The article presents a retrospective of the main directions of research on the preservation of the health of the population and labor resources of the Siberian Federal District based on the long-term work of the Scientific Research Institute of Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases in Novokuznetsk. There is the ecological and hygienic definition and justification of optimal human life conditions; the development and implementation of methods for the prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of occupational, production-related, and general diseases; planning the strategy of medical services and organizations in the management of healthcare, taking into account the peculiarities of population reproduction, the specifics of working conditions and socio-economic development of regions.

Introduction. An essential feature of the professional activity of pilots of civil aviation aircraft is the high intensity of work due to pronounced emotional, intellectual, and sensory loads, unique work modes.

The study aims to assess the intensity of work and the prevalence of factors affecting fatigue among civil aviation pilots according to an anonymous online questionnaire.

Materials and methods. Experts surveyed 667 members of the flight crews in remote anonymous online questioning.

We developed the questionnaires under the criteria for assessing the intensity of work, assessing the risk factors for fatigue development according to the ICAO recommendations, and analyzing the pilot's activity algorithm. The researchers used descriptive statistical methods to analyze the survey data.

Results. The working conditions of pilots according to 7 indicators of tension correspond to class 3.2: a high level of intellectual loads (72–100% of pilots), a large number of overlapping time zones (18%), the maximum duration of concentrated observation (70.7%), a high density of signals and messages (29.9%), a significant number of objects of simultaneous observation (18.9%), a high degree of risk to one's own life and responsibility for the safety of others (98%), as well as a rough working day (79%). According to the totality of indicators, the general class of labor intensity corresponds to the highest degree (class 3.3).

The factors affecting the fatigue of pilots include rare rest between flights (44.6% of respondents), intermittent sleep (59.9%), not always a full sleep before the night flight shift (85.9%). According to the survey results, the share of pilots who have spontaneous sleep during the flight is 74.3%, and frequently delayed reaction to usual, non – standard, or extreme stimuli and signals is 12.3%.

Conclusions. The obtained data of the questionnaire survey confirm the results of psychophysiological studies that have shown that the level of the labor intensity of pilots is "super-intense or extreme." Therefore, considering the prevalence of factors affecting fatigue among the crew members, and based on the understanding of the fundamental problems noted by the pilots, it is necessary to develop measures and management solutions to minimize the risk factors for fatigue development.

Introduction. Among underground miners, the pathology of the cardiovascular system is much more common than among workers on the surface, which indicates the negative role of the impact of harmful production factors. There is evidence of a high prevalence of traditional risk factors for the development of coronary heart disease among miners with dust pathology of the lungs. Preventive measures for coronary heart disease exist for the timely detection and elimination of risk factors. In this regard, it is relevant to optimize methods for predicting the risk of developing coronary heart disease in coal mine workers.

The study aims to develop a system for predicting the probability of developing coronary heart disease in miners with anthracosilicosis based on determining the most significant risk factors.

Materials and methods. The experts studied the frequency of coronary heart disease and its risk factors in 139 employees of the primary professions of coal mines. The scientists performed daily ECG monitoring, bicycle ergometry according to the Rose questionnaire. They also studied the indicators of lipid metabolism, hemostasis, the level of homocysteine, C-reactive protein, glycemia, the presence of excess body weight, constitutional and morphological types according to Rice–Eysenck and Tanner. The experts developed a predictive system using the Bayes method. We calculated a predictive coefficient for each factor. Scientists determined the probability of coronary heart disease by the value of the sum of prognostic coefficients.

Results. Workers aged 45 years and older have the highest risk of developing coronary heart disease. The experience of working in harmful working conditions for 20 years or more, the presence of arterial hypertension, metabolic syndrome, respiratory failure, andromorphic constitutional-morphological type according to the Tanner index, as well as the presence of hyperhomocysteinemia, hyperfibrinogenemia, increased levels of soluble fibrin-monomer complexes and C-reactive protein — all these are the risks of developing coronary heart disease in miners with anthracosilicosis.

Conclusions. The developed system of personalized prediction of the probability of developing coronary heart disease in miners with anthracosilicosis allows us to identify a group of high-risk workers for timely treatment and preventive measures for them.

Introduction. Diastolic function is characterized by the earliest changes in the ventricular myocardium, rather than violations of their contractility, and can be used in the algorithm of prophylactic measures to prevent fatal cardiovascular events, including in people working at industrial enterprises.

The objective of the study was to assess the indices of diastolic function of the right ventricle in workers of the coal mining industry in the South of Kuzbass.

Materials and methods. Under the conditions of a periodic medical examination, we surveyed 337 people without lung diseases and coronary heart disease, of which 206 workers of coal mines in the South of Kuzbass and 131 workers of open pit mines, aged from 40 to 55 years (the average age of the miners was 46.12±0.36 years old, of the workers at open pit mines was 46.98±0.34 years, p=0.107). On the ultrasound system "Vivid E9" manufactured by General Electric, all examined persons underwent an assessment of the structural and functional state of the heart.

Results. Diastolic dysfunction in the form of a decrease in the ratio of transtricuspid flows less than one was revealed in 22.5% of the miners with arterial hypertension and in 2.6% of the subjects without it (p=0.00001), in the workers of open pit mines there was in 12.3% and 8.3%, respectively (p=0.071). A decrease in the ratio of tissue Doppler flows of tricuspid annulus plane movement was detected in 89.9% of the miners with arterial hypertension and in 81.2% of the subjects without it (p=0.083), this parameter also did not differ among the workers of open pit mines (68.4% and 60.3% respectively, p=0.337), but the differences between the miners and the workers of the open pit mines turned out to be reliable (p=0.0012 in those examined with arterial hypertension, p=0.0015 — without it).

Based on the conducted correlation analysis, it was revealed that the development of impaired right ventricular diastolic function in coal industry workers was influenced not only by generally accepted factors and concomitant arterial hypertension, but also by long-term work experience in underground conditions in the miners.

Conclusion. The development of diastolic dysfunction of the right ventricle in miners was influenced by work experience in underground working conditions, the presence of arterial hypertension, a decrease in the longitudinal deformation of the left ventricle, a decline in the vital capacity of the lungs and impaired diastolic function of the left ventricle. Associations of right ventricular diastolic function indices with the presence of arterial hypertension, increased values of the smoker’s index, Quetelet index, waist circumference, relative wall thickness index of the left ventricle, a decrease in the longitudinal deformation of the left ventricle and forced expiratory volume in 1 second and impaired diastolic function of the left ventricle were revealed in the workers of open pit mines.

Introduction. Long-term constant exposure to certain representatives of aliphatic hydrocarbons during the extraction and processing of potash ore can lead to pathological changes on critical organs and systems in production workers.

The study aims to evaluate the change in biochemical parameters in workers exposed to chemical production factors (heptane and hexane).

Materials and methods. The study of the content of hexane, heptane in the air of the working area and the urine of workers, the establishment of changes in several biochemical (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, glutamyltransferase, epinephrine, and norepinephrine) and general clinical (eosinophils, neutrophils and the eosinophilia index) indicators, modeling of cause-and-effect relationships.

Results. Specialists found in the observation group relative to the comparison group: increased levels of heptane and hexane in the urine up to 1.7 times; increased levels of adrenaline and norepinephrine in the blood plasma up to 1.8 times, up to 1.4 times ALAT and γ-GT in the blood serum, up to 1.9 times neutrophils in the nasal secretions associated with increased concentrations of heptane and hexane in the urine; an increase of up to 4.4 times in the frequency of diseases of the nervous system, respiratory organs, and digestion.

Conclusions. In the air of the working area of the workers of the flotation shop of the sylvinite processing plant, the concentrations of the studied limit hydrocarbons were below the detection limit; there is an increased concentration of heptane and hexane in the urine. In the workers of the studied production, an increase of 1.4–1.8 times in the level of adrenaline and norepinephrine in blood plasma, 1.2–1.4 times in ALAT and γ-GT in blood serum, 1.9 times in the content of neutrophils in nasal secretions, which characterizes adverse effects from the respiratory, digestive and nervous systems. We proved the dependence of the increased frequency of diseases of the listed organs and systems on the increased concentration of heptane in the urine (R²=0.26–0.43; p=0.0001–0.028).

The study aims to assess the characteristics of health, psychological status, lifestyle, social and living conditions as factors affecting the professional success of researchers.

We used content analysis of literary data and the method of expert assessments.

The factors that have a high impact on the professional success of researchers include age, quality of life, premature aging, cognitive load and activity, emotional status, physical inactivity. Among the average significant factors are job satisfaction, childbearing, educational growth, stress resistance, career growth, work on the household farm, medical responsibility, material security, corporate and family health-saving environment, lifestyle, personal qualities, psycho-psychological, information and energy loads, emotional stress, academic title, intellectual activity cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, alternation of physical and mental work (change of mono-load to complex).

It is necessary to study further the factors that determine the success of the professional activity of researchers. There is a significant number of problems and many negative aspects associated with scientific training.

According to the agreed opinion of experts, there are priority ranking places by such problems as in the first place — a decrease in cognitive functions; in the second place — a reduction in the effectiveness of scientific activity and premature aging; in the third place — the presence of low medical responsibility; in the fourth place — a frequent decrease in physical activity; in the fifth-place — emotional burnout, the fact of low material security, the formation of violations of psychological characteristics, premature termination of scientific activity.

The factors that have a high impact on the professional success of researchers include age, quality of life, premature aging, cognitive load and activity, emotional status, physical inactivity. Among the average significant factors are job satisfaction, childbearing, educational growth, stress resistance, career growth, work on the household farm, medical responsibility, material security, corporate and family health-saving environment, lifestyle, personal qualities, psycho-psychological, information and energy loads, emotional stress, academic title, intellectual activity cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, alternation of physical and mental work (change of mono-load to complex).

The seafarers carried out the professional activity in a complex electromagnetic environment (EME), with technical means, structural materials, depending on the purpose of the watercraft, architectural features, and vessel classification.

There are static electric fields, permanent magnetic and low-frequency electric and magnetic fields on ships.

Marine radio-electronic means (REM) creates Electromagnetic fields (EMF) of the radio frequency range that provide communication, the safety of navigation and operation, and solving navigation problems. According to the documents of the sanitary legislation, specialists carry out control of the maximum permissible EMF levels for watercraft and marine structures at the design stage of the vessel by calculating the intensity of electromagnetic fields during commissioning, instrumental control of EMF levels.

There are new technical means in modern automated vessels of various types and purposes that create electromagnetic fields in the crew's stay zones, which makes it urgent to improve regulatory and methodological documents in the area of ensuring the electromagnetic safety of the team and passengers.

The study aims to develop proposals for regulatory, methodological, and hardware control over compliance with the maximum permissible levels of electromagnetic fields on ships to ensure the electromagnetic safety of the crew.

Generalization of materials of own research of EME on ships, systematization of sources of electromagnetic fields. Analysis of regulations in occupational safety and health for the protection of the crew from the effects of EME, methodological documents on the calculation forecasting, and instrumental determination of the levels of electromagnetic fields.

Experts have revealed that there are electromagnetic fields of a wide frequency range in the premises of ships and on open decks.

The study showed that electromagnetic fields of a wide frequency range are created in the premises of ships and on open decks. Indoors, the most significant is the impact on the crew of electric and magnetic fields with a frequency of 50 Hz created by the ship's electric power systems. In addition, on open decks (at workplaces and in crew recreation areas), the protection of the crew from EMF antennas of the radio frequency range is relevant. Therefore, it is necessary to develop methods for calculating the prediction of EMF levels and improve the means of measuring electromagnetic fields on ships.

The most common sources of EMF in the crew's stay areas are radio communication and radar facilities, ship's electric power systems. The task of developing a methodological document on the calculated prediction of EMF levels in rooms and on open decks at the design stage of ships is urgent. In addition, it is necessary to develop devices-meters of electromagnetic fields for instrumental monitoring of EMF levels in actual operating conditions of the vessel.

Due to the modernization of chemical production in recent years, specialists note a reduction in detection of occupational intoxication and a decrease in the overall occupational morbidity of workers in the chemical industry. At the same time, the risk of loss of professional aptitude for general medical contraindications and the preservation of the functional longevity of employees comes to the first place.

The study aims to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the current state of working conditions and health from chemical organ synthesis enterprise employees.

The experts analyzed the state of working conditions of production workers under a special assessment of working conditions. In addition, we studied the status of the leading professional groups of the enterprise according to the results of a periodic medical examination (PME).

The working conditions in the primary professions of the enterprise for the production of acrylic acid nitrile, sodium cyanide, and related products are harmful to 1–3 degrees (subclasses 3.1–3.3). Scientists estimated the a priori occupational risk to employees' health from exposure to harmful factors of the production environment in the categories from small (moderate) to high (intolerable), where it is necessary to take urgent measures to reduce it. Scientists recognized three employers out of 522 who work in harmful working conditions for general medical contraindications (coronary heart disease) as unfit for professional work. We allowed 14 people to work in the profession with restrictions. Specialists identified common somatic diseases in 335 people: sciatica of the lumbosacral level (23.7%), chronic bronchitis (15.3%), essential hypertension (14.4%), and cerebral atherosclerosis (12.3%).

The employees of chemical organ synthesis enterprises work in harmful working conditions, namely: the presence of toxic chemicals in the air of the functional area, an increased noise level generated by working production equipment, and the severity of the labor process. An adequate system of hygienic monitoring and organizational and technical measures makes it possible to reduce the class of the degree of harmfulness of working conditions according to the chemical factor to acceptable ones. Polyethological general somatic diseases create the most significant risk of loss of professional aptitude in personnel. Harmful factors of work and lifestyle aggravate the involutional processes.

Intrauterine growth retardation is recognized as one of the leading causes of incidence and mortality in infancy and early childhood in all the countries of the world. The causes and mechanisms of development of this process are decisive when choosing the tactics of nursing such children. Of particular importance is the understanding of the functioning of the mother–placenta–fetus system, in particular the mechanisms of suppression of the detoxification function of the placenta in connection with the polymorphisms of the genes of the I and II phases of the xenobiotic biotransformation system.

The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between the polymorphism of the genes of the I and II phases of the xenobiotic biotransformation system with the intrauterine fetal growth retardation in women living in the South of the Kemerovo region and working under harmful labor conditions.

A survey of 39 women of reproductive age living in the territory of Novokuznetsk was carried out, 20 of them worked at various enterprises of the city. The study group included 14 women who gave birth to children with intrauterine growth retardation of varying severity. The comparison group (control) consisted of 25 women. They did not have spontaneous miscarriages and they carried a child without the intrauterine growth retardation. The work investigated the frequency of occurrence of polymorphisms of genes of the xenobiotic biotransformation system — CYP1A2*1F, GSTM1 (they determine the activity of detoxification enzymes), as well as their combinations — in a group of working women and housewives who gave birth to children with intrauterine growth retardation.

The forms of genes associated with the intrauterine fetal growth retardation, as well as genes associated with the resistance to this pathology, were identified. Combinations of gene forms of different phases of the xenobiotic biotransformation and their relationship with intrauterine fetal growth retardation were shown. There were no statistically reliable differences between various cohorts of women.

A positive association of a high risk of the intrauterine fetal growth retardation in women with A/A CYP1A2*1F genotype and deletion polymorphism of the GSTM1 "–" gene has been shown. The heterozygous form of the C/A CYP1A2*1F gene polymorphism is statistically reliably associated with the resistance to this pathology, as well as the normally functioning GSTM1 "+" gene. Genotype A/A CYP1A2*1F in the combination with the deletion polymorphism of GSTM1 "–" gene is statistically reliably associated with intrauterine fetal growth retardation, and C/A CYP1A2*1F genotype in the combination with normally functioning GSTM1 "+" gene is associated with a low risk of the intrauterine fetal growth retardation. Comparative analysis of the relationship of the studied forms of genes of the xenobiotic biotransformation system with the intrauterine fetal growth retardation in the groups of female workers and housewives did not show statistically reliable differences.