Introduction. In the context of the introduction of 5G cellular communication systems in a megalopolis, the problem of hygienic assessment of industrial and non-industrial conditions of human EMF exposure created by new communication systems and devices is of particular importance, taking into account their contribution to the overall level of the electromagnetic background.

The study aims are an instrumental assessment and analysis of the contribution of 5G generation base stations to the electromagnetic environment of a megacity under various operating scenarios.

Materials and methods. Frequency-selective measurements were carried out to assess the actual electromagnetic environment created by the operation of base stations of cellular communication networks of various generations (GSM, UMTS, LTE and 5G) in commercial operation on the territory of a modern metropolis using the forced traffic generation method.

Results. Based on field measurement data, the authors assessed and analyzed the contribution of 5G generation cellular base stations to the electromagnetic environment in the megacity, including in conditions of forced generation of subscriber traffic. Studies have shown that the highest levels of EMF (up to 61.93 µW/cm²) were recorded at full load of two ATs, with 80% of the contribution coming from one BS of the 5G standard. When operating a single AT, the levels decreased to 44.2 µW/cm², and the contribution to the electromagnetic environment of the active BS reached 96%.

Limitations. The limitations of the study are determined by the number of control points considered, the type of measurements, and the operating modes used for the 5G generation BS in the FR1 range.

Conclusions. In the open territory of a megalopolis, when assessing the contribution of 5G BS to the electromagnetic environment, it is necessary to take into account the influence of subscriber traffic when developing and justifying criteria for hygienic assessment of EMF levels created by promising cellular communication standards.

Ethics. The study does not require the submission of a conclusion from the biomedical Ethics Committee or other documents.

Contributions:
Perov S.Yu. — research concept and design, collection of material, editing, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article;
Belaya O.V. — research design, material collection and data processing, text writing, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article;
Mitriushina A.V. — data processing, text writing, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article.

Acknowledgement. The authors would like to thank the National Center for Occupational Hygiene and Occupational Diseases (Karaganda), Kcell and Tele2 mobile operators of the Republic of Kazakhstan for their assistance in organizing and conducting research.

Funding. The study had no funding.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received: 22.10.2025 / Accepted: 00.00.2025 / Published: 21.11.2025

Introduction. The activities of locomotive crew workers are associated with severe and prolonged psychoemotional stress caused by frequent acute stressful situations. Such conditions contribute to the development of maladaptive mental states such as occupational stress, burnout syndrome, and depressive disorders. According to a number of studies, more than 65% of machinists have a high level of chronic stress, while stress tolerance decreases significantly after 5–7 years of work experience. Timely detection and prevention of these maladaptive conditions becomes critically important as a condition for maintaining mental and emotional health and preventing occupational diseases.

The study aims to consider the features of occupational stress among locomotive crew workers in order to substantiate the current directions of their prevention and correction.

Materials and methods. The study involved 100 male drivers and 64 assistant drivers, aged 19 to 60, who worked in the passenger railway transportation system. The psychodiagnostic complex included: The Maslach Burnout Questionnaire, the Neuropsychic Disadaptation Questionnaire, the Beck Depression Scale, Y.V. Scherbatykh's Method of Complex Assessment of Stress Manifestations, the Holmes and Rahe Stress Resistance and Social Adaptation Scale. The assessment of labor process stress class was carried out according to R 2.2.2006-05.

Results. Machinists showed higher levels of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization (p<0.05); reduction of personal achievements is the leading factor of burnout in both groups (32.0% and 30.1%). The third degree of burnout was recorded in 34.0% of machinists and 22.2% of assistants. Machinists also have more pronounced manifestations of professional maladaptation, stress load and low stress tolerance than assistants (p<0.05). A low level of stress resistance was found in 54.0% of machinists and 31.7% of assistants. Employees over 40 years of age and with more than 5 years of experience have the least favorable conditions. Limitations. A single data collection does not allow us to draw conclusions about the causal relationships between variables. The limited sample size, gender, and geography reduces the representativeness of the results. The influence of seasonal and shift factors that could affect the psycho-emotional state of employees was not considered.

Conclusion. The results of the study indicate the need to develop and implement a multi-level system of psychoprophylaxis and psychological support aimed at preventing the development of maladaptive conditions, increasing stress tolerance and maintaining the professional health of locomotive crew workers. Increased attention should be paid to the mental state of machinists, age and length of service characteristics and family factors should be taken into account, and the condition of employees with previously identified maladaptive mental states should be regularly monitored.

Ethics. The completed study did not require the conclusion of the Ethics Committee.

Contributions:
Glukhov D.V. — concept, research design, editing;
Kostenko N.A. — concept, design of the study;
Eremeeva A.G. — research design, data processing, text writing, editing;
Kalinina S.A. — research design, text writing, editing;
Karmazina E.V. — data collection and processing, text writing;
Borisova E.V. — data analysis and interpretation, text writing.

Funding. The study had no funding.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received: 16.10.2025 / Accepted: 23.10.2025 / Published: 21.11.2025

Introduction. Physiological and anthropometric features of the body are often reflected in the processes of thermoregulation and indicators of the thermal state. Body mass index is an accessible criterion for detecting diseases and can contribute to understanding the causes of individual differences in thermoregulatory reactions.

The study aims to determine the relationship of body mass index with thermoregulatory reactions and indicators of the thermal state of the body.

Materials and methods. Scientists conducted a study with the participation of medical workers in infectious diseases departments and volunteers in modeling the work activities of representatives of various professions. During the study, medical workers and volunteers used personal protective equipment, performed physical and mental labor tasks in acceptable or warming microclimatic conditions. The Pearson correlation between body mass index and the thermal condition of the study participants was evaluated.

Results. The data obtained during the study indicate the presence of an average (from 0.48 to 0.67) or strong (0.94) correlation between body mass index and average hourly moisture loss with sweat and the presence of a negative correlation (–0.39) between body mass index and changes in heat content, which indicates the importance of the anthropometric criterion in the formation of the thermal state. This connection is also confirmed by the literature data of domestic and foreign scientists.

Conclusion. The revealed correlation may indicate the presence of a physiological basis in the formation of the thermal state and contribute to understanding the causes of individual differences in the thermoregulatory reactions of the human body.

Ethics. The study was conducted in compliance with ethical principles and norms, extracts from the minutes of meetings of the local Ethics Committee of the Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health No. 4 dated 05/29/2020, No. 3 dated 03/10/2021, No. 2 dated 03/23/2022, No. 9 dated 11/23/2022 were obtained.

Contributions:
Konyukhov A.V. — research concept and design, data collection and processing, text writing;
Burmistrova O.V. — writing text, editing;
Shuporin E.S. — research concept and design, data collection and processing.

Funding. The study had no funding.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received: 07.10.2025 / Accepted: 27.10.2025 / Published: 21.11.2025

Introduction. One of the mechanisms of the pathological reaction to prolonged exposure to coal dust is a violation of the balance of pro- and antioxidants in body tissues in the direction of increasing the intensity of oxidative reactions. Perspective way to normalize this balance may be the use of flavonoids, substances of plant origin that have the ability to increase the level of antioxidant protection systems of cells. A widespread flavonoid is dihydroquercetin, for which antihypoxic, antioxidant and organoprotective effects have been shown in various experimental models in this work.

The study aims to explore the organ-specific effects of dihydroquercetin on the pro- and antioxidant balance in the dynamics of experimental dust exposure.

Materials and methods. Scientists have conducted a study on 90 male Wistar rats exposed to coal dust for 9 weeks with simultaneous administration of the drug dihydroquercetin, followed by studies of the initial level and rate of accumulation of free radical oxidation products, superoxide dismutase and catalase activity in the lungs, heart and liver.

Results. The organ-specific features of the effect of dihydroquercetin on the pro- and antioxidant balance in the early and late stages of coal-dust exposure are shown. The protective effect of dihydroquercetin can be explained by its ability to induce intracellular antioxidant systems (lungs and liver) in the early stages (1–3 weeks) of dust exposure, and to exhibit superoxide-binding and catalase-like effects (heart) in the late stages (6–9 weeks). With prolonged use of dihydroquercetin for the prevention of damage caused by coal dust, special attention should be paid to liver tissue, which is highly sensitive to excessive activation of free radical processes.

Limitations. It is possible that the use of other antioxidant drugs in the dynamics of experimental dust exposure will lead to different results.

Conclusion. With prolonged use of drugs with antioxidant properties, it is necessary to study the initial level and rate of accumulation of free radical oxidation products, the activity of antioxidant protection enzymes.

Ethics. The study was approved by the local Ethics Committee of the Research Institute for Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases (Minutes of meeting No. 4 §2 dated 11/18/2021). The animals were kept, fed and removed from the experiment in accordance with the requirements of the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrates Used for Experimental or Other Scientific Purposes (ETS No. 123, Strasbourg, 18.03.1986).

Contributions:
Zhukova A.G. — research concept and design, text writing, editing;
Gorokhova L.G. — material collection and data processing, statistical processing, text writing;
Gostyaeva E.P. — collection of material and data processing, statistical processing;
Mikhailova N.N. — editing;
Sazontova T.G. — editing.

Funding. The study had no funding.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received: 30.09.2025 / Accepted: 02.10.2025 / Published: 21.11.2025

Preserving the reproductive health of female workers is a priority task of occupational health and demographic policy. Modern (2000–2025) peer-reviewed publications from international (PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus) and Russian (eLibrary, RSCI) scientific databases on the impact of occupational risks on the reproductive health of female workers are analyzed.

The authors selected original studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses containing quantitative risk assessments using strict inclusion/exclusion criteria. For the analysis, they used standardized epidemiological indicators: odds ratio (OR), relative risk (RR) and etiological proportion (EF). The review results demonstrate a statistically significant association between exposure to harmful occupational factors and reproductive function disorders, including pregnancy complications and decreased fertility.

The presented analysis convincingly shows that the problem of protecting the reproductive health of workers (especially women) is of social and demographic importance and emphasizes the need to move from simply identifying existing disorders to assessing and managing occupational risks.

Contributions:
Fesenko M.A. — research concept and design, data analysis and interpretation; approval of the final version;
Golovaneva G.V. — research concept and design, data analysis and interpretation, editing;
Gainullina M.K. — research concept and design, data analysis and interpretation, editing;
Miteleva T.Y. — collecting and processing material, writing text;
Vujtsik P.A. — collecting material, writing the text of the article section;
Utkina N.S. — collecting material, writing the text of the article section;
All authors — approving the final version of the article and for ensuring the integrity of all parts of the article.

Funding. The study had no funding.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received: 06.10.2025 / Accepted: 20.10.2025 / Published: 21.11.2025

The term "asbestos" unites two groups of minerals: amphiboles and chrysotile. Despite the different physico-chemical and, as a result, biological properties of both species, a number of countries do not differentiate between the species, considering them equally dangerous and prohibiting the use of both, while others, including Russia, adhere to a policy of controlled use of chrysotile and prohibition of the use of amphiboles (which comply with the provisions of a number of ratified international documents). Currently, Russia is pursuing a policy aimed at eliminating asbestos-related diseases (ARD), in connection with which a number of measures are being implemented, including "improving supervision and control over safety in the use of asbestos." One of these measures is the introduction of new control methods. Their introduction into domestic practice requires a generalization of international and Russian experience in this field, i.e., the study of historical and other aspects of the use of asbestos and asbestos-containing materials from the standpoint of occupational health.

The analysis of literary data on PubMed® and elibrary.ru platforms is carried out according to the keywords "asbestos", "асбест", as well as according to the bibliographic index of Kashanskiy S.V. with an emphasis on the achievements of the last 10 years.

It is shown that asbestos was used in ancient times, and industrial use began at the end of the 19^th century. Almost immediately, studies appeared showing the connection of a number of diseases with exposure to asbestos. Their uncontrolled use has led to an epidemic of acute respiratory viral infections, which has been demonstrated in numerous studies.

Instead of a complete ban, as a number of countries have done, others have begun to apply measures to reduce the cumulative impact, which has affected the incidence of AOS. Consideration of the control features of fibrous types of dust has become an important criterion for their hygienic assessment. This made it possible to assess the impact not only in industries related to the extraction of asbestos and the manufacture of asbestos-containing materials (ACM), but also when using ACM.

The impossibility of completely eliminating contact with asbestos shows the expediency of a risk-based approach to the use of asbestos and possible consequences for the health of workers and the public. Further studies using an individual approach to impact assessment that takes into account the hygienic characteristics of fibrous dusts.

Contributions:
Drugova O.G. — collection of literature data, writing a text;
Fedoryuk A.A. — collection of literature data, writing;
Kovalevsky E.V. — collection of literature data, writing a text, editing;
Tskhomaria I.M. — collection of literature data, writing a text, editing
All authors — developed the concept and design of the study, collected primary data, processed the data, and are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the article.

Funding. The study had no funding.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received: 20.10.2025 / Accepted: 23.10.2025 / Published: 21.11.2025

The relevance of considering the issues of differential diagnosis of pulmonary dissemination syndrome in clinical practice is dictated by a similar X-ray picture in various clinical conditions. A thorough approach to the diagnosis of disseminated lung diseases in the examination of the association of diseases with professional activity involves a complete examination algorithm in order to exclude general somatic pathology and confirm the diagnosis with histological studies. A crucial factor for the recognition of a disease related to professional activity is the presence of long-term work experience in a profession with harmful working conditions in contact with dust, chemical factors exceeding the maximum permissible concentrations. The deciding factor for the recognition of a disease related to professional activity is the presence of long experience in a profession with harmful working conditions in contact with dust, chemical factors exceeding the maximum permissible concentrations.

This publication presents a clinical case of a patient in order to draw attention to the importance of dynamic monitoring of the patient, monitoring of examination data, including multispiral computed tomography of the chest organs in dynamics, a joint coordinated approach to the diagnosis of the disease according to a single algorithm of the occupational pathologist and general practitioners. The analysis of sanitary and hygienic characteristics, the results of the examination of related specialists in order to exclude a common somatic pathology similar in X-ray data, as well as dynamic monitoring will make it possible to correctly verify the diagnosis and start appropriate treatment in a timely manner.

Ethics. The article was approved by the Ethics Committee at the Novosibirsk Scientific Research Institute of Hygiene of Rospotrebnadzor (Protocol No. 5 dated September 2, 2025).

Contributions:
Ivashchenko I.E. — research concept and design, data collection and processing, text writing, editing;
Kuzmenko M.A. — research concept and design, text writing, editing;
Alexandrova I.V. — research concept and design, data processing;
Miller O.Yu. — data collection and analysis;
Alekhno A.S. — data collection, analysis, editing.

Funding. The study had no funding.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received: 23.09.2025 / Accepted: 27.10.2025 / Published: 21.11.2025

The widespread use of asbestos-containing materials, a large number of asbestos deposits, and a long and latent period of development of asbestos-associated diseases still make it relevant to study the molecular aspects of the development of pathological conditions caused by contact with asbestos. A deeper understanding of the changes that occur in response to exposure can help diagnose, prevent irreversible changes in lung tissue, and assess the risk of developing asbestos-associated diseases.

The study aims to explore the plasma metabolome of people exposed to asbestos-containing dust.

The authors have examined 20 employees of the chrysotile asbestos mining and processing enterprise. The main group included male interns who were exposed to asbestos-containing dust in the air of the work area. The comparison group included men who work at the same enterprise and have no contact with asbestos-containing dust.

A semi-quantitative metabolomic analysis of human plasma was performed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Laboratory findings demonstrated significant changes in the levels of three metabolites (betaine, valerylcarnitine, and PE 38:6) in the exposed workers compared to the controls. Distribution of the subjects by chrysotile exposure levels revealed statistical differences in concentrations of ten metabolites, including choline, valerylcarnitine, LPC 17:0, LPC P-18:1, LPC 19:1, LPC 20:1, LPE O-18:1, PC 40:8, PC 37:4, and SM 33:1;O2.

The plasma metabolite levels in the workers occupationally exposed to asbestos dust may indicate changes in the composition of the lung surfactant and energy metabolism disturbance. Phospholipid metabolism was most affected, reflecting the reaction to lung damage, the direction and degree of change of which probably depend on the intensity of exposure.

Limitations. The sample is limited by the small number of participants and their male gender.

Ethics. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles set out in the Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Association and approved by the local Ethics Committee of the Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers (Protocol No. 7 dated 03.10.2022).

Contributions:
Unesikhina M.S. — research concept and design, material collection and data processing, statistical processing, text writing;
Sutunkova M.P. — research concept and design, editing;
Kikot A.M. — editing;
Drugova O.G. — editing.
All authors — approving the final version of the article and ensuring the integrity of all parts of the article.

Funding. The study had no funding.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received: 27.08.2025 / Accepted: 29.10.2025 / Published: 21.11.2025