humans in the process of his work is an important task in biomedical tests such as PPE, aggravating their professional activities and future means of individual protection from heavy labor and industrial exoskeletons.

The aim of the study is to determine the possibility of using ergospirometry for the physiological assessment of personal protective equipment and industrial exoskeletons.

Main part. In medical practice and high-performance sports, ergospirometry is considered the "gold standard" for functional assessment of the cardiorespiratory system. There are very few studies showing the use of ergospirometry for the purpose of physiological assessment of personal protective equipment.

Results of research works in which ergospirometry was used in medicine, sports, as well as on the physiological and hygienic assessment of combat equipment, various types of personal protective equipment, including new promising personal protective equipment of the musculoskeletal system-industrial exoskeletons.

The use of ergospirometry made it possible to register the main indicators of the human cardiorespiratory system both in field and laboratory conditions and allowed forming an objective conclusion about the dynamics of the degree of stress of the human cardiorespiratory system when using personal protective equipment and industrial exoskeletons with various weight and size characteristics.

Thus, the use of ergospirometry both in isolation and in combination with other methods allows us to solve problems related to biomedical testing of personal protective equipment and industrial exoskeletons.

Introduction. Issues of preserving the health and saving of the Russian population are important in the development of state programs. One of the main sources of population growth, as well as the preservation of the labor potential of our country, is the reduction of the death rate of the working - age population.

The aim of the study was to analyze the mortality of the population in the age groups 15-59 years and 15-64 years for men and 15-54 years and 15-59 years for women in Russia in comparison with the countries of the European Union (EU-28).

Materials and methods. Mortality was studied based on data from Rosstat and the WHO Mortality Database and the Human Mortality Database. Age-standardized mortality rates were calculated for Russia in 2018 and the EU-28 countries in 2017 (European standard, revised 2013).

Results. Comparative analysis of the standardized mortality rates of the population 15 to 59 years and 15-64 years for men and 15-54 years of age and 15-59 years of age showed a significant gap between Russia and the EU-28. Differences in mortality among men in comparison with the EU-28 in the age group of 15-59 years was 3.1 times, and in the age group 15-64 years - by 2.8 times. In women aged 15-54 years, the excess was 2.5 times, and in those aged 15-59 years - 2.2 times.

Conclusions. Thus, the analysis of modern data on the mortality of the male (aged 15-59 and 15-64 years) and female (aged 15-54 and 15-59 years) populations indicated that negative trends persist in Russia's lagging behind the European Union countries.

Introduction. Industrial carcinogens are one of the causes leading to malignancy of epithelial neoplasms of the skin.

The aim of study to assess the importance of conducting dermatoscopic research methods during periodic medical examinations of workers with industrial carcinogens.

Materials and methods. 108 employees of the enterprise of Moscow were examined at periodic medical examinations of KPO FSBSI Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health. According to the special assessment of working conditions for harmful factors and types of work, a contingent of 60 people who had contact with industrial carcinogens and 48 people who did not have contact with industrial factors was identified. A complex of clinical-anamnestic and diagnostic methods was performed. Clinical research-interview of the patient, study of the patient's medical history, complaints, heredity, Constitution, professional activity, skin type and harmful effects; duration of existence and dynamics of changes in the size of the neoplasm. Visual examination of the patient's skin under natural and side lighting using a magnifying glass with 7x magnification. Physical examination of the primary skin tumor: the shape, color, size, and boundaries of the neoplasm were preliminarily evaluated. Epiluminescent surface microscopy (dermatoscopy) of each suspected pigmented neoplasm was performed using a Heine Delta 20 Dermatoscope (Heine Optotechnik, Germany). During dermatoscopy, in order to make the surface layers of the skin more transparent, oil was applied to the surface of the neoplasm. Digital photos during dermatoscopy were taken using a Nikon D 3100 18-55 II Kit digital camera, which was connected to the Dermatoscope by a Nikon UR-E15 adapter ring. Industrial carcinogens are one of the causes leading to malignancy of epithelial neoplasms of the skin.

Results. According to the results of the study in a group of patients, it was found that workers who had contact with industrial carcinogens, epithelial skin neoplasms were much more common and more common at a young age (from 18 to 39 years), compared with patients who did not have contact with carcinogens at work. It was also revealed that epithelial neoplasms of the skin are most often diagnosed with longer work experience. It is noted that in patients who have contact with industrial carcinogens, even with work experience of up to 10 years, epithelial skin neoplasms are more often detected.

Conclusions. There are good reasons to believe that exposure to industrial carcinogenic factors significantly increases the risk of developing skin neoplasms. The use of dermatoscopic diagnostic methods will allow timely detection of benign skin neoplasms in persons who have contact with industrial carcinogens during preventive medical examinations and thereby reduce the risk of malignant neoplasms.

Introduction. The article presents the results of a survey on certain aspects that make up the image of motherhood in women of different professions, including students or working as an assistant to an electric train driver.

The aim of study is to identify attitudes to motherhood in women of various professions.

Materials and methods. Anonymous online survey.

Results. The marital status of the respondents was distributed as follows: married - 31.03%; civil marriage - 20.69%; permanent partner - 13.79%; single, no partner - 34.48%. Of the 29 respondents, 27.6% are planning or have already linked their professional career with the position of an assistant driver. To the question "do you plan to become a mother" among them are all the answers, and with some probability it is possible to trace the dependence on age: the answers "has become" and "will soon" belong to women aged 30 years, whereas "long-term" or "no" at the age of 19-27 years.

Conclusions. A woman's choice to work with harmful production factors does not mean that she refuses future motherhood. Most respondents have an ambivalent attitude to motherhood, which includes both positive and negative aspects.

Introduction. The well-known features of oncogenesis make it possible to assume the prospects of medical ozone as part of a comprehensive health-saving therapy for professional oncopathologies. Due to the risk of stimulating the proliferation of tumor cells, research on the search for optimal modes of ozone exposure is relevant.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the possibility of using ozonated saline solution (OSS) as part of complex antitumor therapy in an experiment.

Materials and methods. The effect of OSS with different concentrations of ozone in the ozone-oxygen mixture on the content of hemoglobin, active products of thiobarbituric acid (TBA) of lipid peroxidation (LP), the degree of oxidative modification of proteins, and the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase in blood, liver, spleen, and tumor tissues was studied in Mature rats with normal and transplanted cholangiocellular carcinoma.

Results. The course effect of the OSS did not have statistically significant changes in the studied biochemical parameters under the conditions of the physiological norm in the experiment. Exposure to OSS during oncogenesis led to a decrease in the content of TBA-active LP products in the liver by more than 30%.

Conclusions. Course exposure to OSS with an ozone concentration in an ozone-oxygen mixture of 400 micrograms/l may be promising for the correction of free radical homeostasis as part of complex antitumor therapy, including in oncogenesis due to occupational factors.

Introduction. The occurrence of psychological problems in space flight can have a negative impact on the physiological reactions of the cosmonaut's body. The paper presents the gender features of adaptation of 6 international crew members to the conditions of 120-day isolation in a hermetic object in the "SIRIUS 18/19" project.

The aim of study is to research the gender features of adaptation of test volunteers to the conditions of 120 - day isolation in a hermetic object in the "SIRIUS 18/19" experiment.

Materials and methods. Psychological testing of experimental participants and determination of serum concentrations of cortisol, aldosterone, somatotropic hormone, total testosterone and prolactin were performed.

Results. All participants in the "SIRIUS 18/19" experiment showed symptoms of stress. Despite the relatively stable hormonal background in women during isolation, they were more likely to experience psychological discomfort. Their personal adaptive potential decreased significantly more than in men.

Conclusions. Due to their psychological and physiological characteristics, it was more difficult for women to adapt to the conditions of 120-day isolation in a hermetic facility.

Introduction. Increased nervous and emotional loads in doctors of children's medical organizations are caused by frequent stressful effects, shift work mode. The study of the features of the formation of the functional state of the body of surgeons will make it possible to scientifically justify measures to prevent overstrain to preserve the health of employees.

The aim of study is to research the functional state of the body of doctors of children's medical organizations with a shift work schedule to justify and develop measures for physiological and hygienic optimization of work.

Materials and methods. Complex physiological and hygienic studies included occupational analysis of labor activity, physiological studies of the state of the Central nervous system (CNS) and the cardiovascular system with the study of the features of response to functional loads (ECG recording on a 12-channel electrocardiograph and continuously using Holter monitoring).

Results. The study of the features and degree of adequacy of the cardiovascular system's response to dosed physical activity revealed the tension of the regulatory mechanisms of the circulatory system with a pronounced increase in heart activity in surgeons during night hours.

Conclusions. Stable indicators of CNS functions (concentration of attention, etc.) were established during various shifts, due to the requirements of the work itself, adverse changes in the cardiovascular system, more pronounced during the night shift, deterioration of ECG changes to functional load, which indicates a decrease in the functional capabilities of the myocardium.

Introduction. The article presents the results of a survey of employees of the railway industry and volunteers of various professions on their attitude to the possibility of employment of women as a locomotive driver and assistant driver.

The aim of study is to determine the socio-psychological aspects of allowing women to work as a driver and assistant driver of an electric train among employees of various professions, including in the railway industry.

Materials and methods. Anonymous online survey conducted among 112 people: 60 women aged 29.9±7.9 years (from 19 to 55 years), and 52 men aged 29.6±8.4 years (from 15 to 53 years).

Results. There is an ambiguous attitude to the prospects of allowing women to work as a driver and assistant driver of an electric train. The most urgent problems of an organizational nature that accompany changes in labor legislation are noted: the abolition of allowances "for harm", the increase in the retirement age, inconveniences in holiday homes that are currently designed exclusively for men. There are also positive prospects for these changes: the possibility of healthy professional competition and the emergence of new areas of professional growth for women, as well as increasing the prestige of OAS "Russian Railways" by creating an image of a company that provides candidates with equal rights regardless of gender.

Conclusions. The appearance (although it would be more accurate to say "return") of women to work as drivers and assistant drivers is not a forced measure, as it was in wartime, but the result of the modernization of rolling stock and railway infrastructure, bringing to the fore the assessment of professionally important operator qualities, regardless of the gender of candidates. However, gender characteristics cannot be ignored in the socio-psychological context - for example, when recruiting locomotive crews with mixed composition or when creating a favorable psychological climate in a locomotive depot.

Introduction. Discrepancies in the regulatory documents regulating the compilation of sanitary and hygienic characteristics (SGC) of pilots' working conditions, the lack of a complex of laboratory and instrumental studies conducted at the workplace and, as a result, incomplete and unreliable compilation of SGC, lead to difficulties in establishing the connection between the disease and the pilot's profession.

The aim of study is to conduct a critical analysis of the quality of the preparation of the CGS, followed by identifying the main violations of the requirements of regulatory documents in the design of the CGS.

Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of the quality of registration of the SGC of pilots with an established diagnosis of occupational disease was performed.

Results. Contradictions in the current legal acts are established and discrepancies in methods for assessing the normalized indicators of working conditions of pilots are revealed. The data obtained indicate that the main requirements for filling out the SGC, justified by the specifics of the working conditions of pilots, are not taken into account when they are issued; when evaluating the measurement results, non-current regulatory documents are used, or documents that do not regulate the working conditions of civil aviation pilots.

Conclusions. To improve the quality of registration of the SGC, it is necessary to update the current regulations and develop guidelines with the establishment of the form of the SGC for working conditions of civil aviation flight personnel in case of suspected occupational disease.

Introduction. Due to the increase in the last decade in the incidence of female reproductive system pathology, with the subsequent development of miscarriage, the issue of studying the influence of industrial chemical factors on the state of the immune and hormonal systems of working women becomes very relevant.

The aim of study was to assess the features of the immune and hormonal status of women with uterine leiomyoma exposed to chronic exposure to aromatic hydrocarbons in the workplace.

Materials and methods. 110 fertile female workers of the oil refining and petrochemical industries were examined. The observation group consisted of 79 women (36.8±0.7 years) with a diagnosis of uterine leiomyoma, the comparison group consisted of 31 conditionally healthy women (33.7±1.0 years). Chemical and analytical analysis of the biological media for the content of aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene) was performed by gas chromatography. The immunological analysis included CD-cell regulation indicators (CD3^–CD16⁺CD56⁺) study by flow cytometry, cell apoptosis (AFP) stimulator values determination, as well as the study of the neurohumoral regulation (serotonin) marker, thyroid function (TSH, T4) markers, and steroid hormones (prolactin, estradiol, cortisol) by ELISA. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Statistica 10.0 software package.

Results. Aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene) were found in biological media of patients, which normally should be absent, and the ethylbenzene level in the urine in the observation group was significantly more than in comparison group (6.3 times) (p<0.05). For the observation group, there is a toluene presence in the urine and a slight excess of benzene in the blood by 2.7 times compared to the comparison group. In the group of females with the reproductive system pathology (leiomyoma), there is a significant decrease in T4 (14%, p<0.05) and serum serotonin (1.7 times, p<0.05); not significant reduction of the NK-cells expression level (1.3 times), estradiol (x1,x4) and prolactin (9%); not significant increase of the AFP expression level (3.0-fold) and cortisol (by 1.2 times) relative to healthy women.

Conclusions. Chronic industrial exposure of blood with aromatic hydrocarbons leads to an increase in the expression of AFP-a stimulator of cell apoptosis, which inhibits the activity of NK-lymphocytes (the main controller of oncogenic viral infections). Aromatic hydrocarbons can serve as a donor of the CH₃ methyl group (toluene) converting estrogens into testosterone. When exposed to high concentrations of aromatic hydrocarbons, serotonin expression and controlling estrogen regulation are suppressed, which simultaneously with insufficient antiviral immunity (CD3^–CD16⁺CD56⁺) forms a proliferative response in the form of uterine leiomyoma formation, and can lead to infertility under the conditions of benzene-associated masculinization.

Introduction. Training of highly qualified personnel in a military University is inextricably linked with the health of cadets. Maintaining and strengthening their health is an urgent task during the entire period of training.

The aim of study is to conduct a comprehensive hygienic assessment of the conditions of education and training in a military University, followed by determining the risk of influence of a combination of internal factors and the organization of the educational process on the health of cadets.

Materials and methods. A comprehensive assessment of the Omsk automobile and armored engineering Institute was carried out using the Sukharev and Kanevskaya methods, based on identifying the correspondence between the actual state of training conditions and hygiene standards.

Results. A comprehensive assessment made it possible to classify the conditions of training in a military University as moderately dangerous. The maximum degree of risk was identified by the factors "air-heat regime", "organization of the educational process and professional training".

Conclusions. It is necessary to develop a system for preserving the health of cadets, including an assessment of training conditions and ranking of negative impact factors.

Introduction. The health care system in modern educational institutions requires a comprehensive approach to analyzing and evaluating the impact of environmental factors on the health of students, which is of priority importance for the personnel potential of military specialists.

The aim of study is to research the influence of environmental factors of a Military University on the health of the future personnel potential of specialists in the armored vehicle service.

Materials and methods. The study involved 234 cadets in the dynamics of training from 1st to 5th year. Every year, a social survey of students was conducted, daily caloric and energy consumption, training load and performance, extensive and intensive indicators of morbidity were calculated.

Results. Changes in environmental factors in the Military University and the deterioration of the quality of life of cadets are significant factors in the formation of negative trends in their health. There is an unevenness in the values of environmental factors in different training courses, as well as a tendency to increase the overall incidence.

Conclusions. There is a need for additional measures aimed at reducing the negative impact of environmental factors on the health of cadets, which should be implemented comprehensively at all levels and stages of training.

Introduction. Currently, the factors that affect male reproductive health are not well understood.

The aim of study is to research the risk factors for male reproductive health disorders.

Materials and methods. The study was an online test, the software of which is implemented using a specially developed data processing and storage scheme, as a separate page of the site. The study included questions related to marital status, level of education, lifestyle, a block of questions related to work, and also used standardized questionnaires: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), diagnosis of stress (A.O. Prokhorov), questionnaire on the symptoms of aging in men (SAM), international index of erectile function (IIEF-5).

Results. The results of the study showed that every second man has signs of androgen deficiency, and every fourth man has erectile dysfunction, despite the fact that the majority of respondents are less than 45 years old.

Conclusions. The relationship between the presence of stress, depression and androgen deficiency was revealed, which significantly increases the risk of male reproductive health disorders.

Introduction. Certain types of work in the vicinity of overhead power lines may be accompanied by prolonged presence of personnel during the work shift in areas where the maximum permissible levels of electric and magnetic fields of industrial frequency are exceeded.

The aim of study is a comprehensive theoretical and instrumental assessment of the exposure of electric and magnetic fields of industrial frequency in places where personnel may stay when working near overhead power lines with a voltage of 500 and 750 kV.

Materials and methods. The measurement points were determined using a matrix estimation method, taking into account the location of phases and sanitary protection zones of overhead power lines. The development and calculation of numerical models were carried out in the three-dimensional modeling environment SEMCAD X 14.8.6.

Results. As a result of instrumental assessment of electric and magnetic fields of industrial frequency, places with exceeding the maximum permissible levels of the electric field of industrial frequency for a work shift were identified, which indicates the need to limit the time spent by personnel without the use of personal protective equipment. At the same time, no excess of the maximum permissible levels of the industrial frequency magnetic field was detected.

Conclusions. The obtained numerical models of 500 and 750 kV overhead transmission lines when evaluating the levels of electric and magnetic fields of industrial frequency showed compliance with the data obtained during field measurements. This allows further research to assess the exposure of personnel performing work without removing voltage on overhead power lines of 500 and 750 kV.

Introduction. Biological personal protective equipment (PPE) is currently in particular demand, primarily when working with patients with a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Many materials used in the manufacture of such PPE have low air and vapor permeability, which ultimately can contribute to overheating of the body even in a comfortable temperature environment.

The aim of study - physiological and hygienic assessment of the thermal state of the body of medical workers dressed in PPE from biological factors during the working day.

Materials and methods. The study was conducted on the basis of an infectious hospital clinic of the FSBSI "Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health" during the COVID-19 epidemic on practically healthy volunteers: orderlies, nurses and doctors, who during the study performed their duties in the "infectious" zone.

Results. The volunteers were equipped with sensors that measure the temperature of the skin and body, heart rate and humidity of the underwear. The indicators obtained during the experiment were evaluated in accordance with the current regulatory documentation.

Conclusion. The data obtained as a result of the study showed an increase in most of the criteria indicators of the thermal state of the body of medical workers, which made it possible to assess the intensity of the thermal state of medical personnel.

Introduction. The article presents research materials on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on labor activity, conducted during the period of active development of the epidemic spread around the world.

The aim of study is to analyze the labor activity of employees during the pandemic, taking into account psychophysiological indicators.

Materials and methods. Comparative analysis of questionnaire data (used the questionnaire developed by the teachers of the Department "Management of safety in technosphere" Russian University of transport) railway workers during a pandemic COVID-19, considered the issues of psychological state, but also studied a stress level of employees and predicting the impact of a pandemia on the state of mental health of railway workers. 50 female guides took part in the survey, most of them were women (about 70%) with continuous work experience in this profession.

Results. Guides generally adequately assess the health risk of COVID-19 exposure. However, there are several people who "underestimate the risk of exposure to the factor" (about 20%), and their number has increased during the period of lifting the quarantine. Comparative analysis showed that during the quarantine period, employees felt psychoemotional stress, increased the number of anxieties, depression, and nervous disorders. The obtained data confirm the expediency of further research in this direction, the need to normalize the work of employees in the context of the development of the pandemia and the preservation of their health.

Conclusions. It is necessary to wait and make every effort to fight COVID-19. It is also necessary to control the psychological state, if you ignore the fear of employees that they may become infected, then this may open up diseases of a different nature.

Introduction. The current negative trends in the decline of the working-age population, as well as changes in the pension legislation, raise the issue of preserving the labor potential and health of the population more sharply than ever.

The aim of study is to assess the occupational health risk of employees in iron ore mining with the subsequent development of management measures.

Materials and methods. Jobs of priority professions were selected: creeper, sinker, GROZ, scraper winch and drilling rig drivers. The assessment of working conditions and occupational risk was carried out in accordance with guidelines R 2.2.2006-05 and R 2.2.1766-03 on the basis of materials provided by the company, as well as its own measurement results using available predictive models for assessing occupational health risk of employees.

Results. The results of the study indicate that there is a high (intolerable) occupational health risk in all professions, category of evidence 1A. Aerosols, industrial noise, vibration, and heavy labor remain the leading health risk factors. The average length of professional pathology development, depending on the nosological form, was in the range of 20-30 years.

Conclusions. Based on the results of the work, recommendations were given for managing occupational health risks.

Introduction. Evaluation of the relationship between hemostasis and steroid hormones is an important area of research due to the high risk of hemorrhages and, especially, thromboembolic complications in their abnormal state, but this has not been practically studied in long-term isolation.

The aim of study was to study the relationship between hemostasis and steroid hormones of participants in 120 - day isolation in a hermetic object.

Materials and methods. Before, 3 times during and on the 7th day after 120-day isolation, venous blood samples were taken from the international crew members (3 men and 3 women) to measure the concentrations of cortisol, aldosterone, total testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin, determine the free androgen index, and evaluate 9 hemostasis indicators.

Results. In conditions of long-term isolation, the relationship of steroid hormones with the activity of the procoagulant hemostasis link and the state of the plasmin and antiplasmin systems was revealed.

Conclusions. Anthropometric and hormonal parameters in isolation were significantly correlated with the dynamics of the international normalized ratio, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen, antithrombin III, plasminogen, α2-antiplasmin and protein C, and the gender of the subjects significantly affected only the activity of α2-antiplasmin, and the age of volunteers and the dynamics of testosterone had the most pronounced effect on hemostasis in isolation.

Introduction. Vibration disease (VD) is an example of the most common pathology due to the systematic exposure of the worker to intense vibration with sufficient work experience, the main manifestation of which is peripheral angiodystonic syndrome.

The aim of study was to learn the features of peripheral blood flow in the arteries of the forearm in vibration disease using the ultrasound method.

Materials and methods. The radial and ulnar arteries in patients with vibration disease were examined by ultrasound in B- and PW-mode. These materials present the results of an ultrasound assessment of the speed indicators of the main arteries of the forearm in vibration disease stages 1 and 2. The selection criteria for patients in the study ware the presence of pronounced clinical manifestations of angiodystonic syndrome in vibration disease, confirmed by instrumental research methods and data on the sanitary and hygienic characteristics of working conditions, the absence of cardiovascular chronic diseases (ischemic heart disease, heart defects, rhythm and conduction disturbances), rheumatic, oncological, infectious diseases, osteo-traumatic changes in the upper extremities.

Results. The groups of patients with the established diagnosis of vibration disease of 1 and 2 degrees were studied. With vibration disease stage 1 a decrease in the pulse velocity of blood flow was observed in isolation on the ulnar artery and an increase in peripheral resistance (pulsation index and resistance index) in the radial and ulnar arteries symmetrically on both upper extremities. The second stage of vibration disease differed from the first by a more significant decrease in speed indicators both on the ulnar and radial arteries on both sides, symmetrically in combination with a more pronounced increase in peripheral resistance indicators on both main arteries of the forearm (pulsation index and resistance index). The revealed changes were determined with the same frequency in men and women.

Conclusions. A significant decrease in speed indicators on the ulnar artery and an increase in peripheral resistance indicators are detected already at the initial stages of vibration disease. Thus, the method of ultrasound examination of the main arteries of the middle caliber of the upper extremities is currently the only available and objective method for examining the vascular system in vibration disease.

Introduction. It is known that the factors of space flight shift the coagulation balance of blood in the direction of procoagulant. The effect of space flight factors on the hemostatic potential of human blood with the simultaneous effect of preventive measures and compensation for their adverse effects has not been practically studied.

The aim of study was to study the effect of physical exertion, electromyostimulation, mechanical stimulation of the foot, and blood-substituting solutions on the main indicators of the human hemostasis system in experiments with 21-hour antiorthostatic hypokinesia, 7-day "dry" water immersion, and 120-day isolation in a hermetic volume.

Materials and methods. Concentrations of fibrinogen, plasminogen, soluble fibrin-monomer complexes, D-dimer, antithrombin III, protein C, and α2-antiplasmin were determined in citrate plasma; values of thrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and prothrombin time.

Results. It was found that the infusion of blood-substituting colloidal solution "venofundin" prevents the tendency to increase the level of soluble fibrin-monomer complexes observed during 21-hour antiorthostatic hypokinesia. Electromyostimulation leads to increased levels of fibrinogen and D-dimer during 7-day immersion. The complex of physical activities used in the experiment with 120-day isolation helps to reduce the level of D-dimer.

Conclusions. The results indicate that when modeling the impact of space flight factors, a favorable hypocoagulation effect is provided by an infusion of venofundin, as well as a complex of balanced physical activities.

Introduction. Chronic non-communicable diseases (CND) are a global health problem. In Russia, there is still a high mortality rate from CND, especially among the working-age population. A promising method of dealing with the chronic noninfectious diseases are school of health. For the working-age population, health schools can be one of the most effective and affordable methods of preventing CND.

The aim of study is to analyze the attendance of the school of health for arterial hypertension. Consider alternatives to combat CND in the working-age population, similar to health schools.

Materials and methods. During the work, we used data from the school of health on arterial hypertension, conducted on the basis of the GBUZ "City polyclinic No. 8" DZM. The study included all male and female patients who attended school in 2018. at the age of 18 and older. The assessment of school attendance, age and gender characteristics of students, test results, and analysis of systolic and diastolic blood pressure indicators at the control reception was carried out.

Results. 140 people were trained, including 116 women (83%) and 24 men (17%). The average age of patients ranged from 43 to 90 (72.3±9) years. Among the students there were only 18 (12.9%) people of working age:14 women and 4 men. The age of women ranged from 43 to 90 years, men — from 60 to 89 years. During the training, the level of knowledge of patients increased from 6.3±1.7 (out of 10 possible) to 9.0±0.9 points (p<0.001). According to the results of the control measurement, the average SAP was 131.1±11.8 mm Hg, and the DAP was 78.6±9.0 mm Hg. For patients of working age, the average SAP was 130.4±15.1 mm Hg, and the DAP was 76.5±8.3 mm Hg.

Conclusions. Training in the school of health significantly increases the level of medical awareness of patients about their disease. There is a need for greater promotion of health schools among the working-age population. Student and trade Union platforms for organizing preventive actions can serve as an alternative to health schools for able-bodied citizens. Remote methods of prevention and raising medical awareness can become a new stage in the development of CND prevention.

Introduction. Today, there is an active application of the occupational risk assessment approach in hygiene practice. In particular, the employer is required to assess the risk of exceeding the production noise limit.

The aim of study is to identify issues related to the performance of work on the assessment of occupational risk from noise exposure, based on practical experience.

Materials and methods. The assessment of the probability of adverse effects on the health of specific individuals employed in more than a thousand jobs in various branches of Russian industry allows us to identify a number of practical problems.

Results. The main problem is the lack of information about the levels of impacting noise that is suitable for constructing subsequent stages of research. One option is the absence of annual monitoring of noise with possible variability in the level of exposure in dynamics. Also, when performing control, there is the use of measuring instruments that do not meet the requirements for ensuring the uniformity of measurements. Often, we are faced with the lack of a fixed identification of workplaces that allows us to track the levels of impacting noise in dynamics. The priority was to support the risk assessment work by conducting control measurements of noise levels with the priority use of personal noise meters to minimize the contribution of uncertainties.

Conclusions. The analysis of international experience shows the need to introduce new approaches to monitoring noise levels and the implemented effects of its impact on the part of the hearing organ, including monitoring the accumulated doses, the introduction of a" noise professional route", mandatory audiometry when hiring and annual monitoring of the dynamics of hearing changes; evaluating the effectiveness of the used personal hearing protection equipment (PHPE) in real production conditions.

Introduction. One of the leading causes of occupational health loss, especially in mining and machine-building enterprises, is the combined impact of industrial noise and vibration. The wide prevalence of cardiovascular diseases is one of the most important medical and social problems, due to persistent disability and high mortality, bringing prevention of health disorders to the first place as the basis for preserving labor longevity.

The aim of study is to identify the main approaches aimed at preventing health problems in workers who come into contact with vibration and noise at mining and machine-building enterprises.

Materials and methods. A survey and survey of 296 industrial workers was conducted. Group 1 (160 people) included men who were exposed to noise and vibration factors above the maximum permissible levels, group 2 consisted of 136 men who did not have direct contact with noise and vibration generating equipment. When conducting an in-depth laboratory and instrumental examination in a hospital setting, all workers additionally calculated the level of cardiovascular risk on the SCORE scale. Statistical analysis was performed using the software package "Statistica 6.0".

Results. It is determined that the priority adverse factors of the working environment in production are noise and vibration. It has been shown that individuals who come into contact with these factors are more likely to detect violations of lipid metabolism and endothelial function, have a higher average heart rate and systolic blood pressure, and have an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases.

Conclusions. Taking into account the obtained results of the proposed diagnostic approaches aimed at the prevention of health disorders among workers of industrial enterprises. If employees are found to have an increased cardiovascular risk, it is necessary to conduct a more in-depth examination and timely medical and preventive measures.

Introduction. Patients with transferred a new coronavirus infection, as a rule need in a rehabilitation. It is necessary to develop clinical recommendations for this group of patients. Medical rehabilitation during the COVID-19 pandemic should include all components of rehabilitation measures aimed at rapid recovery of vital body functions, improving the quality of life of patients and preventing complications.

The aim of study is to identify the most effective methods of rehabilitation of patients with lung damage of varying severity caused by a new coronavirus infection. Assessment of rehabilitation potential depending on age, gender, and severity of lung tissue damage.

Materials and methods. The article describes the experience of rehabilitation and rehabilitation treatment of 40 patients after acute infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which was carried out on the basis of the neurological occupational pathology Department of the Burnazyan State Medical Center.

Results. To determine the volume of rehabilitation treatment, each patient was tested using special scales and questionnaires that allow assessing the patient's somatic status, physical activity tolerance, cognitive functions, and the presence of affective disorders. Testing was performed at the patient's admission to the hospital and on the 12th day, which helped to assess the dynamics of recovery. To achieve the maximum effect of the work done, we have organized an individual comprehensive multidisciplinary approach to each patient, including a group of specialists, such as a therapist, pulmonologist, neurologist, rehabilitologist, physiotherapist, psychologist, physical therapy instructor. Against the background of rehabilitation and rehabilitation treatment, there was a positive dynamics in the condition of patients, in the form of an increase in tolerance to physical activity according to scales, questionnaires, and functional tests in 95%, improvement in saturation indicators in 90%, and affective disorders were completely corrected in 85% of patients. Subjectively, 100% of patients report an improvement in their health status.

Conclusions. Thus, despite the timely treatment received in the acute period of the disease, a very important stage in the treatment of patients is rehabilitation in the long-term period.

Introduction. The cause of the development of endothelial dysfunction (ED) and, as a result, the pathology of the cardiovascular system may be exposure to mercury.

The aim of study is to study the relationship between ED markers in individuals exposed to mercury.

Materials and methods. A survey was carried out using biochemical and statistical methods in persons exposed to mercury with more than five years of work experience, and in patients with chronic mercury intoxication in the long-term post-exposure period.

Results. Relationships of biochemical indicators of ED of various directions have been established, indicating the presence of pathological changes in the endothelium of vessels in which its different links are involved.

Conclusions. Associations were established between the exposition load and the concentration of ED markers in workers without occupational disease, which indicates the contribution of production factors to its formation during contact with the toxicant. The results of the study of the correlation of biochemical indicators of ED indicate the presence of complex associations that form a closed system between its markers at the stage before the formation of occupational disease, and their disunity in the distant period of chronic mercury intoxication, especially in the presence of CVD.

Introduction. The social significance of occupational dust pathology is due to its leading position in the structure of mortality from occupational diseases. Stress tests are an important stage in a comprehensive approach to assessing and predicting the health status of trained dust workers.

The aim of study was to study the relationship between exercise tolerance and the state of the cardiorespiratory system in employees of dust-hazardous professions based on the results of a 6-minute walking test (6MW).

Materials and methods. Using data from echocardiography, spirometry, bodyplethysmography (BPG), a 6MW test and simultaneous monitoring of blood oxygen saturation (SpO₂), 193 working dust professions (DP) (79 people), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (56 people) and patients without signs of respiratory pathology (58 people) were examined.

Results. The peculiarities of spirometry and BPG, traced the relationship of load test results with the results of functional studies of cardio-respiratory status.

Conclusions. It was found that SpO₂ in the dynamics of the 6mx test shows a different relationship with spirometry indicators, characterizing the main pathogenetic moments of the formation of respiratory failure.

Introduction. Arterial hypertension (AH) is a multifactorial disease, the main risk factors of which are environmental determinants, the duration and level of their exposure, as well as the age of the examined population. The conditions of the production environment are characterized by a more pronounced effect of technogenic factors compared to the environment, which creates prerequisites for the development of adaptation disorders and an increased risk of hypertension among employees of the oil production enterprise.

The aim of study was to analyze age — related features of the immune status associated with the development of AH in employees of an oil production enterprise in the Perm region.

Materials and methods. 150 oil production operators exposed to chronic exposure to harmful production factors were examined. The observation group consisted of 67 people over 40 years of age with more than 10 years of work experience who had episodes of increased blood pressure (BP). The comparison group consisted of 73 men under 45 years of age with less than 10 years of experience and no cardiovascular pathology. Determination of the total IgE, IgG to benzene, and VEGF content was performed by the ELISA method. The content of CD3+CD25+, CD127–, CD3+CD95+, and Bax was determined by flow cytometry. Phagocytic activity of white blood cells was studied using formalized sheep red blood cells. The relationship between age and seniority with the development of episodes of increased blood pressure was evaluated using the odds — OR ratio indicator. Statistical processing of the results was performed using the Statistica 6.0 software package. Differences between groups were considered significant at p<0.05.

Results. Episodes of increased blood pressure in employees of an oil production enterprise in the Perm region are significantly associated with work experience of more than 10 years when they reach the age of 40 years (p<0.05). The observation group is characterized by an increased (p<0.05) level of General (IgE General) and specific (IgG to benzene) sensitization. A decrease (p<0.05) in the CD3+CD25+ content relative to the comparison group was found against the background of an increase (p<0.05) in the level of regulatory CD127 lymphocytes. Episodes of increased blood pressure in the observation group are associated (p<0.05) with a reduced (p<0.05) level of the Bax protein and CD95+-receptor of lymphocytes relative to the comparison group. At the same time, signs of phagocytosis activation (p<0.05) were established according to the criteria of phagocytosis percentage, phagocytic number, and absolute phagocytosis relative to the comparison group.

Conclusions. Detected changes in immune regulation: an increase in the level of General (IgE General) and specific (IgG to benzene) sensitization, suppression of the immune response (CD3+CD25+, CD127–) and apoptosis (CD3+CD95+, Bax) against the background of phagocytosis activation characterize the development of hypertension in employees of an oil production enterprise older than 40 years with more than 10 years of experience in this industry.

Introduction. The increase in the number of emergency situations (ES) in medical institutions in Russia actualizes the study of the state of this problem in different territories in order to optimize regional programs for the prevention of occupational diseases of medical workers, including hemocontact infections.

The aim of study is to identify possible reasons for the lack of occupational morbidity of hemocontact infections in the Saratov Region.

Materials and methods. To determine the frequency, types and possible causes of ES, the procedure for their registration, and the awareness of medical workers about the algorithm of actions in case of their development, 82 doctors in the specialties of obstetrician-gynecologist and surgeon (39 and 43 people, respectively) were interviewed at a multi-specialty hospital in Saratov (continuous sampling method).

Results. The presence of ES in the practice of the majority of doctors surveyed (59%) was revealed, and 19% of respondents had multiple as (5 or more times). Most often, as occurs during the transfer and reception of acute surgical instruments. Among the most likely risk factors for developing as are high workload, emotional overload, and working at night. A quarter of aces do not register in the injury log, which is due to lack of time (42%) and the log itself (25%), ignorance of the need for this action (17%), fear of dismissal (8%).

Conclusions. One of the main possible reasons for the lack of professional incidence of hemocontact infections is the lack of awareness of doctors about the algorithm of action in the event of an emergency at the workplace, in some cases-the lack of conditions for the implementation of this algorithm.

In conditions of exceeding the maximum permissible levels of power frequency electric field, the staff must use personal protective equipment. Requirements for such means are regulated by the system of occupational safety standards.

The goal of this work is analyzed new requirements for power frequency and induced personal protective equipment in the regulatory interstate standards GOST 12.4.172 and GOST 12.4.283.

The personal protective equipment new requirements for various types of work are substantiated to electrical personnel health safety during the maintenance and operation of power grid facilities.

Increasing requirements for personal protective equipment improves the staff protection at ground potential and at wire potential, including in emergency situations such as induced and step voltage.

Introduction. Monitoring and ensuring safe operating conditions of modern base stations for occupational and general public exposure is relevant with the use of methods for measuring electromagnetic fields, which allow to assess the contribution of different sources to the overall level of the electromagnetic background, taking into account the dynamic features of base stations and the spectral electromagnetic characteristics.

The aim of study is the levels of electromagnetic fields assessment from modern base stations using broadband and selective measurement methods, as well as the possibility of predicting the worst exposure conditions.

Materials and methods. The levels of electromagnetic fields from base stations according to the LTE2600 standard were evaluated at the maximum transmission traffic (laboratory mearements) and at real variable traffic (field measurements). For broadband measurements, the power density (PD) was estimated, for selective measurements, the PD level in the LTE frequency channel (frequency-selective measurements) and the PD level of the reference signal (code-selective measurements) were evaluated. The theoretical maximum PD level was calculated from the maximum value of the reference signal.

Results. When simulating the maximum intensity of data traffic, the PD level in the LTE channel was 94.51-101.39% of the calculated maximum value. According to field measurements, the values of electromagnetic field levels obtained from frequency-selective measurements in the LTE frequency channel were less than the corresponding values estimated from the results of broadband measurements, and were no more than 25% of the theoretical maximum.

Conclusions. The use of selective approach and measurement methods made it possible to estimate the maximum possible contribution of a single source to the overall level of the electromagnetic background and to predict the worst conditions for human exposure.

Introduction. Oil industry workers are exposed to some work environment factors of specific natural and climatic conditions.

The aim of study is to conduct an assessment of the group occupational risk of health disorders in the conditions of working in open territories in cold seasons.

Materials and methods. The object of the study was workers who carry out labor operations in an open area during cold seasons: operators of a desalting and dehydrating unit, mechanists of compressor units, mechanists for pumping a working agent into the reservoir and repairmen of the oil producing company located in Western Siberia. The assessment of a priori group risk from the impact of industrial noise, exposure to chemicals in the air of the work environment, while body vibration, factors of the work environment and the climate of cold seasons in the conditions of working in open areas and in unheated rooms was carried out according to the combined model of professional risk assessment developed by A.V. Meltser, A.V. Kiselev.

Results. We ranked the workplaces of the studied professional groups according to the degree of health hazard. It has been established that the greatest danger, from the point of view of the methodology of professional risk, is the workplace of an operator of the central tank desalting and dehydrating unit of the oil preparation and delivery unit. The leading factor for the development of occupational and nonspecific pathology within a studied enterprise is industrial noise. At the same time, the climate in cold seasons in the conditions of working in open areas makes a significant contribution to the development of occupational and nonspecific pathology.

Conclusions. Assessment of the a priori occupational risk of health disorders among oil company workers engaged in labor operations in an open area during a cold season made it possible to establish priority work place in which it is advisable to carry out priority medical and preventive measures. The implemented system of hygienic assessment of occupational factors should take into account the effect of the climatic and weather conditions on workers’ health in the region of residence.

Introduction. It is known that the influence of lead and cadmium is a risk factor for the health of workers in the copper smelting industry. The relationship between exposure to these metals and the subsequent development of diseases of the urinary system, gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular and nervous system of a person was revealed. The study of the effects of lead and cadmium in an experiment on some organs of laboratory animals using the cytological method of smears-prints with morphometric analysis as an Express diagnostic method expands the possibilities of studying the toxic effects of heavy metal salts in various concentrations.

Materials and methods. The experiment was conducted on outbred male rats (24 individuals in total) with an initial weight of 220-225 g, at the age of 3.5 months. 72 cytological preparations of smears-prints of organs (liver, kidneys) and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) of rats were studied. The smears were painted with a ready-made Leishman paint solution. Cytological features were studied in a Carl Zeiss Primo Star light binocular microscope with a USCMOS video camera imaging system at magnification of 100x and 1000x. In liver and kidney morphometry, the count was carried out for 200 cells from each drug, MLN for 100 cells.

The data of cytomorphological examination of smears-prints of the liver, kidneys and MLN after exposure to cadmium and lead salts in the experiment were obtained. The main changes in the cellular ratios in preparations with subchronic intraperitoneal intoxication are described.

Conclusions. The use of the smear-fingerprint method with cytomorphological assessment of cells in the study of the toxic effects of heavy metal salts allows us to obtain additional data on the activity of the pathological process and plays a role in understanding the mechanisms of exposure in the experiment.

Introduction. Due to the increased psychoemotional load, the emergence of new sources of chemical, physical and microbiological effects on the health of medical workers, the study of the incidence of this category of workers is becoming increasingly important.

The aim of study is to study social and hygienic issues related to the assessment of working conditions and health status of medical workers in the Samara Region. Materials and methods. Retrospective analysis of the results of medical and social monitoring of working conditions, health status and occupational morbidity of medical workers in the Samara Region.

Results. Based on the analysis of data from the sanitary and epidemiological service and the Ministry of Health of the Samara Region on demographic and socio-economic situations, morbidity, and labor characteristics of medical workers in the Samara Region, a socio-hygienic assessment of working conditions of medical workers at the regional level was carried out. The high informative value of medical and demographic indicators in relation to the assessment of the impact of factors of the production environment on the health of health care workers and social services is shown. It is established that medical organizations generally do not meet the requirements of the current sanitary legislation in terms of ensuring safe working conditions for employees who come into contact with carcinogenic substances.

Conclusions. The study of the demographic, socio-economic situation, and morbidity of medical workers with a hygienic assessment of health risk is a priority and serves as the basis for a comparative analysis of their morbidity and material for comprehensive hygiene studies.

Introduction. Currently, it is important to develop preventive measures aimed at preserving and strengthening the health of employees, including those developed taking into account the results of occupational risk.

The aim of study is to calculate the individual health risk of workers in the mining and oil-producing industries caused by exposure to industrial noise, taking into account the severity of the disease.

Materials and methods. Mathematical models reflecting the "exposure-response" relationship were used to assess the probability of responses from the impact of factors of the production environment and the labor process, as well as to determine the probability of deviation of predictor indicators. The individual health risk of employees was calculated by multiplying the probability of a response to its severity. For probable occupational diseases, the risk was calculated taking into account the probability of developing the disease in employees with a deviation of tread indicators.

Results. The values of individual risk to the health of mining workers due to the development of sensorineural hearing loss ranged from 1.18∙10^-2 to 1.46∙10^-1. The risk to the health of oil industry workers caused by the occurrence of production-related arterial hypertension exceeds the permissible level of 13% of people from the observation group and ranges from 1∙10^-3 to 24∙10^-3.

Conclusions. The analysis of changes in the value of occupational risk in employees over time, conducted on the basis of mathematical models, allows you to predict the long-term consequences associated with the impact of production factors. The results of this analysis can be used in the development of preventive measures at both the group and individual levels.

Introduction. Suspended particles in ambient air of cities increase the risk of developing respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. At the same time, data on the role of suspended particles in the formation and complication of the course of bronchial asthma (BA) are extremely limited.

The aim of study was to substantiate the design of a study to study the effect of fine suspended particles in atmospheric air on the development of the T2 endotype of BA. The design of a "case-control" study was developed and implemented, including patients with the T2-endotype of BA and persons in the control group. In order to verify the diagnosis of BA, General clinical methods of examination and specific allergological examination are used.

In parallel, the quantitative characteristics and qualitative composition of suspended particles in atmospheric air are studied with the determination of the mass of suspended particles, dispersion, chemical and microbiological (muldi-tof mass spectrometry, PCR analysis) composition. Atmospheric air samples will be collected using a cascade impactor in the area where patients with bronchial asthma and control groups live. For each fraction, the following will be analyzed: suspended particle mass, dispersion, chemical and microbiological (muldi-tof mass spectrometry, PCR analysis) composition.

Conclusions. The study will assess the risk of T2-endotype formation of bronchial asthma with various quantitative and qualitative characteristics of suspended microparticles in the atmospheric air.

Introduction. The most susceptible to lead is the hematopoietic system of hematopoietic organs due to lead inhibition of heme and globin synthesis and cytotoxic effect on the membrane of Mature red blood cells.

The aim of study was to evaluate the informative value of the study of erythrocyte and reticulocyte parameters determined on modern hematological analyzers in patients working in contact with lead during medical and biological monitoring.

Materials and methods. 45 employees of the lead battery processing plant and 30 persons of control group were examined. The level of lead in the blood was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry, δ-ALA in the urine-by the reaction of pyrol formation with acetylacetone in terms of gram of creatinine, the study of hematological parameters was performed on a Sysmex HT-2000i analyzer. Statistical processing of the results was performed using the program STATISTICA 10.0.

Results. Significant changes in erythrocytic (RDW) and reticulocytic (RET, IRF, LFR, MFR, HFR, RET-He) parameters, erythropoietin in workers in contact with lead compared to the control group, changes in MCV, MCH, RDW, RET indicators in the group working in dynamics after 2 years were revealed. Associations of hematological parameters with biomarkers of exposure and effect (lead level in blood and ALA in urine) were revealed.

Conclusions. Assessment of erythrocyte (MCV, MCH, RDW) and reticulocyte parameters (RET% and their distribution by maturity) in dynamics during periodic medical examinations of workers in contact with lead allows us to detect the development of hematological disorders at early stages.

Introduction. The correct assessment of air pollution by fibrous particles allows controlling the risks of their exposure for workers and the general population. The indices for control of air pollution by fibrous particles differs from established for other dusts. The main control methods are optical and electron microscopy. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages, which should be reflected in the national regulatory framework.

The aim of study — to test the modern methods for the control of air pollution by fibrous particles.

Materials and methods. A comparative analysis of modern methods for controlling air pollution by fibres with practical testing of determining their numerical concentrations by the method of membrane filters using optical phase contrast (PCOM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed.

Results. Based on field studies performed in various industries, the advantages and disadvantages of the methods used in the world to control air pollution by fibrous particles were evaluated.

Conclusions. The main methods for determining fibers in the air are PCM and SEM/EDXA. The development of regulatory documents for calculating the numerical concentrations in the work area air and in the ambient air will help to ensure the correct risk assessments for occupational and non-occupational exposure of fibrous particles.

Introduction. Employees of the chemical industry engaged in the production of phthalic anhydride are characterized by multi-level morphofunctional disorders of the health profile, characterized by an imbalance in the regulation of metabolism, sensitization of the body, membranotoxic effects, and the formation of secondary immunodeficiency.

The aim of study was to assess the immune status of workers engaged in the production of phthalic anhydride.

Materials and methods. The observation group included workers in contact with phthalic anhydride (31 persons). The comparison group consisted of administrative employees who were not in contact with phthalic anhydride (23 persons). Chemical exposure in the workplace is associated with the presence of phthalic anhydride — a harmful substance of hazard class 2. The full lymphocytes was performed on a flow cytometer FАСSСаlibur company "Beсtоn Diсkinsоn". The expression level of p53 and TNFR was determined using the corresponding MCAT. Cancer markers (CA 19-9, CEA, PSA) were determined by enzyme immunoassay. Changes in the content of phthalic anhydride-specific IgE were determined in an allergosorbent test with an enzyme label. The statistical analysis was performed using the software package Stаtistiса 6.0. The reliability of differences between the groups were considered significant at p<0.05.

Results. A significant deficiency in the content of the CD95+ cell death receptor relative to the reference level was established (p<0.05). There is a significant overexpression of the TNFR receptor in relation to the norm and the comparison group (2.5 times) (p<0.05). The level of p53 expression was significantly increased in relation to the comparison group (p<0.05). The observation group had an increased level of cancer markers CA 19-9, CEA, and PSA relative to the comparison group (p<0.05). There was a significantly increased content of IgE specific to phthalic anhydride (by its metabolite phthalic acid) in relation to the reference level (in 61.6%) and the comparison group (p<0.05). The results obtained verify the information in the scientific literature about the nature of the effect of phthalic anhydride on the immune system, its ability to cause allergic reactions (IgE specific to phthalic anhydride).

Conclusions. Thus, the employees employed at the phthalic anhydride production facility had significantly reduced CD95+ levels, overexpression of TNFR, p53, CA 19-9, CEA, PSA, as well as hyperproduction of phthalic anhydride-specific reagins, which indicates insufficient immune control over the duration of the cell life cycle, and does not exclude the development of allergic, autoimmune, and oncoproliferative scenarios of production-related pathology.

Introduction. In the course of their professional activities, traffic police inspectors of State Road Safety Inspectorate (SRSI) are exposed to harmful working conditions.

The aim of study is to provide scientific justification for the periods of service of inspectors that are important for the diagnosis of early signs of professionally caused diseases.

Materials and methods. The study was carried out in a group of traffic police inspectors of the traffic police in accordance with the ethical standards set forth in the Declaration of Helsinki, 1975 (with additions, 1983), a positive conclusion of the ethical committee. The age of the traffic police officers was 24–50 years old, the experience was 1–19 years (average values 34±0.46 and 8.21±0.40 years).

Results. In the course of the study, a class of working conditions was determined-3.4. low-level traffic police officers showed signs of disadaptation, a high risk of morbidity with temporary disability and professionally caused pathology of the cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, nervous, endocrine, and digestive systems.

Conclusions. It is advisable to conduct an in-depth preventive medical examination of inspectors after 1-2 years of service. The first 4 years of service are important for preventive measures.

Introduction. The health of the working population is one of the most important conditions for the sustainable economic development of any country. In the industrial regions of Russia, the production activity of enterprises in the extractive and manufacturing industries leads to an increase in mortality rates of the working-age population, an increase in general and occupational morbidity.

The aim of study was to study the mortality rate of the working-age population in large industrial regions — Kemerovo and Irkutsk regions with unfavorable environmental conditions and a high proportion of workers employed in harmful and hazardous working conditions.

Materials and methods. On the basis of data from Rosstat and the Ministry of Natural Resources of the Russian Federation, socio-economic characteristics, environmental conditions, working conditions were analyzed in the regions, and age-standardized mortality rates of the working-age population were calculated.

Results. The performed research showed that in the Kemerovo and Irkutsk regions. compared with Russia, the mortality rates of the working-age population from diseases of the respiratory system, cardiovascular system, and malignant neoplasms were increased, i.e. from those causes of death that may be etiologically related to the production activities of industrial enterprises.

Conclusions. In industrial regions with a high share of the mining and manufacturing industries, workers are exposed to the negative impact of environmental and industrial factors, which is reflected in the causes and mortality rates of this category of the population.

Introduction. The use of classical methods for diagnosing muscle fatigue of physical workers, including dynamometry and electromyography, is often limited due to the complexity of the process, the inability to use them in production, and the subjectivity of the methodology. At the same time, such a method as myotonometry does not have these disadvantages, but the main area of its use at the moment is clinical practice.

The aim of study was to determine the possibility of using myotonometry to assess muscle fatigue.

Materials and methods. In the course of the study, the biomechanical characteristics of muscles that differ in their depth were evaluated using the "MyotonPro" device (Myoton AS, Estonia). We determined the tone and stiffness of the biceps of the shoulder, the soleus muscle, and the muscle that straightens the back at different periods of time under the influence of maximum load on them.

Results. It was found that the studied parameters of these muscles immediately after performing a series of exercises "to failure" statistically significantly increased, and after 30 minutes — again decreased, but did not reach the initial level.

Conclusions. The myotonometric study showed objectivity, reliability, repeatability and proved to be one of the most promising modern methods for assessing muscle fatigue, including for solving problems in the field of occupational health.