Work conditions of main occupational groups in production of secondary precious metals, associated with exposure to multi-component industrial aerosol and heating microclimate, determine high level of relative risk of dermatologic diseases development in the workers.
Etiologic share of occupational factors in formation of skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases reaches 88,8% for certain nosologies — that proves high degree of their occupational conditionality. Te authors determined length of service for risk of occupationally conditioned dermatologic diseases.
Findings are that dermatologic diseases influence significantly the parameters of life quality assessed via integral dermatologic indexes.
Randomized clinical study proved efficiency of emollients as addition to present treatment and prevention standards for chronic allergic dermatoses and eczema in workers engaged into secondary precious metals production.

Analysis of 102 lung cancer cases in workers of mining and metallurgic enterprises ofNorilskindustrial region revealed features of course, prevalence of morphologic variants and other disease characteristics related to age and length of service. Te exposure parameters were analyzed by individual carcinogenic risk calculation. In more intense exposure to nickel-containing aerosols in metallurgic production, there are more rapid formation and progress of the oncologic process. Efficiency of timely diagnosis of the disease within periodic medical examinations was proved. Nickel-containing aerosols load was demonstrated as playing an important role in formation of various morphologic variants of lung cancer. Te highest level of affinity to nickel compounds exposure is characteristic for adenocarcinoma, the medium one — for epidermoid cancer and minimal — for small cell carcinoma.

The study presented describes formation of osteopenic syndrome in workers exposed to physical overexertion and general vibration that is associated with changes in bone metabolism and in mineral density of bone tissue. The data obtained prove bone metabolism to be influenced by pituitary and thyroid system hormones in patients with occupational lumbosacral radiculopathy.

The authors studied influence of noise and vibration on cardiac nervous regulation in workers exposed to unfavourable work conditions. Evidence is that noise and vibration induce cardioneuropathy signs manifested in lower general vegetative influence on cardiac rhythm, as well as in its shift to higher activity of sympathetic nervous system. More marked changes are seen at daytime. Findings are that in combined influence of noise and vibration on humans, priority role of negative influence on cardiac regulation is taken by vibration factor.

Complex experimental studies enabled to differentiate character and degree of homoitherm body changes under isolated and combined exposure to hazards associated with plasma technology. Findings are that combined exposure to hazards induces in homoitherm body severe morpho-functional changes: compromised bioenergetic processes in myocardium, microcirculatory disorders in brain and subcutaneous connective tissue, increased morpho-functional activity of spongiocytes in adrenal cortex; higher number of dark mastocytes and their depressed degranulation.
When isolated, each of the factors caused not all the complex of disorders, and the changes registered were less marked. Inflammatory and dystrophic changes appeared to occur in stages involving respiratory tract of workers using plasma technologies.

The laboratory immunologic study covered 106 male workers of aluminium industry, aimed to reveal features of changes in serum immunoglobulines and cytokines levels in accordance with occupational bronchopulmonary disease type: chronic nonobstructive bronchitis, chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD), bronchial asthma. General trend in the revealed changes in the patients with bronchopulmonary diseases is increased serum levels of Ig (IgA, IgM, IgG), anti-infl ammatory cytokines (IL–1b, IL-8) and lower production (TNF-a, IL-4). Findings are multidirectional changes INF-g responsible for inflammatory response mobilization — that was increased vs. reference values in bronchial asthma patients, and in chronic nonobstructive bronchitis patients was lower than in reference group, and higher than in patients with COLD. The changes revealed were associated with disordered ratio IL-4/INF-g. Differences were observed for pleiotropic IL-2: it was hyperproduced in the workers with chronic nonobstructive bronchitis, but in the bronchial asthma and COLD patients it was decreased vs. the reference group and vs. the chronic nonobstructive bronchitis patients. The authors justified informative criteria of bronchial asthma diagnosis.

The authors reviewed literature on influence of occupational vibration on workers. The data presented cover changes of antioxidant, immune and hormonal state, central nervous system disorders, alterations of hemopoiesis, muscular and connective tissues.

The article presents results of studies exemplified by diquat on analysis concerning influence of lower limit value of quantitative assessment in washing sample for safety coefficient in exposure and in absorbed dose, if acting substance is absent in workplace ambient air samples and in dermal washings of workers. To control diquat in dermal washings, there is a method based on ion-pair liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (working wavelength 310 nm). To concentrate sample, cartridges for solid-phase extraction, containing ion exchange sorbent (Oasis MCX 6cc/500 mg), are used. Lower limit of assessment in washing sample — 0,15 micrograms. Experimentally set washing completeness is within range of 80–92%, standard deviation of repetition is 7,0% at most. The method created was tested in nature studies determining dermal exposure in workers subjected to 5 various preparations based on diquat dibromide when used for surface spraying from tractor and from aircraft. For lower limit of detection in washing sample (0,15 micrograms/washing), calculated risk value of exposure varied within 0,26–0,36; risk of absorbed dose was low — 0,23 (the allowable one ≤1). Findings are that present measuring methods which provide lower limit of detection 1 and 5 micrograms in washing sample could result in unallowable risk establishment even with absence of the substance in all samples of workplace air and dermal washings. The calculation formula suggested enables to give theoretic basis for requirements to lower limit of detecting active substances in dermal washing samples for evaluating risk of pesticides use in agriculture.

The authors present results of study concerning risk factors of sleep initiation and maintenance disorders in mental workers residing in Moscow — governmental institutions staffers and medical workers. To evaluate insomnia severity, the authors used questionnaire «Index of insomnia severity», studied work conditions and work-related stress intensity.
The study results prove leading role of work intensity and stress at work in sleep disorders formation. The governmental employees demonstrated positive correlation between integral parameter of work intensity and insomnia severity index (r=0.43). Findings are that work-related stress which was evaluated via psycho-social characteristic of work increases insomnia risk (OR=2.3). Among environmental factors, the maximal role in insomnia formation is played by acoustic factor (OR=1.41). Moreover, somatic disorders were statistically connected with insomnia (OR=1.3). Shares of separate risk factors of chronic insomnia appeared to be age-related. The data obtained enable to optimize complex of measures to prevent chronic insomnia in workers.

The authors studied antioxidant therapy in complex preventive treatment of vibration disease. Findings are high therapeutic efficiency of thioctic acid — better lipid and carbohydrates metabolism parameters, endoneural circulation due to antioxidant, membrane protective, lipotropic and hypoglycemic effects.

Pesticides variety for agricultural purposes is constantly renewed via creation of preparations that are more effective and less hazardous for environment. Implementation of new technologies of their use often anticipates studies of consequences of their application, from the viewpoint of health risk for workers and population. The article covers hygienic evaluation of the pesticide application with aerosol generator use.

The article covers analysis of mental state features of military service personnel of air defense special constructions, and of factors with negative influence on mental state of these individuals.