An analysis of the current state of occupational pathological assistance to the working contingent of industrial enterprises of the Donetsk People's Republic is presented. When analyzing the dynamics of occupational morbidity for the period 2017–2021, it shows a significant increase from 12.3 cases in 2017 to 30.5 cases in 2021 (per 10,000 workers), mainly due to workers in coal mines. Most of all occupational diseases were registered among workers of the main underground professions — miners of a stope (37.5%) and sinkers (23.3%). The observed increase in occupational morbidity is considered from the standpoint of today's specifics of the working conditions of coal mining enterprises in Donbass. First of all, the absence of a leading occupational hazard with simultaneous multifactorial industrial exposure, often exceeding the threshold values of limit values, as well as a change in operating factors and the intensity of their impact during the length of service. Most cases of occupational diseases identified when workers applied for medical help to the Republican Center for Occupational Pathology had pronounced chronic forms of diseases in workers with work experience in harmful production factors of 20–39 years (up to 75%) and over 50 years of age — more than half of all cases (2020 — 52.7%, 2019 — 51.2%, 2018 — 53%, 2017 — 51.8%). At the same time, when analyzing primary medical documentation (originals of outpatient cards, professional examination cards) working in hazardous conditions, it is noted that more than 80% are «healthy». One of the main reasons for the growth of occupational morbidity is the poor quality of medical examinations carried out by general medical institutions, which causes late detection of occupational and work-related pathologies, the development of advanced forms of general somatic diseases that prevent employees from fulfilling their job duties. In the structure of occupational pathology in the DPR, the largest share falls on diseases caused by physical overload — 44.3%; industrial aerosols — 37.1%; physical factors: vibration — 17.2%, noise — 0.7%. It is concluded that all of the above processes are due to a number of interrelated reasons — a change in the socio-economic situation caused the economic instability of coal enterprises, which led to worsening working conditions, a reduction in the number of employees, an increase in intensive appeals to the Republican Center for Occupational Pathology in order to resolve the issue of the relationship of morbidity with the profession, and , consequently, the solution of social problems through compensation for damage to health.

Contribution:
Onishchenko G.G. — significant contribution to the concept and structure of the study, approval of the final version, which is submitted for publication;
Denisenko A.F. — analysis and interpretation of data, writing the text of the article;
Boeva I.A. — making fundamental changes to the text of the article;
Vasyakina L.A. — making fundamental changes to the text of the article;
Dmitrienko V.V. — data analysis and interpretation.

Funding. The study had no funding.

Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests.

Received: 01.11.2022 / Accepted: 09.11.2022 / Published: 25.11.2022

Introduction. In 2020, lung cancer (C34) ranked first in terms of causes of death from all malignant neoplasms and amounted to 1.8 million cases. Malignant neoplasms of the trachea, bronchi, lungs (C33, C34) occupy the first place in the structure of morbidity and mortality of men in the Russian Federation. Preventive measures should be directed to modifiable risk factors, which, in addition to smoking, include production factors. Thus, enterprises and organizations play an important role in the implementation of preventive measures.

The study aims to consider the state of preventive measures aimed at preventing the development of malignant neoplasms of the trachea, bronchi, lungs (C33, C34) on the example of corporate practices of enterprises.

Materials and methods. The researchers conducted a targeted literature search on the research topic, analyzed the materials of the library of the Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs (RUIE).

Results. Of the 80 programs presented on the RUIE website aimed at the company's employees and ensuring occupational safety and health at the workplace, only 12 contain measures aimed at preventing malignant neoplasms of the trachea, bronchi, lungs (C33, C34). These activities are mostly provided by anti-smoking programs.

Conclusion. Concern is caused by the lack of prevention programs in the Library of Corporate Practices, the main purpose of which would be to prevent the development of malignant neoplasms of the trachea, bronchi, lungs (C33, C34) at enterprises of the oil and gas, metallurgical, mining, chemical industries.

Contribution:
Vyazovichenko Y.E. — concept and design of the study, writing of the text, editing;
Khvalyuk P.O. — concept and design of the study, data collection and processing, writing of the text, editing;
Bukhtiyarov I.V. — concept and design of the study, writing of the text, editing.

Funding. The study had no funding.

Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests.

Received: 14.10.2022 / Accepted: 19.10.2022 / Published: 25.11.2022

Introduction. Based on the average consumption of foodstuff, as well as data of the chemical composition of foodstuff, there are calculated the hazard coefficients and indices, individual risk for men working at the "Erdenet" mining and processing plant in Mongolia.

The study aims to assess the health risks of mining and processing workers in Mongolia when exposed to essential Cu, Mo, Se and toxic elements As, Cd, Pb, Hg.

Materials and methods. The content of essential and toxic elements in food rations was calculated from the data of multi-element analysis of samples of local foodstuff, conducted by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. 30 samples of foodstuff were examined for the content of elements: essential Cu, Mo, Se and toxic As, Cd, Pb, Hg. The calculation of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk was carried out in accordance with the guidelines P 2.1.10.1920–04.

Results. An imbalance of the average daily intake of essential elements with the diet in the body of workers has been established: selenium consumption is 80.23% lower than the recommended norms of physiological needs; while the consumption of molybdenum is exceeded by 40.97%. The main sources of molybdenum are bread and bakery products (73.9%) produced from local raw materials.

Limitations. Our study has a number of significant uncertainties related to the identification of the danger of individual toxicants, incomplete ideas about the levels of consumption of vegetables and fruits and their content of essential food substances and contaminants that were not included in the study of chemical composition.

Conclusions. The calculated index of the non-carcinogenic hazard of toxic elements for the health of employees was 0.52, where 0.3 is by arsenic. The main contribution to the total HQ is the intake of essential and toxic elements from food (96.86%), while only 3.14% comes from drinking water.

Contribution:
Tarmaeva I.Yu. — concept and design of research, text writing, editing;
Brown O. — data collection and processing, text writing.

Funding. The study had no funding.

Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests.

Received: 17.03.2022 / Accepted: 27.10.2022 / Published: 25.11.2022

The work is devoted to the physiological and hygienic safety of the use of LED light sources, the analysis of domestic and foreign materials, the analysis of working conditions and training when using LED lamps. The literature was searched in the databases Scopus, Web of Science, etc.

The study of the biological effect of light on humans remains an urgent problem of lighting hygiene. The authors of the article outlined their attitude to a number of scientific papers on this issue, choosing the most significant ones.

The authors of the article studied over 23 works on the scientific study of the effect of LED lighting on the human body in comparison with fluorescent and incandescent paws.

The studies carried out to assess the impact of LED lighting on the functional state and performance of railway workers using approved professional selection methods revealed negative changes. This was expressed in a slight decrease in the functional resistance to color discrimination of green and red signals, as well as in an increase in the response time of a complex visual-motor reaction and a significant decrease in the readiness for emergency action of the examined persons.

Studies have shown that LED lighting affects not only the eyes, but also the human hormonal system, its psychophysiological state, performance and fatigue.

Ethics. This study did not require an ethics committee opinion.

Contribution:
Kaptsov V.A. — research concept and design, data collection and processing, text writing and editing;
Deinego V.N. — concept and design of the study, data collection and processing, writing and editing the text;
Pochtareva E.S. — concept and design of the study, data collection and processing, writing and editing text.

Financing. The study was not sponsored.

Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received: 25.10.2022 / Accepted: 10.11.2022 / Published: 25.11.2022

The article proposes a computational method for determining the concentrations of pollutants inside a ventilated or cleaned room, taking into account the initial conditions and parameters of the flow rate, incoming or purified air, the volume of the room, the initial concentrations of the pollutant in the atmospheric air and in the room air, the parameters of the efficiency of the air cleaner.

The article proposes the solution of two mass transfer equations under known initial conditions for two methods of cleaning rooms. When solving the first equation, a direct mass transfer calculation was carried out, which makes it possible to determine the effect of natural or artificial ventilation used indoors with small linear dimensions on the change in the concentration of the selected air polluting substance in the form of a chemical compound or an aerosol containing biological or chemical pollutants. When solving the second equation, a direct mass transfer calculation was carried out, which makes it possible to determine the effect of the operation of an air purifier used indoors with small linear dimensions on the change in the concentration of the selected air polluting substance in the form of a chemical compound or an aerosol containing biological or chemical pollutants.

Calculations allow us to determine the time during which a residential office or industrial space is saturated with pollutants or cleaned to the required air quality standards, taking into account the influence of factors such as pollution of the surface layers of atmospheric air, the appearance of pollutants inside the room, the performance and efficiency of ventilation or air purification systems. The proposed calculation methods can be used to determine changes in the quality of indoor air over time, including taking into account changes in oxygen concentrations and pollutants indoors, determining the effectiveness of ventilation and air purification systems of various capacities in residential, office, medical and industrial premises.

Ethics. The study does not require the submission of a biomedical ethics committee opinion or other documents.

Contribution:
Martynov D.Yu. — research concept and design, text writing;
Nikanov A.N. — editing;
Kizeev A.N. — editing;
Kulnev V.V. — research concept and design;
Nasonov A.N. — data collection and processing;
Lagutina N.V. — data collection and processing;
Tsvetkov I.V. — data collection and processing;
Kulneva E.M. — data collection and processing;
Mezhova L.A. — text writing;
Lugovskoy A.M. — text writing;
Novikov A.V. — data collection and processing.

Funding. The study had no funding.

Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests.

Received: 07.07.2022 / Accepted: 12.09.2022 / Published: 25.11.2022

Wearing a face mask causes adverse reactions in part of the population. These reactions can be associated with the workplace conditions.

The study aims to analyze subjective reactions to the wearing of masks by employees of transport companies during the COVID–19 pandemic.

In September 2021 the researchers have conducted a survey of transport companies’ workers in various regions of the Russian Federation. Specialists from Sechenov University have developed a questionnaire.

The workers gave the subjective assessment of wearing comfort, frequency and severity of adverse reactions to wearing a mask: skin reactions, facial hyperhidrosis, breathing discomfort, and headache.

We have conducted a survey of 4,732 employees (72.3% men) who used non-woven, neoprene and cotton masks during the pandemic. The wearing comfort of workers with an energy consumption of less than 139 watts was significantly higher than that of all others. In workers with an energy consumption of 233–290 watts, almost all reactions were more pronounced compared to workers with the lowest energy consumption. In women, reactions appeared more often and were more pronounced than in men. In persons working in the warmest climatic region (IV), all reactions were the least pronounced, and comfort was maximal. Those working more than 12 hours a day noted a more frequent and pronounced appearance of all reactions compared to those working 8 hours. Wearing a mask was more comfortable for those working mainly indoors.

Studies allow us to conclude that the portability of masks depends more on the level of energy consumption during operation. The climatic region, the duration of the work shift and the preferred place of work (indoors / outdoors) are somewhat less important.

Limitations. In this study, scientists analyzed the effect of only working conditions on the appearance of adverse reactions to wearing a mask. We have not considered the influence of the mask material and the duration of its wearing, which is the topic of a separate publication. Experts have conducted the study only based on the analysis of subjective assessments of anonymous survey participants. During an objective examination, the dermatologist did not conduct an examination of the appearance of skin reactions. However, a large sample size allows us to draw reliable conclusions.

Ethics. The study was approved by the local Ethics committee (Protocol No. 15-21 of 01.09.2021).

Contribution:
Shashina E.A. — the concept and design of the study, data collection and processing, writing the text
Smirnova T.M. — data collection and processing
Belova E.V. — data collection and processing
Makarova V.V. — editing
Isyutina-Fedotkova T.S. — editing
Zabroda N.N. — writing the text
Klimova A.A. — data collection and processing
Krutko V.N. — the concept and design of the study
Mitrokhin O.V. — the concept and design of the study

Funding. The study had no funding.

Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests.

Received: 14.09.2022 / Accepted: 04.10.2022 / Published: 25.11.2022

The new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus and the COVID-19 disease caused by it in medical workers can be considered as an occupational disease if the infection occurred while they were performing their official duties.

Along with damage to the respiratory system, SARS-CoV-2 can lead to hematological disorders, disorders of the nervous system, the development of autoimmune and rheumatic diseases.

The presented clinical case describes possible serious multisystem pathological manifestations associated with a new coronavirus infection — pulmonary fibrosis, polyneuropathy.

We have described the reinvention of SARS-CoV-2 with subsequent hematological disorders, complications from the musculoskeletal system in the form of aseptic osteonecrosis of the femoral heads.

The scientists have presented the principles and results of the medical examination conducted in order to establish a causal relationship of the disease with the professional activity of a medical worker.

We emphasize the need for a multidisciplinary approach to the diagnosis of manifestations, treatment of COVID-19 and its complications with the mandatory participation of a neurologist and rheumatologist.

Contribution:
Strizhakov L.A. — the concept and design of the study;
Babanov S.A. — the concept and design of the study, text writing;
Gulyaev S.V. — text writing, editing;
Azovskova T.A. — the concept and design of the study, data collection and processing, text writing;
Lavrentieva N.E. — text writing, editing;
Baraeva R.A. — data collection and processing, editing.

Funding. The study had no funding.

Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests.

Received: 22.10.2022 / Accepted: 24.10.2022 / Published: 25.11.2022

Pentasodium salt of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, which is widely used in the chemical industry as an initiator of polymerization processes, has a wide range of toxic properties. However, the normative hygienic standard for the working area in the whole wide world has not yet been established.

Purpose of the study. Experimental substantiation of a large number of one-time MPC of pentasodium salt of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid in the environment.

Pentasodium salt of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, CAS No. 140-01-2, outbred male rats weighing 200–240 g. Research in the field of the protection of animals used for scientific purposes (ETS N 123) is aimed at studying the protection of animals used for scientific purposes. Examinations of experimental studies on animals using generally accepted and unified methods. Statistical processing of research materials was carried out using standard application programs Statistica 10.0.

The mean lethal dose of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid pentasodium salt (DL₅₀) for male white rats is 1702.8±228 mg/kg, the acute inhalation action threshold (Lim_ac) is the concentration of 4.62±0.4mg/m³, the irritant action threshold (Lim_ir) — concentration 2.5±0.2 mg/m³, irritating zone (Z_ir) equals 2.9.

A high one-time maximum allowable concentration of the pentasodium salt of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid in the environment, equal to 0.7 mg/m³, has been scientifically substantiated and experimentally found. Hazard class 2, limiting indicator of harmfulness — irritant effect.

Restrictions. The authors transfer the editors of the exclusive right to natural disasters (publications), other use of the materials of the articles without citing the authors for a specific publication is strictly prohibited.

Ethics. The material of the article was approved by the ethics committee at the Federal Budgetary Institution "Novosibirsk Research Institute of Hygiene" of Rospotrebnadzor (No. 2 of January 14, 2022).

Contribution:
Ogudov A.S. — the concept and design of the study, data collection, interpretation of the results, literature review, preparation of the manuscript, editing and design of the manuscript;
Savchenko O.A. — the concept and design of the study, interpretation of the results, literature review, preparation of the manuscript, editing and design of the manuscript;
Chuenko N.F. — the concept and design of the study, data collection, editing and design of the manuscript;
Bolshakov V.S. — the concept and design of the study, data collection;
Novikova I.I. — the concept and design of the study, interpretation of the results, literature review, preparation of the manuscript, editing and design of the manuscript.

Funding. The study had no sponsorship.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received: 27.05.2022 / Accepted: 19.10.2022 / Published: 25.11.2022

In the works of Yu.V. Moikin, the system of fatigue, overwork, overstrain creation under local and other types of muscle loads is presented. Fatigue genesis theory advanced and developed by Yu.V. Moikin, is based on the results of physiological reactions at various levels of neuromuscular apparatus study (working muscle, spinal cord segmental apparatus, subcortical nuclei, cerebral cortex). Functional state physiological specificities were investigated, informative dynamometric indicators, dynamometric indicators, as well as fatigue level assessment electromyographic criteria were determined. Yu.V. Moikin and his disciples showed the magnitude of muscle tension important significance, as maximum arbitrary force (MAF) percentage of given muscle or muscle group. Numerous professions of physical labor workers physiological assessment allowed to establish that the number of movements is determinant for dynamic work and retained effort total time — for static work. In accordance with Yu.V. Moikin basic theoretical provisions there was scientifically substantiated and developed recreational activities complex for employees of various types of economic activity.

Contribution:
Yushkova O.I. — collecting material, writing text; 
Kapustina A.V. — collecting material, writing text;
Serikov V.V. — collecting material, writing text;
Rubtsov M.Yu. — paper text edition;
All the authors participated in the discussion and approval of the final version of the article.

Funding. The study had no funding.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interests. 

Received: 07.11.2022 / Accepted: 11.11.2022 / Published: 25.11.2022

The article describes the main stages of the emergence, formation and development of the occupational pathology service in one of the largest industrial regions of Russia and the USSR — the Nizhny Novgorod region. The origin of the service was due to the high industrial potential of the region and the plans of the USSR government to significantly increase it.

The materials of the article indicate that the fundamental role in the origin and subsequent development of the occupational pathology service of the Nizhny Novgorod Province belongs to the Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Sofia Israilevna Skundina, who in 1925 headed the newly created professional section of the sanitary department of the Gubzdrav.

Thanks to her work and organizational skills, a polyclinic for the study of occupational diseases began functioning in the city of Nizhny Novgorod, in Sormov in 1926. In 1927 the Nizhny Novgorod Vocational Dispensary was organized, which in 1929 was transformed into the Regional Institute for the Study and Control of Occupational Diseases. In 1929–1932 Sofya Izrailevna actively participated in the creation and organization of a network of medical posts at industrial enterprises of the province. 

In 1931 The Nizhny Novgorod Medical Institute has organized the Departments of Occupational Hygiene and Occupational Diseases (headed by one of the leading occupational pathologists of the country — Professor I.N. Kavalerov) and the Department of Social Hygiene and Health Organization (founded by S.I. Skundina) and started training of occupational pathologists.

Contribution:
Umnyagina I.A. — concept, editing;
Kolesov S.A. — concept, data collection, writing;
Troshin V.V. — editing.

Funding. The study had no funding.

Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests.

Received: 29.09.2022 / Accepted: 24.10.2022 / Published: 25.11.2022