Introduction. The authors have conducted a study of the influence of the conditions of 21-day antiorthostatic hypokinesia (AOSH) on the dynamics of neurophysiological reactions and cognitive functions of a person on the basis of Institute of Biomedical Problems, RAS, with the participation of six healthy male volunteers aged 24 to 40 years (30.7±5.4) who were in bed with hypokinesia in an antiorthostatic position with an angle of inclination –6° relative to the horizon.

The study aims to determine the dynamics of neurophysiological reactions and cognitive functions of a person during a 21–day AOSH (–6°).

Materials and methods. The researchers analyzed the dynamics of cognitive functions based on the results of performing complex dynamic tasks with elements of uncertainty from the CleverBalls software test block. The authors determined the dynamics of neurophysiological reactions by the relative dynamics index (RDI) of the relative power value (RPV) of all the studied ranges of the EEG spectrum. The experts carried out measurements of all indicators before the start of the study (Background), on the 3^rd (1^st session), 10^th (2^nd session), 17^th (3^rd session) and 21^st (4^th session) days, as well as 3 days after the end of the experiment — aftereffect (After).

Results. Scientists have found an increase in inhibitory processes in the brain as a result of solving complex dynamic tasks with elements of uncertainty in the acute period (3 days) and in the aftereffect. After the acute period and before the end of the experiment, they observed the restoration of brain functions to the background level. An increase in the performance of complex dynamic tasks with elements of uncertainty (according to the indicators "Percentage of correct choice" and "Average harmonic click time") was observed from ten days to the aftereffect inclusive, which indicated, at least, the absence of a decrease in cognitive functions during the 21-day AOSH.

Conclusion. At the end of the experiment, the authors noted a less pronounced increase in Delta and Theta activity than in the acute period, with a simultaneous decrease in Alpha and Beta activity, but at the same time, they did not observe a decrease in the success of cognitive tests.

Ethics. The program of the experiment was approved at the section of the Scientific Council and approved by the Commission on Biomedical Ethics at the Institute of Biomedical Problems, RAS (Protocol No. 599 of 06.10.2021).

Contribution:Polyanichenko A.A. — research concept and design, data collection, analysis and interpretation, article writing;Shlyavtseva D.V. — data collection, analysis and interpretation;Kotrovskaya T.I. — data analysis and interpretation, article writing, article editing;Golubev V.G. — development of a test block for "CleverBalls";Smolyakov D.G. — developer of the software "CleverBalls".

Funding. The work is supported by the theme of RAS No. 63.2 "Research of integrative processes in the central nervous system, patterns of human behavior and activity in conditions of autonomy and under the influence of other extreme environmental factors".

Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests.

Received: 29.06.2023 / Accepted: 13.07.2023 / Published: 05.10.2023

 

Introduction. Experts predict the hygienic standards of medicines in Russia in accordance with the methods common to all medicines (MG 1.1.726-98), developed more than 25 years ago on the basis of experimental materials obtained during the rationing of 66 medicines. By 2023, the content of more than 230 medicines of various pharmacological orientation has already been normalized in the air of the working area. Such an array of experimental materials makes it possible to study the relationship between the values of standard toxicological and pharmacological indicators and hygienic standards approved by law, already within the framework of individual pharmacological groups of drugs with the same mechanism of action, as well as to develop new forecasting approaches taking into account the specifics of pharmacological actions.

The study aims to evaluate existing and develop new computational methods for predicting hygienic standards for the content of medicines in the air of the working area, taking into account the specifics of pharmacological action on the example of a group of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Materials and methods. Scientists studied the pharmacological group of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The main method of the study was a multiple correlation and regression analysis of the relationship between the values of hygienic standards and the values of toxicological and pharmacological parameters. As a mathematical model, the authors adopted a double logarithmic model. We evaluated the suitability of the mathematical model by Fisher's F-criterion, the statistical significance of the regression coefficients by the Student's t-criterion, the quality of approximation by the standard deviation, and the accuracy of the calculation by the average multiplicity of differences.

Results. Experts have identified in a group of 15 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory substances normalized in the air of the working area, a reliable relationship between the values of toxicometry parameters and the values of therapeutic doses, on the one hand, and the values of hygiene standards, on the other. Scientists have developed and selected the most accurate and statistically significant formulas for calculating the safe concentrations of this group of drugs in the air of the working area. We found that the accuracy of the formulas developed by us, taking into account the specifics of the pharmacological action, is higher than that of the formulas from MG 1.1.726-98. From the formulas developed earlier, equations with greater accuracy for the hygienic rationing of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been identified.

Conclusion. Taking into account the specifics of the pharmacological action of medicines when developing mathematical models for calculating the hygienic standard increases the accuracy of the forecast.

Contribution:
Tonshin A.A. — research design, mathematical calculations and writing the text;
Tkacheva T.A. — research concept, editing;
Kayutina S.V. — data collection and processing;
Golubeva M.I. — research concept, editing.

Funding. The study was carried out within the framework of the State Task of research No. FGFE-2022-0006.

Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests.

Received: 02.08.2023 / Accepted: 11.08.2023 / Published: 05.10.2023

Introduction. Ensuring the national interests of the Russian Federation in the World Ocean presupposes the development of medical and sanitary support for maritime activities, which currently requires integrated approaches in implementing the requirements for the preservation of the health of employees of the Russian fleet established by international legal acts on health and medical care in maritime navigation, of which the Russian Federation is a participant. In this regard, harmonization of legislation and improvement of measures related to the organization and functioning of seafarers' health protection centers are of particular importance.

The study aims to conduct comprehensive legal monitoring of national regulatory and methodological documents regulating the activities of seafarers' health protection centers in comparison with international standards.

Materials and methods. The authors have studied and analyzed scientific publications for the period from 1980 to 2023 defining the problems of medical and sanitary provision of water transport workers, methodological approaches of the World Health Organization, the International Labor Organization, the International Maritime Organization in this area, as well as current international and Russian regulatory legal acts, information from official websites of executive authorities and organizations.

Results. The study found that today the system of seafarers' health protection, which previously existed in our country, has suffered significantly, and its restoration requires an integrated approach and centralization of medical support for maritime activities in accordance with the Maritime Doctrine of the Russian Federation and the Concept of Development of the Russian Federation Marine medicine. To this end, in the structure of organizations subordinate to the FMBA of Russia, in large port cities, head and regional centers for the protection of seafarers' health were established, carrying out accounting and analytical, organizational and methodological, regulatory, therapeutic and preventive, expert, scientific and educational activities. An important direction in the work of these centers is the implementation of preventive measures and the identification of occupational and work-related diseases. For the successful development of a unified system of medical and sanitary support for employees of the marine and river fleet, it is advisable to assign the functions of regulatory regulation in this area to the FMBA of Russia.

Conclusion. The restoration of a full-fledged domestic system of providing medical care to water transport workers is possible through the creation and regulatory consolidation of the activities of seafarers' health protection centers in the structure of the FMBA organizations of Russia, which is an essential condition for achieving compliance of the national maritime policy with international requirements in the field of health and safety of navigation while maintaining its strategic goals and interests in the field of maritime and river navigation.

Ethics. The study was conducted in compliance with Ethical standards. This study did not require the conclusion of the Ethics committee.

Contribution:
Voronkova S.V. — research concept and design, data collection, analysis and interpretation, the text writing and editing;
Abakumov A.A. — concept and design of research, writing and editing of the text;
Torshin G.S. — data collection, analysis and interpretation, text editing;
Malinina S.V. — data collection, analysis and interpretation;
Andrusenko A.N. — data collection, analysis and interpretation;
Grabsky Yu.V. — data interpretation, text editing.

Funding. The study was carried out within the framework of the State Task No. 388-00098-23-00 dated 12/30/2022.

Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests.

Received: 07.08.2023 / Accepted: 28.08.2023 / Published: 05.10.2023

Introduction. The causes of occupational skin diseases in 40% of cases are in the absence or unsatisfactory condition of dermatological personal protective equipment. Professional protective skin care remains the main requirement of occupational safety.

The concept of skin screening is giving way to a new approach — the restoration of its own epidermal barrier. Etiopathogenetic prevention technologies are based on inactivation of irritating chemicals and allergens, binding and neutralization of heavy and alkaline earth metal ions, as well as platinoids. The safety assessment of dermatological personal protective equipment is regulated by the state and in accordance with TR CU 019/2011 "On the safety of personal protective equipment", and the effectiveness assessment is voluntary for manufacturers.

The study aims to develop a scheme for conducting clinical testing of evaluation of dermatological personal protective equipment for workers exposed to certain production factors.

Materials and methods. Skin tests are a standard method of allergological diagnosis.

In order to exclude additional sensitization that occurs when taking skin samples with a production allergen, for the reliability of detecting preclinical manifestations of sensitization, the researchers used an in vitro diagnostic method (determination of specific immunoglobulin E — Ig E). To assess the effectiveness of dermatological personal protective equipment on persons working in contact with nickel-containing compounds, the authors determined the nickel content in the blood by atomic absorption method. They evaluated the barrier function of the skin using the "Skin-o-mat" device from "Cosmomed GmbH", Germany.

Results. The specialists proposed a scheme for conducting clinical testing of the evaluation of dermatological personal protective equipment for workers, including an assessment of the barrier function of the skin and in vitro diagnostic methods. The authors evaluated the parameters in dynamics — before and after using. This scheme makes it possible to exclude additional sensitization of employees.

Limitations. The study is limited by the number of workers who underwent periodic medical examinations at the clinic of Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health who have contact with nickel compounds in the workplace.

Conclusion. The etiopathogenetic clinical approbation of the evaluation of the effectiveness of dermatological personal protective equipment on workers in production conditions includes an assessment of the skin and an assessment of the barrier-protective function of the skin with the fixation of indicators. To study the effectiveness of skin protection products, an important point is the rational and reasonable selection of groups of approbants on which the study of the protective properties of these products will be carried out.

Ethics. The authors have carried out the study in accordance with the Ethical standard set out in the Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Association of 1964 (with amendments and additions from 2013).

Contribution:
Izmerova N.I. — concept and design, data collection and processing, writing the text;
Kuzmina L.P. — concept and design, editing;
Chistova I.Ya. — data collection and processing, writing the text;
Bezrukavnikova L.M. — editing.

Funding. The study had no funding.

Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests.

Received: 06.09.2023 / Accepted: 18.09.2023 / Published: 05.10.2023

Introduction. In aluminum production workers, the most common occupational pathology is bronchopulmonary diseases, which are characterized by the formation of comorbid pathologies. Oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary and cardiovascular pathologies.

The study aims to research the indicators of oxidative metabolism and antioxidant protection in aluminum production workers with occupational bronchopulmonary pathology (OBPP) during work and post-contact period.

Materials and methods. During the study, on the basis of the therapeutic department of the clinic at East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research, scientists examined 130 patients — workers of aluminum production, with an established professional diagnosis of the bronchopulmonary system both during work and in the post-contact period. The authors have analyzed the indicators of oxidative stress, lipid metabolism and the concentration of antibodies to oxidized low-density lipoproteins.

Results. In patients with OBPP, decreased superoxide dismutase activity was more common during work than in the post-exposure period. About 60% of the examined patients had elevated cholesterol levels, almost 40% had higher reference values of the atherogenicity index and the content of antibodies to oxidized low-density lipoproteins. Cholesterol levels in high-density lipoproteins in individuals with OBPP in the long-term period were lower than in individuals with the same pathology during the work period.

Conclusion. The depletion of antioxidant protection in workers in the post-contact period of the OBPP, the researchers noted in the form of a decrease in the activity of superoxide dismutase in every third person examined, which can lead to the formation of endothelial dysfunction. An increase in the fractions of atherogenic cholesterol is accompanied by a significant increase in the occurrence of a reduced level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, which has anti-atherogenic properties.

Ethics. The examination of patients met ethical standards in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of the World Association "Ethical Principles of Conducting Scientific Medical Research with Human Participation", as amended in 2000 and the "Rules of Clinical Practice in the Russian Federation", approved by Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 266 of 06/19/2003. All the surveyed signed an informed consent to participate in the study. The protocol of the study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the East Siberian Institute of Medical and Environmental Research (Protocol No. 6 of 10.03.2020).

Contribution:Beigel E.A. — concept and design of the study, design and editing of the article, responsibility for the integrity of the article;Kudaeva I.V. — concept and design of the study, collection and processing of the material, editing of the article, approval of the final version of the article;Masnavieva L.B. — collection and processing of the material.

Funding. The work was carried out within the framework of the State task.

Conflict of interests. The author declares no conflict of interests.

Received: 25.08.2023 / Accepted: 04.09.2023 / Published: 05.10.2023

 

Introduction. In the coal industry, 78.7% of employees work in places with harmful working conditions, which play a leading role in the development of not only professional, but also industrial diseases, the leading of which are diseases of the cardiovascular system. The identification of preclinical systolic dysfunction of the left ventricle and the assessment of the role of traditional and professionally determined risk factors for the development of systolic dysfunction of the left ventricle in workers of the main professions of the coal industry is of scientific interest.

The study aims to assess the risk factors for the development of heart failure with a preserved left ventricular ejection fraction in workers of the main professions of the coal industry.

Materials and methods. The study included 101 employees of the main professions of the coal industry and 80 employees of the paramilitary mine rescue unit. The subjects had no somatic pathology, which could lead to structural and functional changes of the heart. The scientists performed echocardiographic and ultrasound examinations of the main arteries according to standard methods and assessed the generally accepted risk factors for the development of cardiovascular pathology (smoking, abdominal obesity, body mass index, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, glycated hemoglobin).

Results. The researchers revealed systolic dysfunction of the left ventricle significantly in miners more often in the form of a decrease in longitudinal deformation (27.7% of miners versus 7.6% of paramilitary rescuers, p=0.0005), while its average value is also significantly lower in miners and has a value below the established norm (–17.2±0.044 and –19.3±0.03, p=0.0005). The authors found no significant differences in the frequency of commonly accepted risk factors: abdominal obesity, smoking, atherosclerosis of the main arteries, dyslipidemia and the level of glycated hemoglobin in miners and workers of the mine rescue unit, as well as in miners, depending on the index of longitudinal deformation of the left ventricle.

Conclusion. The obtained results indicate the need for a prenosological diagnosis of systolic dysfunction of the left ventricle, studying it in dynamics and simultaneously expanding the search for risk factors, which will allow early prevention of this complication in workers in harmful working conditions.

Ethics. The study was conducted in compliance with the standards of the Bioethical Committee of the Research Institute of Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases, established in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of the World Association "Ethical Principles of Scientific Medical Research with Human Participation" as amended in 2013 and the "Rules of Good Clinical Practice" approved by Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation dated 01.04.2016 No. 200n. The subjects signed an informed consent to participate in the study.

Contribution:Korotenko O.Yu. — concept and design of research, data collection and processing, collection of literary data, writing the text;Filimonov E.S. — data collection and processing, editing;Martynov I.D. — concept and design of research, editing.

Funding. The study had no funding.

Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests.

Received: 26.04.2023 / Accepted: 20.08.2023 / Published: 05.10.2023

Introduction. Landfills of production and consumption waste exist everywhere. Their operation is closely related to unwanted emissions and/or discharges of dioxins. The processes of transfer of these chemicals by air and water flow outside sanitary zones, inclusion in trophic chains, bioaccumulation and overcumulation can contribute to the launch of a toxic process when low subtoxic doses are contained in the medium. It is especially important to take this into account for agro-industrial and residential regions.

The study aims to assess the dioxin pollution of the environment outside the sanitary zone of the solid waste landfill of production and consumption "Lesnaya" (landfill "Lesnaya") by initial (screening) studies of the expected risk to public health.

Materials and methods. Experts characterized dioxin contamination by concentrations of compounds toxic to humans in specially prepared samples, as well as indicators of general toxicity (WHO-TEQ₀₅). The researchers obtained samples from the surface layers of soil and animal carcasses representing successive generations (groupings) of the winter and summer seasons of the natural population of the bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus). Concentrations of related substances were measured by high-resolution chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Results. All samples contained dioxins. The good comparability of the profiles of congeners of these substances in soil samples and animal tissues testifies to the general history of their origin, as well as the formation of conditions in the environment for the almost continuous action of small doses of mixtures of these substances on the inhabitants. In soil samples, the values of the WHO-TEQ₀₅ index were significantly less than the hygienic standard. In animal tissues, concentrations of congeners characterized by pronounced hormone-like toxicity, teratogenic, embryotoxic and carcinogenic properties, primarily 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, were very high.

Conclusions. The consequences of prolonged exposure to the local natural population of the bank vole of small doses of dioxins in conditions of environmental pollution outside the sanitary zone of the Lesnaya landfill were characterized by the accumulation in their tissues of toxicants with hormone-like properties capable of triggering the mechanisms of formation and development of the toxic process at any concentrations. The scientific and practical significance of the obtained result is determined by the prospects for creating a methodological technique based on it to solve the problem of initial (screening) assessment of the risk to public health, namely the danger of low concentrations (doses) of dioxins polluting the environment.

Ethics. Scientists have conducted the studies involving animals in accordance with the following rules: Helsinki Declaration of 2000 "On humane treatment of animals"; Order of the Ministry of Health of the USSR No. 755 of 12.08.1977 "Rules for carrying out work using experimental animals"; Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia No. 199n of 01.04.2016 "On approval of the rules of laboratory practice". The method of euthanasia complied with the requirements of Article 6 and Annex IV of the Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council of the European Union 2010/63/EC of 22.09.2010 on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes.

Contribution:Rumak V.S. — research concept and design, data collection and processing, the text writing, editing;Myshlyavkina T.A. — data collection and processing;Lavrenov A.R. — sample preparation and data processing;Shelepchikov A.A. — measurement of congener concentrations in samples;Umnova N.V. — research concept and design, data processing, the text writing, editing.

Acknowledgement. The authors express their gratitude to Maxim A. Shingarkin (public figure, deputy of the State Duma of the 6^th convocation, founder of the foundation "Grazhdanin") and Andrey V. El’kin (public figure, ecological activist) for help in conducting the study.

Funding. This study was performed according to the State programs of A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution (Russian Academy of Sciences) and M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU) and was supported by the regional ecological public foundation "Grazhdanin". Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests. Received: 01.08.2023 / Accepted: 12.09.2023 / Published: 05.10.2023