Introduction. The difficult demographic situation in the country necessitates the need to improve approaches to maintaining the health of the working population and prolonging working longevity.

One of the effective forms of solving these problems is the cooperation of medical scientific organizations and business entities in organizing a complex of systemic therapeutic and preventive measures for managing employee health risk, ensuring vertical continuity and interaction between primary and specialized units, adapted to the capabilities of a medical scientific institution and enterprise.

The study aims to evaluate the socio-economic effectiveness of cooperation between a medical research center and a socially responsible business on the example of a large metallurgical enterprise in the Sverdlovsk region.

Materials and methods. Specialists analyzed the results of a set of therapeutic and preventive measures implemented in Uralelectromed JSC together with the Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers (YMRC) for the period 2014–2023. The authors conducted a retrospective analysis of the occupational morbidity of employees at the enterprise for the period from 2004 to 2023 and morbidity with temporary disability (MTD) for certain nosological forms in the period from 2019 to 2023. The scientists assessed the economic efficiency of the therapeutic and preventive measures carried out at the enterprise, using the methodological recommendations adopted in the Rospotrebnadzor system.

Results. The implementation of a set of therapeutic and preventive measures for employees of Uralelectromed JSC together with YMRC allowed to reduce the proportion of people with medical contraindications to work from 8.9% in 2014 to 0.8% in 2023, the number of cases and days of morbidity with temporary disability due to hypertension by 1.9 and 2.1 times, respectively, to ensure sustainable the tendency to decrease the level of newly identified occupational morbidity, to improve the indicators characterizing the fatigue and efficiency of workers (p=0.001). The prevented economic losses as a result of the introduction of systemic therapeutic and preventive measures to manage risks to the health of employees of Uralelectromed JSC amounted to more than 25,898.0 thousand rubles per year.

Limitations. The study of morbidity with temporary disability is limited to the block of diagnoses of ICD-10 (I10–I15) «Diseases characterized by high blood pressure».

Conclusion. The introduction of a complex of systemic therapeutic and preventive measures for managing employee health risk at a metallurgical enterprise determines a significant socio-economic effect from the joint activities of a medical scientific organization and a socially responsible business, which allows us to propose this set of measures for replication at the corporate and regional levels.

Ethics. The study was approved by the local Ethics Committee of the Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers (conclusion No. 6 dated 12/11/2023).

Contribution:
Gazimova V.G. — research concept and design, data collection and processing, text writing, editing;
Bukhtiyarov I.V. — concept and design of the study, editing;
Gurvich V.B. — concept and design of the study, editing;
Sutunkova M.P. — writing, editing;
Shastin A.S. — writing, editing;
Aleshenkova N.N. — data collection and processing, text writing, editing;
Safrygin A.V. — writing, editing;
Sozonova T.V. — data collection and processing;
Mazhaeva T.V. — data collection and processing, text writing, editing;
Yarushin S.V. — data collection and processing, writing text.

Funding. The study had no funding.

Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests.

Received: 25.10.2024 / Accepted: 31.10.2024 / Published: 10.12.2024

Introduction. The article tells about the consistently low levels of detection of occupational malignant neoplasms (OMN) for many years in the Russian Federation. This creates a picture of imaginary well-being, which does not allow us to objectively characterize the real risks to public health associated with exposure to carcinogens in the workplace.

The study aims to develop and practically test an algorithm for detecting occupational malignant neoplasms using a medical information system.

Materials and methods. On the basis of the medical information system used in the Krasnoyarsk Regional Center of Occupational Pathology («Regional Clinical Hospital»), specialists have developed and put into practice a system for detecting occupational malignant diseases. The combination of information flows from the main institutions providing medical care in the field of Oncology, the selection of patient data using information about the place of work, probable professional contact with carcinogens (according to data provided by the Office of Rospotrebnadzor in the Krasnoyarsk Territory), allowed us to analyze the information received about patients.

Results. In case of a positive decision of the commission on suspicion of the professional nature of the disease, taking into account the professional route, the localization of the OMN and the current list of occupational diseases, the specialists initiated a procedure for examining the connection of the disease with the profession. During the three quarters of 2024, the researchers analyzed 437 cases of diseases with subsequent registration of sanitary and hygienic characteristics in 25 cases. Of the selected cases, the link between the disease and the profession has currently been established in 9 cases, 10 cases are in the works at the time of writing. In other cases, specialists recognized the diseases as common.

Limitations. The study was limited by the time frame and the number of identified cases of neoplasms submitted for detailed consideration.

Conclusion. The implemented system made it possible in less than a year to identify the number of cases of occupational cancer in only one subject of the Federation (Krasnoyarsk Territory), corresponding to almost half of the number of occupational cancers detected in the whole country. The use of a medical information system expands the possibilities of diagnosing occupational diseases.

Ethics. The conducted research did not require the conclusion of the Ethics Committee.

Contribution:
Zakharinskaya O.N. — research concept and design, statistical data processing, text writing, editing;
Korchagin E.E. — concept and design of the study, editing;
Cherkashin O.A. — development and implementation of work software;
Goryaev D.V. — research concept and design, writing, editing;
Fadeev A.G. — writing the text;
Serebryakov P.V. — text writing, statistical data processing, editing;
Strizhakov L.A. — writing, editing.

Funding. The study had no funding.

Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests.

Received: 20.10.2024 / Accepted: 19.11.2024 / Published: 10.12.2024

Introduction. Occupational malignant neoplasms (OMN) in the structure of occupational pathology in our country for a long time occupy the last rank place, amounting to no more than 0.5%. In fact, in the Russian Federation, doctors detect from 20 to 40 cases of occupational cancer every year. The share of OMN in the structure of occupational diseases detected in the EEC countries is about 5% (up to 3,700 cases per year). The actual number of detected cases of occupational cancer in our country is several orders of magnitude lower than forecast estimates. The problem of incomplete detection of occupational cancer is quite multifaceted, largely due to the lack of vigilance of primary care doctors, the high probability of a long latent period of the disease, etc.

The study aims to find possible causes of occupational cancer based on data on newly identified cases of OMN entered into the regional cancer registry.

Materials and methods. The objects of the study were 1,359 primary cases of OMN, entered into the regional cancer registry on the basis of the Zabaikalsky regional oncological dispensary. Scientists have developed an algorithm of actions, on the basis of which they carried out the selection of cases, taking into account the localization of the disease, anamnestic information, age parameters. The authors identified cases with suspicion of the occupational nature of the disease, followed by a request for documents necessary to conduct an examination of the connection of the disease with working conditions. On the basis of the Center for Occupational Pathology of the Trans-Baikal Territory, specialists conducted a direct examination and summed up the final results.

Results. The authors selected 49 patients from 1359 cases and, after an additional request for information on the professional path, work experience in comparison with the nosological form of OMN, identified 16 cases with suspected occupational disease, of which a causal relationship between the development of the disease and working conditions was established in 12 cases, including 4 cases in patients in the post-contact period.

Limitations. The study is limited by the number of cancer cases provided for analysis.

Conclusion. The data obtained indicate that, using the example of one subject of the federation, over 10 months of work on the targeted analysis of cancer registry data, the number of cases of occupational cancer was revealed, almost comparable to the number of similar diseases detected in a year in the whole country.

Ethics. The conduct of the study did not require the conclusion of the Ethics committee.

Contributions:
Goryaev N.I. — research concept and design, statistical data processing, text writing, editing;
Gorbacheva O.N. — concept and design of the study, editing;
Serebryakov P.V. — text writing, statistical data processing, editing.

Funding. The study had no funding.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interests.

Received: 06.11.2024 / Accepted: 21.11.2024 / Published: 10.12.2024

Introduction. Obtaining objective data on the long-term consequences of health disorders of medical workers who have suffered COVID-19 while performing professional duties is an important problem of occupational health. The establishment of background indicators of the health status of medical workers before their contact with infectious patients in the performance of professional duties is the first stage of monitoring the long-term consequences of coronavirus infection.

The study aims to assess the prevalence of chronic general somatic diseases among medical workers of various industrial and professional groups for further monitoring of their health status.

Materials and methods. The object of the study was the medical staff of the regional clinical hospital. The authors have analyzed the results of periodic medical examinations.

The total number of medical workers amounted to 495 people. Experts have formed three production and professional groups: doctors, nursing staff, and junior medical staff. The authors performed a cross-sectional epidemiological study, during which they studied the prevalence of chronic general somatic diseases in medical professionals. The reliability of the results obtained was assessed by the Student’s coefficient.

Results. In the course of a cross-sectional epidemiological study, scientists found that the prevalence of chronic diseases in individual industrial and occupational groups is at the same level. In the structure of chronic general somatic diseases of medical workers, the first two places are occupied by diseases of the circulatory system and diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue.

Diseases of the endocrine system, eating disorders and metabolic disorders occupy the third place. Chronic diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue are equally common among medical workers of various professional groups and amount to 63.0±2.2 (per 100 employees).

The prevalence of chronic diseases of the circulatory system among medical workers is 50.7±2.2 per 100 employees.

When comparing the indicators between professional groups, the authors found that the prevalence of diseases of the system of this class of diseases among doctors (38.6±3.2) was significantly (p<0.05) lower compared with employees of the average (55.2±3.9) and junior (63.2±4.2) medical personnel. The prevalence of diseases of the endocrine system, eating disorders and metabolism among medical workers is 32.1±2.1 per 100 employees. At the same time, the lowest rate was noted among doctors, which is 25.9±3.1 per 100 employees and is significantly lower compared to the group of junior medical personnel (41.4±4.3).

Limitations. The study is limited to the observation period.

Conclusion. The data obtained as a result of a cross-sectional epidemiological study allowed us to establish that among doctors the prevalence of diseases of the circulatory and endocrine systems, eating disorders and metabolic disorders is significantly lower compared with medical professionals of other professional groups.

Ethics. All medical staff have given informed consent to the use of personal data for statistical processing.

Contribution:
Kuzmina L.P. — research concept and design, editing, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article;
Leskina L.M. — the concept and design of the study, editing, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article, writing the text;
Golovkova N.P. — the concept and design of the study, editing, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article, writing the text;
Tolmachev D.A. — concept and design of the study, editing;
Osmanova P.Sh. — research design, collection, processing of material, writing of text;
Mikhailova N.S. — editing, writing the text.

Funding. The study had no sponsorship.

Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests.

Received: 12.11.2024 / Accepted: 03.12.2024 / Published: 10.12.2024

The use of the index of working capacity in medicine and occupational safety makes it possible to assess the individual working capacity of workers, to predict the possibility of retaining workers in the profession. A survey using the ability to work index helps to identify personnel who have an increased risk of dismissal and absence from work related to health and poor work results. Various pathological conditions can take an employee out of work for different periods, but it is extremely important to understand whether it is possible to preserve the employee’s specialty and the prospects for his socialization. The disease changes not only the physical, but also the psycho-emotional state of the employee. The authors presented an analysis of modern scientific literature on the international experience of using the ability to work index to predict the possibility of returning to work in the specialty after treatment of diseases, rehabilitation. The work ability index can be used as a criterion for the effectiveness of treatment and rehabilitation after illness and subsequent employment. The link between quality of life and returning to work is of great importance. The ability to work of employees with various diseases, who have received different types of treatment, including surgical interventions, chemoradiotherapy and returned to work, is reduced compared with healthy employees. Recovery depends on the stage of the disease, the type of treatment and concomitant pathology. The risk of early retirement increases in the first years after cancer treatment. Professional rehabilitation promotes the fullest integration of an employee into society through professional self-realization.

Contributions:
Trubetskoy A.D. — formulation of the goal, selection and analysis of material, editing;
Makhonko M.N. — selection and analysis of material, preparation of the text.

Funding. The study had no funding.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received: 17.10.2024 / Accepted: 01.12.2024 / Published: 10.12.2024

Over the more than three-year period of the coronavirus pandemic, researchers have identified the relationship between cardiovascular diseases and the severity of coronavirus infection, especially in people who have had COVID-19 in a hospital setting. One of the complications of patients with coronavirus infection is an increase in blood pressure, which can lead to the formation of hypertension. It is known that arterial hypertension occupies a leading position among workers in the transport sector, including electric train drivers, in our country. The cardiovascular system of machinists is influenced by industrial risk factors (noise, vibration, psycho-emotional stress, etc.) and often non-industrial: smoking, increased body weight. The combination of these factors: coronavirus infection, industrial and non-industrial risk factors can accelerate the development of cardiovascular diseases in electric train drivers.

The study aims are the results of duplex scanning of brachiocephalic arteries in electric train drivers who have been ill with various forms of new coronavirus infection.

The authors have conducted the study on an outpatient basis among 12 male machinists aged 43.4±5.0 years working in the Central Federal District, who who have been ill with COVID-19 in the first and second quarters of 2021, and are currently continuing their work as an «electric train driver». The subjects were divided into 2 groups: the 1^st group consisted of workers who had suffered a mild form of COVID-19, the 2^nd group consisted of workers who had suffered a severe form of COVID-19. Scientists conducted duplex scanning of brachiocephalic arteries with color Doppler mapping for workers, and they also studied outpatient charts of workers, analyzed blood pressure data. The research was conducted in the period 2022–2023. The employees involved in the studies had risk factors such as smoking, increased body weight and high blood pressure.

Scientists have revealed higher blood pressure indicators in workers of the 2^nd group (severe form), in contrast to the indicators of the 1^st group (mild form), while both groups had «grade I arterial hypertension». Ultrasound examination of the brachiocephalic arteries in group 2 workers, unlike group 1 workers, revealed the initial signs of vascular remodeling at the extracranial level in the form of a diffuse increase in the echogenicity of the intima-media complex and its thickening to 1 mm in the common carotid artery, deformations of the common and internal carotid arteries, in the form of wavy C-S‑shaped tortuosity, initial ectasia of the common carotid arteries, a decrease in linear indicators of blood flow velocity, an increase in the resistance index. And also in workers who have had a severe form of coronavirus infection, when visualizing the vertebral arteries, an indirect linear course in the interosseous canal is traced, which is not observed in workers who have had a mild form of COVID-19. A study of the middle cerebral artery at the intracranial level in group 1 workers indicates the absence of hemodynamic changes, and in group 2 workers there was a decrease in speed indicators and an increase in the resistance index.

In the machinists who suffered both severe and mild forms of COVID-19, scientists established «grade I arterial hypertension», which required the appointment of antihypertensive therapy. In workers who have undergone severe COVID-19, blood pressure indicators are higher, which led to remodeling of the brachiocephalic arteries in the form of thickening of the intima-media complex of the common carotid artery, minor ectasia and the development of deformities of the carotid arteries, increased resistance to blood flow, which is not present in workers who have undergone a mild form. Workers who have developed complications in the post-СOVID period need annual duplex scanning with color Doppler mapping of the brachiocephalic arteries, which will help identify abnormalities at the extra- and intracranial level.

Limitations. There are quantitative limitations due to the number of COVID-19 patients.

Ethics. The study was approved by the local Ethics Committee of the Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health (Protocol No.1 dated February 16, 2022).

Contribution:
Gerasimidi S.K. — research concept and design, material collection and processing, statistical data processing, text writing, text editing;
Glukhov D.V. — concept and design of the study, text editing.

Funding. The study had no funding.

Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests.

Received: 15.05.2024 / Accepted: 05.11.2024 / Published: 10.12.2024

The development of bronchial and pulmonary pathology depends on characteristics of the aerosols and individual resistance of the body, largely determined by the immune system, to their exposure. Mucous membranes of a healthy person are colonized by saprophytic bacteria or normal microbiota. Yet, changes in the composition and properties of the microbial landscape induced by adverse environmental factors increase the risk of inflammation and contribute to changes in the reactivity of the immune system.

The study aims to establish the immune status, microbiota of the pharyngeal mucosa, and the elemental composition of sputum, given its cellular composition, in workers of the anode department of a copper smelter.

We tested sputum culture and elemental composition, established clinical and immunological status, and analyzed pharyngeal microbiota in 28 workers of the anode department of a copper smelter. Based on the results of testing, the subjects were divided into two groups with (1) and without (2) leukocytosis (>10 cells in the field of view) detected in sputum.

We found no acute or chronic diseases of the bronchi and lungs in the examined workers. In group 1, we observed shifts in the immune response manifested by a decrease in the number of immunocompetent cells, activation of neutrophil phagocytosis, formation of reactive oxygen species in neutrophils, and displacement of normal microbiota of the oropharyngeal mucosa by opportunistic microorganisms (in 100% versus 35%, p<0.05). The elemental composition of sputum was noted for a higher frequency of iron and lead detection and increased concentrations of barium, lead, iron, arsenic, molybdenum, antimony, vanadium, and cadmium. We established a significant effect of metals contained in sputum on cellular, humoral, and local immunity.

The inflammatory bronchopulmonary response to toxic aerosol exposure is accompanied by changes in the cellular and phagocytic links of immunity, as well as in the microbial landscape on the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract characterized by displacement of normal biota by opportunistic microorganisms.

Limitations. This study has certain limitations associated with the small sample size and the lack of opportunity to compare metal concentrations found in sputum with reference levels.

Ethics. The study was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers (extract from the minutes of the meeting No. 8 dated 12/26/2016).

Contributions:
Karpova E.P. — study conception and design, draft manuscript preparation;
Bushueva T.V. — study conception and design, draft manuscript preparation;
Roslaya N.A. — study conception and design, draft manuscript preparation;
Shtin T.N. — physicochemical analysis of sputum;
Fedoruk A.A. — description of working conditions of the subjects;
Gurvich V.B. — study conception;
Labzova A.K. — clinical tests;
Gribova Yu.V. — clinical tests;
Gazimova V.G. — sample enumeration;
Khlystov I.A. — data analysis.

Funding. This research received no external funding.

Conflict of interest. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Received: 08.11.2024 / Accepted: 02.12.2024 / Published: 10.12.2024

The article tells about the presentation of a number of studies on the effect of massage procedures on the physiological, biochemical and psychological status of a person, while work on evaluating the functional indicators of massage therapists during the procedure is rare.

The study aims to determine the functional state of the cardiorespiratory system (CRS) of massage specialists in the dynamics of performing a 30-minute back massage session.

The object of the study was 10 male massage therapists (age 36.0 (29.0;42.0); BMI 24.7(23.3;31.3). The study consisted in performing a classical back massage procedure for 30 minutes according to a generally accepted technique using six massage techniques. To determine the functional state during the work of specialists, an ergospirometric system and measurement of blood pressure (BP) by the Korotkiy method were used.

During the massage procedure, specialists noted an increase in metabolic parameters, oxygen consumption (OC), respiratory coefficient (RC) and energy consumption, as well as blood pressure by the 30th minute of the procedure.

When performing a 30-minute back massage, massage specialists significantly mobilize the links of the cardiorespiratory system. At the end of the procedure, there is an increase in blood pressure. However, the maximum increase in the parameters of the cardiorespiratory system occurs when performing a shock vibration reception.

Limitations. Due to the small sample of the group, it is not possible to statistically reliably assess the significance of changes in some indicators.

Ethics. The protocol of the experiment corresponded to the Helsinki Declaration. The study was developed and conducted in accordance with the methodological guidelines of the Local Scientific Research Committee on Bioethics of the Institute of Physiology of the Komi Scientific Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Contributions:
Garnov I.O. — concept and design of the publication, collection and analysis of research data; writing and editing of the text;
Loginova T.P. — concept and design of the publication, collection and analysis of research data, writing and editing of the text;
Boyko E.R. — writing and editing the text.

Acknowledgement. The team of authors expresses gratitude to the massage specialists of Syktyvkar for their active, correct and gratuitous participation in scientific research.

Funding. The study was conducted within the Framework of the research topic of the Institute of Physiology of the Komi Scientific Research Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences «Physiological and biochemical mechanisms of resistance of the human and animal body to factors of the North and physical exertion, ways to increase it and prognostic assessment» FUUU-2022-0063 (No. GR 1021051201877-3) (2022–2026).

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received: 18.10.2024 / Accepted: 13.11.2024 / Published: 10.12.2024

November 17, 2024 marked the 150^th anniversary of the birth of Nikolai (Nathan) Abramovich Vigdorchik, one of the founders of occupational health, the creator of the country's first department of occupational diseases and a research institute for their study in Leningrad. N.A. Vigdorchik is an iconic figure in Russian occupational pathology. The formation of occupational health as an independent discipline is associated with his name. The biography, creative and scientific path of this man are closely intertwined with the dramatic events of the historical era of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, in which the pioneer scientist lived and worked.

Professor Vigdorchik can rightfully be attributed to those outstanding Russian medical scientists who actively contributed to the progressive formation and development of Russian medical science and practice in the first half of the twentieth century. His multifaceted scientific, pedagogical, therapeutic and social activities had a wide resonance, including at the state level. Thanks to his talent and vast practical experience, N.A. Vigdorchik had the ability to notice in time the shifts in medicine, economics, politics, and the social sphere taking place in our country and abroad, give them a qualified assessment and outline ways to solve topical issues, primarily in the field in which he was an outstanding specialist — occupational health and social insurance. Vigdorchik belongs to that rare breed of specialists who are commonly called encyclopedists. According to the recollections of colleagues, in addition to his brilliant abilities, he possessed excellent human qualities.

In the articles devoted to the life and work of this extraordinary man (especially in connection with the 140^th anniversary), N.A. Vigdorchik's contribution to Russian science and practice is analyzed in sufficient detail. At the same time, the scale of this personality is such that not all facets of his talent are reflected in literature. In this article, the author tried to focus on information that is little known to a wide range of readers, on issues where the role and importance of professor Vigdorchik are very significant, but, in our opinion, are not fully appreciated by contemporaries.

Funding. The study had no funding.

Conflict of interest. The author declares no conflict of interest.

Received: 26.11.2024 / Accepted: 02.12.2024 / Published: 10.12.2024