Environmental factors can influence various parts of the immune system, potentiating the formation of immunopathological processes underlying the development of a large group of diseases.
The study aims to analyze the results of experimental and observational studies to assess the effect of noise, vibration, and electromagnetic fields (EMF) on immunological parameters.
Among the mechanisms of the influence of physical factors on the immune system, most authors single out the action through the neuroendocrine system and the potentiation of oxidative stress.
Experimental studies on laboratory animals to assess the effects of noise on the immune system demonstrate the effect of noise on cellular and humoral immunity, the intensity of an allergic reaction, and sensitivity to infectious agents.
The results of surveys of workers exposed to industrial vibration indicate the influence of this production factor on humoral, cellular immunity, and cytokine status, however, the detected changes in these immunological parameters may be multidirectional.
In vitro experimental studies indicate that after exposure to EMF on immune cells, numerous changes are detected in them. There are studies demonstrating changes in the immune system in people exposed to EMF.
Thus, the analysis of literary sources indicates the influence of physical production factors (noise, vibration, EMF) on the immune status of the body, which determines the prospects of research aimed at developing criteria for evaluating changes in immunological parameters to identify groups at increased risk of developing pathology.
Contribution:
Kuzmina L.P. — concept and design of the review, editing;
Izmerova N.I. — concept and design of the review, editing;
Khotuleva A.G. — collection, processing of material and writing the text;
Tsidilkovskaya E.S. — collection, processing of material and writing the text;
Kislyakova A.A. — collection, processing of material;
Mili H. — collecting material.
Funding. The study had no funding.
Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests.
Received: 28.11.2023 / Accepted: 01.12.2023 / Published: 15.12.2023
ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Introduction. Atmospheric air pollution by volatile sulfur compounds is one of the most urgent environmental and hygienic problems. However, the maximum single maximum permissible concentration (MPC) of dimethyl sulfoxide in the atmospheric air of urban and rural settlements has not yet been established.
The study aims to substantiate the maximum single maximum permissible concentration of dimethyl sulfoxide in the atmospheric air of urban and rural settlements.
Materials and methods. White mongrel male rats weighing 180–240 gr., dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), CAS No. 67-68-5. The authors conducted the study in accordance with the current regulatory, methodological and instructional documents. Experts conducted surveys of experimental animals according to a generally accepted and unified methodology. Statistical processing of the research materials was carried out using standard Statistica 10.0 application programs.
Results. During the study of dimethyl sulfoxide, researchers found that the threshold of acute inhalation general toxic effect (Limac) is a concentration of 2.4±0.09 mg/m3, the threshold of irritant effect (Limir) is 0.6±0.03 mg/m3, the odor threshold (Limolf) is 1.741 mg/m3. Unpleasant odors and general toxic effect of the substance are prevented by a concentration of 0.6 mg/m3, irritant effect — a concentration of 0.3 mg/m3.
Conclusion. In accordance with the principle of the limiting index of harmfulness, a concentration of 0.3 mg/m3 is recommended as the concentration of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in the atmospheric air, which prevents odors, general toxic and irritating effects.
Ethics. The material of the article was approved by the Ethics Committee at the Novosibirsk Research Institute of Hygiene of Rospotrebnadzor (No. 1 of January 21, 2022).
Contribution:
Novikova I.I. — research concept and design, interpretation of the results, preparation of the manuscript, editing and design of the manuscript;
Ogudov A.S. — research concept and design, data collection, interpretation of the results, literary review, preparation of the manuscript, editing and design of the manuscript;
Chuenko N.F. — data collection, literary review, preparation of the manuscript;
Bolshakov V.S. — data collection, literary review, preparation of the manuscript;
Kozyreva F.U. — literary review, preparation of the manuscript;
Bokareva N.A. — literary review, preparation of the manuscript.
Funding. The study had no funding.
Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests.
Received: 18.08.2023 / Accepted: 19.09.2023 / Published: 15.12.2023
Introduction. The stressful effect of local vibration contributes to the development of cerebral dysfunction with the formation of a sensorineural deficit in patients with vibration disease associated with exposure to local vibration.
The study aims to identify the features of changes in somatosensory evoked potentials, neuroenergocarting and neuropsychological testing in patients with local vibration.
Materials and methods. Scientists examined 103 patients with local vibration (group one), 35 healthy men (comparison group). We used methods of registration of somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP), constant potential level (CPL), neuropsychological testing.
Results. The authors revealed in the first group, in comparison with the other group, a significant increase in cerebral energy metabolism in the form of an increase in the level of constant potential in the frontal right and left (Fd, Fs), central (Cd, Cz, Cs), parietal (Pd, Pz, Ps), occipital (Oz), right and central temporal (Td, Tz) brain regions, increased latency of peaks N10, N11, N13, N30, peak interval N13–N18 at p<0.04, cognitive dysfunction with mild damage to prefrontal frontal lobes, inferior temporal and inferior parietal regions, parietal-temporal-occipital zone of the left hemisphere, as well as subcortical structures. The data of the correlation analysis indicate that the slowing down of the ascending somatosensory flow from the level of the brachial plexus ganglia to the ventroposterolateral nucleus of the thalamus contributes to the emergence of a compensatory state in the form of an increase in energy processes in the frontal-central and parietal parts of the cerebral cortex, causing the development of cognitive disorders.
Limitations. The limitations of the study were the lack of studying the effects of local vibration on cerebral hemodynamics and the state of efferent pathways of the central nervous system in patients with local vibration.
Conclusion. Signs of impaired neurofunctional activity in local vibration are an increase in the duration of peak intervals N10–N13 and N11–N13, the latency of peak N10, the level of constant potential of the frontal right and central left leads, the level of constant potential of interhemispheric relations in the central department, a decrease in categorical and conceptual thinking, short-term (auditory) memory, visual gnosis, expressive speech.
Ethics. The study was conducted in compliance with Ethical standards developed in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Association "Ethical principles of conducting scientific medical research with human participation" as amended in 2000 and "Rules of Clinical Practice in the Russian Federation" approved by Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 266 dated 06/19/2003. Informed consent was received from each person to participate in the survey, approved in accordance with the established procedure by the Local Ethics Committee.
Contribution:
Shevchenko O.I. — the concept and design of the study, data collection and processing, writing the text;
Lakhman O.L. — editing;
Rusanova D.V. — data collection and processing.
Funding. The study was carried out within the Framework of the State task.
Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests.
Received: 26.10.2023 / Accepted: 15.11.2023 / Published: 15.12.2023
LITERATURE REVIEW
The article is a review of research on the impact of virtual reality on the functional state and human health. The relevance of the work is due to the growing interest in the use of virtual reality technologies in industry, education, medicine and other fields. At the same time, it is known that more than 80% of users have various side effects.
The authors have analyzed more than 60 foreign literary sources in order to study the peculiarities of the negative effects of being in a virtual environment on human organisms.
An analysis of scientific publications has shown that most of them are devoted to the study of cyber sickness, although researchers note other negative symptoms and effects caused by virtual reality: visual and muscle fatigue, acute stress and mental fatigue. We identified three groups of factors influencing the development of side effects: individual, hardware and software factors, and found that the characteristics of the visual display have the greatest impact on the user's condition.
The disadvantage of most studies is the use of the questionnaire method, as well as the assessment of the impact of short-term work in extended environments on the human body.
The issues discussed in this article form the directions for further research in the field of human interaction and the virtual environment.
Contribution:
Glukhov D.V. — editing;
Kalinina S.A. — collecting material, writing the text;
Merkulova A.G. — collecting material, writing the text.
All authors — approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article, the concept of the study.
Funding. The work had no funding.
Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests.
Received: 11.09.2023 / Accepted: 30.10.2023 / Published: 15.12.2023
It is known that the same environmental factors, including industrial ones, with the same intensity of exposure can cause different responses of the human body depending on its individual characteristics, which are determined, inter alia, by the presence and combination of single-nucleotide polymorphisms of genes responsible for the specificity of the human body's response to stress factors, which causes the importance of their study from the point of view of prevention of public health disorders.
Based on the generalization and systematization of modern domestic and foreign experience, the authors have examined the use of single-nucleotide polymorphisms of genes as markers of increased risk of health disorders associated with exposure to noise in the workplace.
Scientists have identified a list of specific single-nucleotide polymorphisms of genes, the presence of which can affect the development of health disorders when exposed to noise.
It is shown that the use of genetic markers to assess the individual risk of health disorders of persons working under the influence of industrial noise will contribute to the development of personalized medicine and timely prevention of occupational and general diseases associated with exposure to harmful working conditions. The authors have selected for review publications devoted to studies of the body's response to industrial noise, with access to the full text.
Ethics. This study did not require the conclusion of the Ethics Committee.
Contribution:
Mazilov S.I. — research concept and design, data collection and processing, the text writing, editing;
Komleva N.E. — research concept and design, the text writing, editing;
Novikova T.A. — data collection and processing, editing.
Funding. The study had no funding.
Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests.
Received: 10.08.2023 / Accepted: 24.10.2023 /Published: 15.12.2023
FOR THE PRACTICAL MEDICINE
The article presents data on occupational morbidity among medical workers caused by exposure to a biological factor. Modern methods of assessing the risk of occupational infection of medical workers with COVID-19 are considered, including screening based on a questionnaire developed by WHO in 2022 and then adapted for medical workers and the use of a matrix of the impact of a biological factor in the workplace, which will allow to justify a set of effective preventive measures on a large array of data obtained.
Сontribution:
All authors — study concept and design, data collection and processing, text writing, editing.
Received: 01.12.2023 / Accepted: 05.12.2023 / Published: 15.12.2023
In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, medical workers (MW) turned out to be the most vulnerable category of the population at risk of developing psychoemotional disorders.
The study aims to establish the characteristics of the state of the psychoemotional sphere in doctors of surgical specialties of COVID-hospitals, multidisciplinary hospitals (MDH) during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as outpatient clinics (OPC).
We have examined the following groups of doctors: group 1 consisted of doctors of surgical specialties working in COVID‑hospital (n=61); group 2 consisted of doctors of surgical specialties working in a multidisciplinary hospital (n=58); group 3 consisted of doctors of surgical specialties working in the outpatient clinic (n=55); group 4 — the control group included employees of engineering, technical and economic specialties not related to work in medical organizations (n=190). The authors have evaluated the professional burnout syndrome using a questionnaire on the assessment of professional burnout "Maslach Burnout".
The work of doctors of surgical specialties during the COVID-19 pandemic is associated with the impact on medical workers of a number of specific risk factors associated with the provision of medical care to infected patients, as well as with significant changes in work, regarding aspects related to organization, safety, which contribute to increased levels of anxiety, professional burnout, stress.
The work of doctors of surgical specialties during the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19, compared with doctors of multidisciplinary hospitals and outpatient doctors, is associated with an increase in the level of occupational stress, the level of professional burnout. It is necessary to continue research on the emotional state of medical personnel in order to timely carry out preventive treatment to preserve the health of medical workers.
Ethics. The scientists conducted a study within the Framework of the complex topic of the Department of Occupational Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology named after Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation Professor V.V. Kosarev of Samara State Medical University "A systematic approach to early diagnosis, prevention and prediction of the impact of low-intensity production factors on the health of workers" (State registration number AAAA-A18-118122190069-6, registration date applications on 12/21/2018). The study was approved by the local ethics Committee of the Samara State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation on 11/23/2021. Each participant in the study gave informed voluntary written consent to participate in the study and publish personal medical information in an impersonal form in the journal Occupational Medicine and Industrial Ecology.
Contribution:
Ostryakova N.A.— research concept and design, data collection and processing, text writing, editing;
Babanov S.A. — research concept and design, data collection and processing, text writing, editing;
Strizhakov L.A. — research concept and design, data collection and processing, text writing, editing;
Melentyev A.V. — writing, editing;
Lavrentieva N.E. — writing, editing;
Lysova M.V. — writing, editing;
All authors — approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article.
Funding. The study had no funding.
Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests.
Received: 12.10.2023 / Accepted: 25.10.2023 / Published: 15.12.202
The study of the function of external respiration for the purpose of prenosological diagnosis of respiratory pathology related to work is an urgent task in the development of measures for the prevention of health disorders in
workers.
The study aims to conduct a hygienic assessment of the chemical factor of working conditions and indicators of respiratory function in metalworking workers engaged in the metalworking process using lubricant cooling liquids.
We have examined 250 male workers of the Saratov metalworking enterprise. The main group consisted of 145 people working in contact with lubricants and coolants, the control group consisted of 105 people not in contact with lubricants and coolants. The researchers have conducted a hygienic assessment of the chemical factor of working conditions in the workplace and a spirometric study of the function of external respiration in workers. The results of the study were statistically processed using the Statistica 10 program. The concentrations of chemicals in the workers' breathing zone comply with the hygienic requirements for the air of the working area corresponding to permissible working conditions (Class 2). According to spirometry data, the researchers have identified respiratory function values corresponding to the appropriate values, in the absence of statistically significant differences in spirometric indicators between the main and control groups.
To identify the etiological contribution of chronic exposure to lubricants and coolants to the formation of respiratory pathology of workers, it is necessary to conduct additional in-depth clinical, laboratory, functional and epidemiological studies taking into account pollutants present in the air of the working area and their combined effects.
Ethics. The studies were conducted in compliance with Ethical standards and principles of conducting medical research with human participation, set out in the Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Association (ed. 2013). Written consent of respondents was obtained to participate in the study. The study was approved by the local Ethical Committee of the Saratov Hygiene Research Center of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Federal Research Center for Medical and Preventive Technologies of Public Health Risk Management" (Protocol No. 10 of 03/16/2023).
Contribution:
Raikova S.V. — concept and design of the study, data collection and processing, writing the text;
Novikova T.A. — data collection and processing, text writing;
Komleva N.E. — concept and design of the study, editing;
Mazilov S.I. — data collection and processing;
Trubetskov A.D. — data collection and processing.
All co-authors — approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article.
Funding. The study had no funding.
Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests.
Received: 24.08.2023 / Accepted: 29.11.2023 / Published: 15.12.2023
BRIEF REPORTS
Excessive and uncontrolled use of tetracycline antibiotics in animal husbandry and poultry farming is the cause of their toxic effects on the body of employees of the enterprise. The fact of indirect exposure confirms the presence of background concentrations of antibiotics in the urine of workers of livestock and poultry complexes. To assess the toxic effect of background concentrations of antibiotics during inhalation and oral exposure, there is a need to improve the methodological tools of biotesting.
The study aims to evaluate the methodological possibilities for biotesting water and air samples containing tetracycline hydrochloride (THC) in different concentrations using the green algae Chlorella vulgaris as a test object.
The authors considered the main methodological aspects of assessing the toxic effect of tetracycline group antibiotic — tetracycline hydrochloride by bioassay using green algae Chlorella vulgaris as a test object. The criterion for assessing toxicity was the change in the optical density of the algae culture during the day. We have based the criteria for the use of chlorella vulgaris in the biotesting method for assessing the toxic effect of tetracycline hydrochloride concentrations contained in water and air.
Toxicological studies have shown a very high correlation (R=0.99; R2=0.98; A=0.23, p=0.045) between the indicator of the optical density of the algae culture and the concentration of tetracycline hydrochloride in water in the range from 0.006 to 0.1 mg/ml. We have the methodological capabilities of biotesting tetracycline hydrochloride in air at the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) (0.1 mg/m3) and above.
The study showed that the growth reaction of the Chlorella vulgaris green algae culture to the effects of tetracycline hydrochloride makes it possible to develop a methodological apparatus for assessing the toxicity of the antibiotic in concentrations created in working areas at livestock and poultry facilities.
Ethics. The research did not require the conclusion of the Ethics Committee.
Contribution:
Erdniev L.P. — concept and design of research, writing the text;
Gusev Yu.S. — research design, data collection and processing;
Kuzyanov D.A. — experimental research, writing the text;
Kosheleva I.S. — experimental research, data collection;
Mamonova I.A. — data collection and processing, writing the text;
Chekmizov V.A. — experimental research, data processing;
Mikerov A.N. — concept and design of research.
Funding. The study had no funding.
Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflicts of interests.
Received: 19.10.2023 / Accepted: 27.10.2023 / Published: 15.12.2023
Cadmium is one of the most common toxic elements. Due to its great chemical similarity to calcium, copper and zinc, it can replace them. Food is the main route of cadmium intake into the human body. There are very few studies on the effect of low doses of cadmium on the metabolism of trace elements, so it is of interest to study the effects of exposure to low levels of cadmium in brain tissues.
The study aims to evaluate the accumulation of cadmium in the brain of experimental animals and its effect on the level of trace elements.
We have divided the animals into four groups (n=10): the first group served as a control, groups two, three and four, received one, ten and 100 micrograms of cadmium per kg of body weight (Cd1, Cd10, Cd100), respectively, for 30, 60 and 90 days. The researchers injected cadmium chloride solution daily through a gastric tube. The content of cadmium, calcium, copper and zinc in the brain was assessed using atomic absorption analysis.
The results of this study showed that cadmium chloride intoxication did not lead to metal accumulation in the brain in the Cd1 and Cd10 groups, and the value of cadmium concentration in the Cd100 group did not depend on the time of exposure. The researchers have observed statistically significant changes in zinc and copper concentrations after three months of exposure to cadmium. The zinc content increased depending on the dose, and the copper content decreased.
Exposure to cadmium for three months in small doses does not lead to significant accumulation in the brain, but causes an imbalance of essential elements such as calcium, zinc and copper.
Ethics. The study was conducted in accordance with the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals Used for Experiments or Other Scientific Purposes (ETS No. 123), Directive 2010/63/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of the European Union dated 09/22/2010 on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes and approved by the Bioethical Commission of the Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Medicine and Human Ecology.
Contribution:
Fazlyeva A.S. — the concept and design of the study, data collection and processing, writing the text;
Karimov D.O. — the concept and design of the study, writing the text;
Daukaev R.A. — editing;
Smolyankin D.A. — data collection and processing;
Zelenkovskaya E.E. — editing;
Kurilov M.V. — data collection and processing;
Musabirov D.E. — data collection and processing.
All co-authors — approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article.
Funding. Sectoral research program of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human well-being for 2021–2025. "Scientific justification of the national system for ensuring sanitary and epidemiological well-being, health risk management and improving the quality of life of the Russian population" item 6.1.9.
Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests.
Received: 25.08.2023 / Accepted: 14.11.2023 / Published: 15.12.2023
ANNIVERSARIES
ISSN 2618-8945 (Online)
