Introduction. To date, issues related to the protection of medical workers from COVID-19 infection, including immunological protection, are of particular interest.

The aim of the study was to explore seroprevalence of the IgG to SARS-CoV-2 N-protein in various groups of medical workers with the following assessment of the risk of COVID-19, depending on the seropositivity and occupational group.

Materials and methods. The study of the strength of immunity to COVID-19 was carried out within the framework of the large-scale Rospotrebnadzor program to assess population immunity to the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the population of the Russian Federation, considering the protocol recommended by WHO, on the basis of the laboratories of the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Republic of Tatarstan. From the sample of the study conducted in the Republic of Tatarstan, medical workers (301) were selected without a history of a new coronavirus infection and with no clinical symptoms of this disease at the time of biomaterial sampling (June 2020); the absence of the transferred new coronavirus infection was verified by the Unified State Information System "Electronic Health of the Republic of Tatarstan". The comparison group included 52 employees belonging to the engineering and technical personnel and not employed in medical institutions who met the above inclusion criteria. In the aggregate, the observation group (medical workers and the comparison group) included 12.1% of the participants in the population study.

Results. The rate of seropositivity was 36.5% in the control groups, 23.7% — in doctors, and 38.9% — in nurses. Compared to doctors, seroprevalence was higher in nurses. The employment of medical workers in temporary infectious diseases hospitals did not affect the production of the IgG to SARS-CoV-2 N-protein. A relatively low prevalence of seropositivity among doctors of temporary infectious diseases hospitals was revealed.

The probability of seroconversion decreased with age and did not depend on gender or history of recent contacts with COVID-19 patients.

The survival analysis showed that the probability of remaining healthy by the end of the follow-up was the lowest among doctors from medical and preventive institutions that did not serve as temporary infectious diseases hospitals. The risk of COVID-19 in seronegative individuals was higher, but without statistical significance.

Conclusion. According to the data of immunological studies for the presence of IgG antibodies to the nucleocapsid protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, it was found that the prevalence of seroprevalence in nurses is significantly higher than that of doctors, nurses of medical and prophylactic organizations of young age have higher seroprevalence to the nucleocapsid protein of the SARS-CoV-2. According to prospective observation, it was revealed that doctors of medical and prophylactic organizations that are not classified as temporary infectious diseases hospitals have a higher risk of developing a symptomatic form of COVID-19, which may be due to both the insufficient effectiveness of anti-epidemic measures and the peculiarities of the immune response and approaches, used to evaluate it. In the current epidemic situation, the detection of IgG antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 virus can be used to decide on the distribution of responsibilities among medical personnel.

Introduction. Preserving and strengthening the health of the working population is one of the priority tasks in the Russian Federation.

According to the "Concept of the Demographic Policy of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2025", approved by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 135 of 09.10.2007, measures to reduce the mortality rate of the population, primarily citizens of working age, should include measures to reduce the mortality rate and injuries from industrial accidents and occupational diseases.

The study aims to assess the relationship of health disorders with work for certain classes of diseases and the indicator of loss of life years, adjusted for the disability of workers (DALY-disability-adjusted life years), shops of pyrometallurgical nickel refining.

Materials and methods. We performed a study on JSC "Kola Mining and Metallurgical Company" (JSC "Kola MMC"), which produces and processes copper-nickel ores located in the European part of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation (Murmansk Region), which makes and processes copper-nickel ores.

To assess the relationship of health disorders with work, we used the results of mandatory periodic medical examinations of 2113 employees engaged in pyrometallurgical refining of nickel and copper.

Results. In the context of individual classes of diseases, experts established a statistically significant decrease in the incidence of diseases of the nervous system, skin and subcutaneous tissue, musculoskeletal system, and conditions of the genitourinary system.

The conducted assessment of the connection of these health disorders with working conditions in workers of pyrometallurgical production of nickel and copper showed the presence of an average degree of contact with the impact on the body of a complex of harmful production factors of such health disorders as diseases of the nervous system, skin and subcutaneous tissue, musculoskeletal and genitourinary systems.

We evaluated the effectiveness of the measures carried out using the DALY-analysis method. As a result, the researchers found a reduction in this total indicator of health loss among workers of pyrometallurgical refined nickel from 218.8 to 184.6 years (by 17.8%).

Conclusions. A comprehensive assessment of health losses by the DALY analysis method indicates a significant reduction in the burden of diseases among workers of pyrometallurgical nickel refining by 15.6%, including among men — by 12.5%, among women — by 28.3%. The economic efficiency of the implemented wellness program in JSC "Kola MMC" showed that the total prevented economic damage due to reducing diseases associated with labor activity amounted to 119.3 thousand rubles per employee of metallurgical production on average for the year. The prevented economic damage resulting from the reduction of occupational diseases per employee amounted to 10.4 thousand rubles per year.

Introduction. It is necessary to consider the employee's age and health status to increase the reliability and accuracy of predicting occupational risk based on working conditions. Moreover, knowledge about the age dynamics of a person's working capacity is also required to preserve its longevity in pre-retirement and retirement age.

The length of the working week (LWW) and work intensity (WI) often become the primary risk of chronic fatigue and related diseases. The latter is common among employees of industrial enterprises, doctors, teachers.

The study aims to research the age dynamics of working capacity and the risk of industrial fatigue of employees of industrial enterprises, education and healthcare.

Materials and methods. We examined six groups of employees. The central employees of large factories: workers engaged in regional physical labor (GR 1.1, 1175 people) and precision work (GR 1.2, 708 people), specialists, and managers (GR 1.3, 307 people). Medical workers (GR 2, 1041 people). University teachers (GR 3.1, 694 people). School teachers (GR 3.2, 130 people).

Researchers studied groups by different methods, depending on the degree of diversity of the content of labor actions during the working day and their variation by days of the working week. We used the survey method to determine the degree, frequency, and duration of employee fatigue.

Results. All factory workers in the age range of 18–49 years have a monotonous increase in the risk of severe fatigue at work (SFW) due to the rise in fatigue disappearance and increasing the intensity of work (IW). With an increase in the age of employees, GR 1.2 IW and working week duration (WWD) do not decrease, but all indicators of the physiological cost of maintaining the level of labor productivity increase. In workers of GR 2 and GR 3.1, the value of SWF in the age group of 30–40 years is from 6 to 14%, which is two times lower than in GR 1.1 and GR 1.2. In group GR 3.1, there is a lowering of the value of WI. We tend to reduce SFW up to 70–75 years of age; 20–35% of teachers have WWD more than 50 hours. The greatest WWD we observe at the age of 50–60 years. Also, we follow the lowering of WWD in healthcare workers, while it monotonically decreases with age.

Teachers have increased WI, and there is no age-related tendency to decrease the value of SWF in them. The most significant number of university employees falls in the age group of 60–64 years and GR 1.2 — on the age of 30–34 years.

Conclusions. The age dynamics of working capacity we consider as a process of biological aging of the body, the speed of which depends on the psychophysiological requirements of labor standards and the degree of their fatigue.With a tiring level of labor intensity, when the performance of labor standards requires the employee to speed and volume of sensorimotor tasks, performance decreases significantly with age. With regional physical labor without increased requirements for the accuracy of visual-motor reactions, performance decreases at the age of 51–55 years to 0.9; at 56–60 years — to 0.8; in 61–65 years — up to 0.75. With high sensorimotor requirements, performance decreases earlier and more significantly — at the age of 46–50 years to 0.7, at 51–55 years to 0.5, at the age of more than 55 years, the ability to fulfill labor standards decreases two times. With tireless work, when its result depends not on its physiological intensity (density and pace of labor actions), but on the knowledge and experience of the employee, the ability of a person to fulfill labor standards remains up to 75 years, and there is no age decrement of working capacity. Therefore, the indicator "long working hours per week" (extended hours) is a risk factor for employees' health only when combined with the physiological intensity of work that causes their fatigue on working days.

Introduction. Prolonged exposure to coal-rock dust affects the formation of the pathology of the bronchopulmonary and cardiovascular systems.

Pneumoconiosis occupies one of the leading places among occupational diseases. On the other hand, arterial hypertension occupies a top place among production-related diseases.

Timely identification and correction of traditional and professional risk factors is a main point in preventing diseases of the circulatory system in workers in harmful working conditions.

Thus, identifying the most significant risk factors for the development of arterial hypertension of miners with anthracosilicosis is an urgent task.

The study aims to identify the most significant professional and non-professional risk factors for the development of arterial hypertension in miners with anthracosilicosis.

Materials and methods. We examined 269 miners working in underground dust conditions: 139 miners with a previously established diagnosis of anthracosilicosis and 130 miners of the control group without dust pathology of the lungs.

The researchers conducted a comprehensive laboratory and clinical and instrumental examination to detect arterial hypertension and risk factors for the development of cardiovascular pathology.

Results. Arterial hypertension among miners with anthracosilicosis is two times more common (42.4%) than in the control group (20.8%).

Miners aged 50 years and older have the greatest risk of developing arterial hypertension. Also, the presence of fasting hyperglycemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, abdominal type of obesity, hypersthenic constitutional-morphological type according to the Rice–Eysenck index, blood group AB (IV).

We identified professional risk factors for the development of arterial hypertension: work experience in harmful working conditions of 25 years or more, the level of the dustiness of the active area exceeding the maximum permissible concentrations by ten or more times.

Conclusions. In coal mine workers with anthracosilicosis, arterial hypertension is more common than in the control group, which may indicate that this occupational pathology is an independent risk factor for the development of arterial hypertension. 

Scientists identified the most significant professional and non-professional risk factors, the elimination of which will reduce the likelihood of developing arterial hypertension in miners with anthracosilicosis.

Currently, the problem of parenteral viral hepatitis HBV and HCV has become extremely urgent due to an increase in morbidity, an increase in the number of patients with chronic forms of infection, and high mortality rates from complications. 

The aim of the study consists in considering the level of prevalence of the incidence of hepatitis viruses HBV and HCV among medical personnel in the Northwestern Federal District (NWFD), assessing the potential risk of infecting this group of workers while performing their professional duties.

Analyzed the reporting forms of the FBUZ «Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Leningrad Region» on the frequency of detection of the surface antigen of the hepatitis B virus (HBsAg) and antibodies to viral hepatitis C (anti-HCV) among various population groups in 2009–2017; form No. 60/u FBUZ Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the city of St. Petersburg on the registration of primary cases of hepatitis among the population of St. Petersburg for 2007–2017. Retrospective analysis of a sample from the medical history of 227 patients with established occupational diseases (PD) from the influence of a biological factor.

As a result of the study, it was found that out of 227 health workers in the Northwestern Federal District, viral hepatitis B and C were officially diagnosed in 4 patients, which is 1.7% of all established cases of occupational diseases (3 doctors and 1 nurse). In the Leningrad region for the period from 2009 to 2015, the incidence of the hepatitis virus HBV among medical personnel varied in the range of 0.1–0.3 per 10,000 people. The morbidity rate of hospital patients was significantly higher, which created a certain risk of infection of health workers in the process of work. But at the same time, over 6 years, the incidence of HCV infection among medical personnel has halved from (0.2 in 2009 to 0.1 in 2015). 

The incidence of MR in the NWFD with viral hepatitis HBV and HCV is not high among the entire population as a whole and in a number of individual groups of the population (pregnant women and patients admitted to the hospital for planned surgical interventions), but and at the current level of disease, the registration of all 4 patients with an officially established diagnosis of occupational hepatitis over 17 years suggests the presence of significant shortcomings in the system of investigating the causes of hepatitis MR virus HBV and HCV infection. In particular, it seems expedient when registering a case of blood contact hepatitis in MR, to record in the reporting documents not only his profession and place of work, but also his specialty with an indication of the risk of infection that existed in the process of work when in contact with the blood of patients.

Anxiety and depression can be comorbid diseases, or they can also be psychogenic complications for information about your condition. Therefore, it is essential to know how the patient's personality reacts to the awareness of his illness.

The study aims to conduct a comparative analysis of indicators of anxiety and depression in patients of the occupational health clinic with various diseases, including COVID-19. Based on the screening results, we studied the need to change the tactics of organizing psychological and psychiatric care for the treatment of anxiety and depression in the Occupational Diseases Clinic after its conversion to treat patients with COVID-19.

Human health and efficiency are largely determined by the microclimate conditions and the air quality in residential, public and industrial buildings in which people spend a significant amount of time. The existing methods of measuring microclimate indicators largely do not correspond to the changed regulatory framework, do not fully reflect all the stages of measurements, have contradictions and inaccuracies, which leads to errors in the measurement and evaluation of the results obtained. The purpose of this study was to develop guidelines for measuring microclimate indicators in residential and public buildings, leveling the existing contradictions in the current documents and meeting modern requirements.

The analysis of the current methodological documents regulating the requirements for measuring microclimate indicators was carried out, the main problems encountered by specialists during measurements and evaluation of laboratory and instrumental studies of the microclimate were identified and systematized.

To date, the only methodological document in the field of microclimate for residential and public buildings is GOST 30494-2011 "Residential and public buildings. Indoor microclimate parameters".  This standard sets the requirements for the organization of control and allows to measure and evaluate the microclimate in almost any residential and public building. However, the standard presents requirements for measurement conditions that are practically unrealizable for many regions of Russia, unreasonably high requirements for measuring instruments (MI), which do not allow to take measurements by MI included in the State Register and having the appropriate scope of application, insufficient requirements for the criteria for the selection of premises and their preparation for an objective assessment of the microclimate parameters, inaccuracies in the presented formulas for calculating the resulting room temperature and inconsistencies in individual paragraphs of the document.  There are also no requirements for processing and presenting measurement results.  In this situation, the development of a methodology for measuring microclimate indicators in residential and public buildings is extremely relevant. This paper presents the main provisions of the developed draft methodology for measuring microclimate indicators in residential and public buildings at different stages of operation of research objects.

The developed procedural guidelines determine the order, conditions for carrying out and minimum scope of instrumental control required for microclimate parameters in residential and public buildings that meet the requirements of sanitary legislation. In the process of procedural guidelines development inconsistencies and discrepancies of current procedural documents were considered as much as possible.

The study of professionally significant individual-psychological features of employees of law enforcement units in relation to the leading type of activity, including taking into account professional experience, is an actual scientific and practical issue. The identification of the requirements of the profile activity imposed on the employee, the assessment of different-level individual-psychological qualities allows to draw a conclusion about the effectiveness and suitability of the employee for the profession. The professional experience of employees of law enforcement agencies significantly affects the features of stress response, decision-making, motives for official activity, and the state of maladjustment.

The study aims to identification of individual-psychological characteristics of law enforcement officers with different profiles and professional experience.

179 male law enforcement officers (average age — 30,2±6,2 years, average professional experience — 7,5±6,1 years) were examined. The employees were divided into 3 groups, depending on the type of professional activity. Group 1 consisted of employees of the security profile (n=67), group 2 — of the communicative-informational profile (n=46), group 3 — of the inspector-communication profile (n=66). The subjects were further divided into subgroups with professional experience up to 9 years inclusive and with experience of 10 or more years. The methodological complex includes: Self-control questionnaire; Behavior Activation and Inhibition questionnaire; Test Technology of Psychosemantic Analysis — Semantic Analysis of Activity (Noss I.N., 2009); Test Problem Situation Analysis (Noss I.N., 2009); a modification of the S. Rosenzweig Frustration Toleration Test (Noss I.N., Ignatkin V.N., 1997).

The employees of the security profile were distinguished by the predominance of intropunitive reactions and fixation on the obstacle when assessing the conflict from their own position, high physical activity. Individuals of the communicative-informational profile were distinguished by impunitive reactions, fixation on self-defense and satisfaction of needs, high inhibition of behavior to negative stimuli, high activation of behavior, and high efficiency of resolving problem situations when assessing the conflict from an external position. Persons of the inspector-communication profile were distinguished by high rates of extrapunitive reactions in the whole, unrestrained affect of irritation, preference for simple tasks, low inhibition of behavior. The classification in a group of the security profile with high professional experience contribute: a preference for simple tasks, high activation to promote; in the group of communicative-informational and inspector-communication profile — high activation of achieving the goal. The generalized group of law enforcement officers with 10 years or more of experience in assessing the conflict from their own position was distinguished by the severity of extrapunitive reactions and fixation on the obstacle and on self-defense, the predominance of unrestrained affect of irritation, preference for simple tasks, low inhibition of behavior to negative stimuli.

The results obtained allow us to conclude that there are differences in the psychological profile of law enforcement officers with different types of official activities and work experience. The profile of employees of communication-information activities was more consistent with the universal personal and professional qualities required for employees of law enforcement agencies in terms of psychophysiological qualities. Least consistent with a universal professional requirements officers of inspector-communication activities, which was reflected in low capacity for learning, reducing the effectiveness of problem-solving, emotional instability. With an increase in the length of professional experience, there is a predominance of externally blaming response strategies and low self-control.