Introduction. Labor activity in the Arctic creates an increased risk of developing occupational diseases. In the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug (CHAO), the basis of the economy is the extraction of coal, placer and ore gold, and other non-ferrous metals, and in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug (NAO) — the extraction of oil and natural gas.

The study aims to learn the risks of development, structure, and prevalence of occupational pathology among employees of enterprises in the Chukotka and Nenets Autonomous Okrugs.

Materials and methods. Scientists studied the results of social and hygienic monitoring under the section "Working conditions and occupational morbidity" in the CHAO and NAO in 2008–2019.

Results. In the NAO, almost two-thirds of employees work at facilities with good sanitary and epidemiological well-being indicators, while in the PRAO, only 12%. In the NAO, almost all occupational diseases (96.8%) resulted from exposure to industrial noise (noise effects of the inner ear), mainly in civil aviation pilots. In the CHAO, occupational diseases mainly developed in miners of mining enterprises (80.6%), among which the most common were noise effects of the inner ear (32.5%), chronic bronchitis (24.1%), mono- and polyneuropathies (12.7%). In contrast to the NAO, in 2008–2019, the level of occupational morbidity in the PRAO exceeded all-Russian indicators and tended to increase. The risk of diseases in 2017–2019 was higher than in 2008–2010: RR=2.51; CI 1.62–3.89, p<0.001. In 2008–2019 the probability of the formation of occupational pathology among employees of enterprises in the CHAO was higher than in the NAO: RR=3.84; CI 2.92–5.06, p<0.001.

Conclusion. To reduce the occupational morbidity of miners of the CHAO, it is necessary to improve personal protective equipment and technological equipment to reduce noise levels, vibration, the concentration of aerosols of predominantly fibrogenic action, and the severity of the labor process. The use of aviation headsets with an increased level of noise reduction will help reduce the exposure of workers to noise. For solving this problem, it is necessary to update the flight fleet of civil aviation in NAO.

The article presents a retrospective of the leading research directions on preserving the health of the able-bodied population of the Republic of Belarus based on the results presented at the XVI Congress with international participation "Profession and Health".

These are the possibilities of monitoring "working conditions-employee health", laboratory assessment of the intensity of the labor process, monitoring the health of workers employed under the influence of industrial vibration, industrial aerosols, development of a risk management system for the development of occupational diseases of certain professions on the Belarusian railway, a pilot project of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Belarus "Caring Polyclinic", assessment of the effects of low-intensity production factors in oil refining, etc.

Introduction. The professional activity of medical workers (MW) is in close contact with daily contact with various factors of the production environment: physical, chemical, biological, and labor processes.

Until 2020, tuberculosis and viral hepatitis prevailed in the structure of occupational diseases (OD) of the medical workers in the Russian Federation. 

According to the State report "On the state of sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population in the Russian Federation in 2020," the first ranking the second place in the structure of occupational diseases, depending on the impact of harmful production factor took the illnesses associated with the action of biological factors — 20,19%, while the main reason for the growth in the incidence of healthcare workers in coronavirus infection COVID-19 (further COVID-19).

The study aims were to identify problematic aspects in the establishment of the COVID-19 work from MW.

Materials and methods. We have given descriptions of clinical cases, as well as a retrospective analysis of issues of OD according to the patient registers of the following medical institutions: the Center of Occupational Pathology of Sechenov University, the Republican Center of Occupational Pathology of the Ministry of Health, Republic of Tatarstan, the Regional Center of Occupational Pathology of the Samara Region.

Results. In 2020, COVID-19 was the most common OD with fatal outcomes and complications in healthcare workers.

Today, difficulties in determining the connection of COVID-19 with the profession arise when assessing the epidemiological history, the consequences after a coronavirus infection, and the formulation of the diagnosis.

Conclusions. For a qualitative examination of the connection of COVID-19 with the profession, it is necessary to develop a list of clinical conditions with the definition of the timing of complications.

Introduction. The authors note insufficient knowledge of pathophysiological mechanisms, the cumulative role of cerebral functioning disorders in the formation of sensorineural deficit in vibration disease (VD).

The study aims to identify changes in indicators characterizing neurofunctional activity in patients with VD due to the combined effects of local and general vibration.

Materials and methods. The study involved 42 patients with VD (group I), 35 healthy men (comparison group). Researchers used methods of electroneuromyography, neuroenergic mapping, and neuropsychological testing.

Results. In group I, when compared with the comparison group, we have detected an increase in latency N9, N10, N11, N13, N25, N30, the duration of the peak interval N10–N13 (p=0,002; 0,0001; 0,0002; 0,0001; 0,0023; 0,005; 0,01 respectively); an increase in local levels of constant potential (LCP) in the frontal, central, right parietal, occipital, right temporal parts of the brain (p=0.037; 0.0007; 0,0005; 0,01; 0,0004; 0,014; 0,029; 0,028; 0,001 respectively).

Cognitive impairments in patients with VD correspond to an easily expressed disorder of analytical-synthetic and conceptual thinking, short-term (auditory-speech), visual imagery, long-term memory, dynamic praxis, joint coordination, impressive and expressive speech.

The revealed conjugacy of the indicators of the LCP of the frontal left abduction, and the latency of the peak N30, duration N13–N20, and the hand of analytical and synthetic thinking (r=0.51, p=0.004; r=0.50, p=0.005, respectively) indicates the pathogenetic significance in the violation of neurofunctional activity of a decrease in cortical activation as a result of the arrival of a sensory message from the brain stem to the cortex, increased energy exchange in the frontal part of the left hemisphere.

Conclusions. A sign of impaired neurofunctional activity in VB from the combined effects of local and general vibration is a decrease in the postsynaptic action of neurons, the time of signal passage through afferent pathways at the level of the cervical spinal cord, dynamic praxis, short-term (auditory-speech) memory, increased energy metabolism in the temporal right and left frontal brain.

The author examines new challenges of ergonomics and occupational health, including unknown risks, issues of prevention, and ethics. The author also presents an overview of modern bioinformatics systems and visualization methods in bioinformatics. The researcher analyzed the health risks of human interaction with large volumes of textual information and advanced computational methods to prevent computer syndrome, including overstrain of the visual analyzer and pain in the back, neck, and hands. The study aims to analyze the representations of hereditary molecular genetic information in the form of graphic patterns available for visual perception, characterizing the initial data, and study the possibility of visualizing large amounts of data using the method of characteristic patterns. The author developed new methods of presenting large volumes of hereditary genetic information in bioinformatic systems. The basis of the method is information processing based on computer algorithms. The methods allow us to visually assess the differences in the genetic structure of various species of living organisms and identify the features of their nucleotide composition. The fixation of the internal ordering of the information signal in an individual graphical quasi-fractal structure is a characteristic feature of the methods considered. It makes it possible to expand the possibilities of visual-analytical thinking of a person when interacting with large amounts of information through bioinformatics tools.

We devoted this article to the problem of causation and evaluation of causality associations in the occupational epidemiology, exposure assessment, occupational health, and industrial medicine using methodological approaches of clinical epidemiology, for which the term "evidence-based medicine" is wider used in the Russian Federation. The researchers paid some attention to the historical aspects of causality assessment in occupational medicine in the Russian Federation. The authors discuss the issues of evidence in occupational medicine, planning, and implementation of epidemiological studies in occupational therapy using specialized questionnaires and clinical, functional, molecular, and genetic techniques. We analyzed the concept of the "risk factor" of the disease along with the organizational and methodological bases of assessment and management of occupational risks in industrial medicine. The paper also offers applied examples of the relative risk assessment, highlighting the advantages and perils of selected methods in a comparative analysis. Scientists have affected the contribution of systematic reviews aiming to mine evidence-based rationale in occupational epidemiology. The authors speculate and conclude on the importance of risk assessment in the overall morbidity reduction in occupational medicine through efficient prevention programs, along with the underpinnings to include work-related conditions in the national loss of occupational diseases.

Hygienic working conditions and the labor process affect the functional state of the body of workers and reflect in the performance indicators of the cardiovascular system.

The study aims to learn the temporal characteristics of heart rate variability in doctors and nursing staff of second-and third-level obstetric institutions.

Scientists examined 228 people of higher and secondary medical personnel with the help of the Varikard 2.51 hardware and software complex. In the dynamics of the working shift, we studied the mean square deviation of the cardiac intervals R-R; the square root of the sum of the differences of a sequential series of NN intervals; the voltage index of regulatory systems. We researched the basis of maternity institutions of the second and third levels in some cities of the Central Federal District: Ryazan, Kolomna, Lipetsk, Smolensk.

The data obtained during the study of the features of the regulatory potential of medical workers of various professional groups allowed us to understand the influence of factors of the labor process on adaptive resources, estimated by the indicators of the time analysis of heart rate variability (HRV). The researchers obtained statistically significant differences in time indicators of heart rate variability (the mean square deviation of cardiac intervals R-R; the square root of the sum of the differences of a consecutive series of NN intervals; stress index of regulatory systems) in professional groups of obstetricians, gynecologists, neonatologists, midwives, anesthesiologists, as well as ward nurses of perinatal centers and maternity hospitals in the dynamics of the work shift.

It is possible to use the results of the conducted research to develop scientifically based recommendations for the prevention of professionally caused overstrain of adaptive systems of the body.

From October 25 to 28, 2021, Canada hosted the 28^th EPICOH Symposium 2021, organized by the Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en santé et en sécurité du travail (IRSST) and the Institute national de la recherche scientifique (INRS)