Introduction. The renin-angiotensin system is considered part of the endocrine system, responsible for regulating blood pressure and fluid and electrolyte balance. However, this system is also present locally in various tissues, including the lungs, where it plays a role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and fibrotic processes.

The study aims to investigate the presence of associations between polymorphisms of the genes encoding proteins of the renin-angiotensin system and the development and severity of occupational lung diseases.

Materials and methods. The study included patients with established diagnoses of occupational lung diseases: occupational bronchial asthma (n=136), occupational chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n=63), silicosis (n=42), a comparison group of 80 workers exposed to industrial aerosols with more than 10 years of work experience without lung diseases. An identification of polymorphic variants of the genes AGT rs699, rs5186, REN rs2368564, ACE rs1799752, AGTR1 rs5186, AGTR2 rs1403543 was conducted.

Results. Associations of the studied genetic markers with the development of professional occupational lung diseases were revealed: AGTR2 rs1403543 polymorphism increases the risk of developing occupational asthma (OR=1.929, 95% CI 1.067–3.488), ACE rs1799752 and AGT rs699 polymorphisms — the risk of developing occupational COPD from exposure to welding aerosol (OR=2.844, 95% CI 1.253–6.458 and OR=3.059, 95% CI 1.259–7.433, respectively), ACE rs1799752 polymorphism is associated with earlier development of asthma upon contact with metal allergens, AGTR1 rs5186 polymorphism — with the development of silicosis. Polymorphisms AGT rs699, rs5186, AGTR2 rs1403543 increase the risk of developing emphysema in occupational bronchial asthma.

Conclusions. The obtained results demonstrate the significance of genetic polymorphisms of renin-angiotensin system proteins in the development and progression of occupational lung diseases. Promising genetic markers for further study were identified (genetic polymorphisms AGT rs699, rs4762, ACE rs1799752, AGTR1 rs5186, AGTR2 rs1403543), which may contribute to risk assessment, severity prediction, and phenotyping of occupational lung diseases.

Limitations. The study is limited to a sample of the surveyed.

Ethics. The study was conducted in compliance with ethical standards for conducting medical research involving humans in accordance with the requirements of the Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Association. The study was approved by the conclusion of the local Ethics committee of the FSBSI IRIOH (protocol of the meeting of the Ethics Committee of the FSBSI IRIOH No. 5 dated 08/02/2023).

Contributions:
Kuzmina L.P. — concept and design, editing;
Khotuleva A.G. — concept and design, collecting and processing data, conducting laboratory tests, text writing, editing;
Hermassi O. — collecting data, conducting laboratory tests, text writing;
Khokhlova O.V. — collecting and processing data, conducting laboratory tests, text writing.

Funding. The study had no funding.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received: 19.11.2025 / Accepted: 20.11.2025 / Published: 10.12.2025

Introduction. The structure and prevalence of occupational and occupational-related pathology largely depends on the level of non-compliance with sanitary and hygienic standards of the harmful factors of the working environment at industrial facilities, as well as the completeness and quality of mandatory preliminary and periodic medical examinations of employees. Occupational health is actively studying the relationship between the hygienic parameters of production and the clinical and physiological parameters of the body to assess the occupational risk of pathological changes in the health status of workers, and therefore an interdisciplinary approach to the study of this issue is extremely relevant.

The study aims to provide scientific substantiation of methodological approaches to assessing the occupational risk of upper respiratory tract pathology in workers of caustic soda production.

Materials and methods. The authors have studied the peculiarities of the health status of 292 employees of a caustic soda production company. The work uses a set of hygienic, clinical, laboratory, morphological, instrumental, and statistical research methods.

Results. The risk of upper respiratory tract pathology among employees of a caustic soda production plant is determined by a chemical factor due to the predominant content of chlorine gas and metallic mercury in the air of the working area. Researchers have established the peculiarities of the formation of pathological processes in the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract and bronchopulmonary system in workers of caustic soda production, depending on the variants and combinations of the influencing chemicals.

The study identified key indicators characterizing the effect of chemicals on the state of the respiratory tract. These include: a shift in the pH of nasal secretions to the alkaline side, a violation of the functional integrity of the epithelial layer of the upper respiratory tract, expressed in a decrease in its transport activity, as well as morphometric changes manifested in an increase in the index of alteration of ciliated and multilayered squamous epithelium, indicating a violation of the regulation of physiological processes in the respiratory system, which can have negative consequences for her general condition. Further research in this area may contribute to the development of effective strategies for the prevention and correction of the negative effects of exposure to industrial aerosols on the health of workers.

Limitations. The study is limited to a sample of individuals from certain professional groups.

Conclusion. The risk of developing upper respiratory tract pathology in employees of caustic soda enterprises is due to a chemical factor with a predominant content of chlorine gas and metallic mercury in the air of the work area. Based on the results of the study of functional and morphometric shifts in the upper respiratory tract, the authors identified approaches to early diagnosis, prediction of the development of respiratory pathology and minimization of negative consequences for the health of workers in professional contact with caustic soda chemicals.

Ethics. The survey of employees was conducted in accordance with the Ethical standard of the Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Association "Ethical principles of conducting scientific medical research with human participation". All the surveyed signed an informed consent to participate in the study. There is a conclusion of the Local Ethics Committee of the

National Medical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngology (Protocol No. 04/2016 dated 09/07/2016).

Contributions:
Fedina I.N. — concept and design of research, text editing;
Uchurov A.G. — collection and processing of material, statistical data processing, writing text;
Serebryakov P.V. — research design, statistical data processing, text editing;
Bolshakov A.V. — material processing, statistical data processing, text writing;
Fayzova Yu.M. — research concept, material processing;
Pankova V.B. — research concept, text editing.

Funding. The study had no funding.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received: 21.10.2025 / Accepted: 12.11.2025 / Published: 10.12.2025

Introduction. The multiplicity of environmental factors affecting the body of workers in the aluminum industry is combined with the nature of the influence of multicomponent finely dispersed suspensions detected in the air of electrolysis enclosures, the predominant among which are fluorides, which have a systemic effect on the functional state of the body. The development of bronchopulmonary pathology is determined by a complex of systemic, metabolic, and hemodynamic disorders associated with individual risk. The polymorphism of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS3) gene makes a significant contribution to the differentiation of respiratory disorders against the background of chronic intoxication, which determines the need to study the associative links of eNOS3 with the development of comorbid respiratory pathology in metallurgists.

The study aims to research the prognostic relationship of polymorphism 4a/4b of the VNTR4 locus of the eNOS3 gene in metallurgists with the development of respiratory pathology occurring against the background of chronic fluoride intoxication.

Materials and methods. The scientists conducted a survey of 85 aluminum production workers with chronic fluoride intoxication combined with respiratory tract diseases and a comparison group of 61 people without an established diagnosis.

The PCR method was used to perform a genetic analysis of the VNTR4 polymorphism of the eNOS3 gene and to determine its prognostic value in the development of respiratory dysfunction.

Results. Non-ferrous metallurgy workers have an associative association of the VNTR4-eNOS3 locus with concomitant bronchopulmonary pathology on the background of chronic fluoride intoxication. The distribution of the studied genotypes corresponded to the law of population equilibrium. It was shown that genotype 4a/4a is associated (χ²=5.4498; OR=2.4654; p=0.0195) with the development of combined respiratory pathologies and 4a/4b VNTR (χ²=7.1681; OR=4.4231; p=0.0081) with the risk of developing chronic dust bronchitis.

Limitations. The study is limited to the number of people with long, continuous work experience in the conditions of aluminum electrolysis, who have not retired from production, and who are being examined at the clinic of the KPGPZ Research Institute. It is advisable to expand the sample within the professional cohort under study and analyze haplotypes, as well as their relationship to functional indicators.

Conclusion. The identified genotypes act as markers of the risk of developing respiratory pathology against the background of chronic intoxication with fluoride and its compounds, which makes it possible to recommend genetic screening when forming risk groups in order to avoid early industrial labor losses.

Ethics. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Research Institute of Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases (Minutes of meeting No. 4, § 2 dated 11/18/2021), conducted in accordance with the generally accepted scientific principles of the Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Association (ed. 2013).

Contributions:
Yadykina T.K. — research design, collection and processing of biological material, statistical analysis, writing, editing;
Panev N.I. — collection and processing of clinical data;
Kazitskaya A.S. — collection and processing of material;
Ulanova E.V. — material processing;
Gulyaeva O.N. — analysis of literature and genetic data;
Semenova E.A. — collection and analysis of clinical data.

Funding. The study had no funding.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received: 19.09.2025 / Accepted: 11.11.2025 / Published: 10.12.202

Occupational diseases, in particular dermatoses, are traditionally associated with exposure to the skin of chemical and physical factors of the industrial environment. In recent years, scientific evidence has emerged indicating that a key pathogenetic link in the development and persistence of occupational dermatoses is a violation of the skin microbiome.

The skin microbiome is a complex polymicrobial community that plays an important role in maintaining skin homeostasis and barrier functions. There is increasing evidence pointing to the role of microbiota dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of various dermatological diseases. The analytical review presents data from foreign and domestic studies on the role of dysbiosis in the development of skin diseases induced by occupational factors.

Scientific evidence clearly indicates that working conditions in various professions shape the specific microbiome of workers' skin. Various professional activities act as a powerful factor that selectively suppresses some taxa of microorganisms and promotes the proliferation of others, forming a unique microbiome of the skin.

Understanding the mechanisms of interaction of skin microorganisms with the immune system opens up new prospects for the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring a healthy microbiome in dermatoses of various origins.

The identification of dysbiosis associated with an increased risk of developing occupational dermatoses as a biomarker is of fundamental and practical importance for preventive medicine. A personalized approach will allow the introduction of targeted protective measures aimed at correcting precisely those dysbiotic shifts that are characteristic of a particular profession.

Contributions:
Izmerova N.I. — concept and design, data collection and processing, text writing, editing;
Kuzmina L.P. — concept and design, writing, editing;
Chistova I.Ya. — data collection and processing, writing text.

Funding. The study had no funding.

Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received: 11.11.2025 / Accepted: 13.11.2025 / Published: 10.12.2025

With the widespread use of terahertz radiation in technologies, it is important to study their impact on health, measure and develop standards for maximum permissible levels (MPL).

The study aims to formulate the problem of the prevalence of terahertz radiation, the relevance of measurements and the normalization of their effect on humans.

The authors have analyzed the available data on the prospects for the spread of terahertz radiation in technologies, on the effects of terahertz radiation on health, and remote control of electromagnetic fields of various frequency ranges in sanitary rules and regulations (SanPiN).

A number of studies confirm the effect of terahertz radiation on biological objects at the molecular, cellular and organ levels; the rationing of the maximum permissible levels of terahertz radiation has not been approved.

It is advisable to develop rationing, definition and approval of maximum permissible levels of terahertz radiation to ensure safety in occupational health, in medical physics, maintaining health in the environment and occupational health at work.

Ethics. The study did not require the conclusion of the biomedical Ethics Committee (the study was based on publicly available data and official regulatory databases).

Contributions:
Eremin A.L. — research design, collection and processing of material, writing text;
Bogatov N.M. — editing, concept of medical physics, radiophysics;
All co-authors — approving the final version of the article and ensuring the integrity of all parts of the article.

Funding. The study had no funding.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received: 09.11.2025 / Accepted: 19.11.2025 / Published: 10.12.2025

This review analyzes the effectiveness of various methods of local injection therapy for vibration disease (VD), taking into account the variety of its clinical manifestations.

An analysis of existing studies shows contradictory results of the use of glucocorticoids, a limited evidence base for hyaluronic acid, as well as encouraging, but requiring further study, data on the effectiveness of dextrose solution, plasma preparations and botulinum toxin. The review highlights the need for larger-scale and controlled studies to establish an optimal strategy for local injection therapy in VD, taking into account the chronic nature of the disease and the potential side effects of certain drugs. Promising areas of research are the study of the mechanisms of action and the comparative effectiveness of these drugs in various manifestations of VD, including tendinopathy, tunnel syndromes and vasospastic disorders.

Ethics. The experiments were approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research (Protocol No. 2 dated 03/17/2025).

Funding. The work was carried out within the Framework of funds allocated to fulfill the state assignment of the East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research.

Conflict of interest. The author declares no conflict of interest.

Received: 16.06.2025 / Accepted: 06.11.2025 / Published: 10.12.2025

Taking into account the concept of professional aptitude formed in Russia and personal experience, the authors have developed algorithms for determining and examining the professional aptitude of workers in contact with chemical factors. The algorithms reflect domestic risk-based approaches to preserving the professional health of workers in harmful (dangerous) working conditions. As an example, an algorithm for determining and evaluating the professional suitability of workers in contact with lead is presented.

Contributions:
Gorblyansky Yu.Yu. — concept and design of the study, writing the text;
Garipova R.V. — writing text, editing;
Kontorovich E.P. — writing text, editing;
Ponamareva O.P. — writing the text, design of the bibliography;
Arkhipov E.V. — writing the text;
Bogoslovskaya A.A. — writing the text.

Funding. The study had no funding.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received: 03.10.2025 / Accepted: 10.11.2025 / Published: 10.12.2025

Introduction. It is known that increased generation of reactive oxygen species in the body, including under the influence of adverse environmental factors and working conditions, increases the risk of oxidative stress, the pathogenetic basis of many diseases. Consequently, the detection of early changes in the state of the pro-oxidant-antioxidant system of the blood could become the basis for the primary prevention of occupational and production-related pathologies in various occupational groups, in particular, among drivers of motor vehicles. Meanwhile, studies on these issues for the selected contingent are few and mostly generalizing in nature, without detailing age and length of service characteristics.

The study aims to comprehensively investigate and evaluate disorders of the pro-oxidant-antioxidant system of blood in professional drivers of motor vehicles, depending on age and work experience.

Materials and methods. The authors have examined 277 men (190 professional drivers of motor vehicles and 87 volunteers — the control group). Age groups (20–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–65 years old) and internship subgroups (1–5, 5–10, and >10 years old) were formed. The scientists used spectrophotometric methods to study the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the blood, the content of lipid peroxidation products (LPP) — TBK-active products (TBK-AP) and the degree of oxidative modification of proteins (OMP). The authors have assessed the level of DNA damage in leukocytes using an alkaline version of the DNA comet method.

Results. In all drivers, except for the "50–65 years" group, against the background of an increase in the of TBA-AP level in plasma, there was a decrease in the intensity of LPP and the activity of CAT and SOD in erythrocytes relative to the control groups. The decline in CAT and SOD activity increased with increasing age and seniority. Drivers aged 40 to 65 years with more than 5 years of work experience showed a predominance of pro-oxidant processes over antioxidant processes in red blood cells. The authors observed a statistically significant decrease in the level of Fe-dependent OMP among drivers aged 30 to 39 years with less than 10 years of work experience and among drivers aged 40 to 65 years in all subgroups with work experience. In drivers aged 30–39 years with more than 10 years of work experience, they observed an increase in the level of DNA damage in blood leukocytes.

Limitations. There was no separation by type of vehicles (buses, trucks, and cars), which may affect the heterogeneity of working conditions and loads; the influence of the "healthy worker effect" could mask the real impact of the production environment on the health of workers.

Conclusion. There are disorders of the pro-oxidant-antioxidant blood system of professional motor vehicle drivers (men) at the level of lipids, proteins and DNA, depending on age and seniority.

Ethics. The research protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Nizhny Novgorod Scientific Research Institute of Hygiene and Occupational Pathology (Protocol No. 1 dated January 26, 2021). All participants in the study signed an informed consent.

Contributions:
Pozdnyakova M.A. — development of a research plan and program, editing and approval of the final version of the article; current research management;
Zhukova E.S. — development of the research concept and design, interpretation of the results, editing of the article;
Polyakova L.V. — collection and processing of material, analysis of results, preparation of the manuscript for publication;
Zelenkina O.V. — collection and processing of material, analysis of results.

Gratitude. The authors would like to thank A.B. Gapeev, PhD, Professor, Chief Researcher at the Institute of Cell Biophysics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, a separate division of the Pushchinsky Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, for his comprehensive assistance in mastering the DNA comet method.

Funding. The work was performed within the Framework of the state assignment of the Nizhny Novgorod Scientific Research Institute of Hygiene and Occupational Pathology (Reg. no. 121020900054-2).

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received: 08.10.2025 / Accepted: 26.11.2025 / Published: 10.12.2025