The labor activity of modern doctors of various specialties is inextricably linked with pronounced mental, nervous and emotional stress, as well as the complex impact of physical, chemical and biological factors, the simultaneous influence of which can lead to the development of a wide range of occupational diseases. The intensive introduction of digitalization in healthcare also leads to a significant negative impact of modern technologies on the health of doctors and medical personnel.

The analysis of the literature made it possible to identify priority areas for the introduction of digitalization in healthcare: improvement of the regulatory framework for the use of information systems, creation of specialized training centers for employees, development of convenient and well-optimized information systems and interface, scientific justification and development of preventive measures aimed at preserving the health of health workers. In this regard, it is advisable to take measures to develop the skills of safe use of electronic devices, leading a healthy lifestyle, which will further minimize the potential risks of negative impact of information and communication technologies on the health of medical workers.

Contribution:
Kaminer D.D. — writing the text;
Milushkina O.Yu. — the concept and design of the study, the editing;
Sheina N.I. — the editing;
Bulatseva M.B. — writing the text;
Girina M.D. — data collection and processing;
Paleeva M.F. — data collection and processing.

Funding. The study had no funding.

Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests.

Received: 16.06.2023 / Accepted: 23.08.2023 / Published: 05.09.2023

Introduction. The formation and progression of occupational pathology of the bronchopulmonary system during prolonged contact with fibrogenic dust are closely related to changes in the concentration of certain pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the bloodstream. The change in cytokine expression is due to the presence of polymorphism of certain genes, which results in quantitative or structural changes in proteins that can affect the course and outcome of dust lung diseases.

The study aims to determine the associations of single-nucleotide polymorphisms of cytokine genes with the formation of occupational dust pathology of the lungs.

Materials and methods. Scientists examined 140 coal mine workers who had been exposed to high concentrations of coal and stone dust for a long time. We divided the study participants into 2 groups. The main group included 75 miners with a previously established diagnosis of "dust pathology of the lungs", the comparison group consisted of 65 men working in the same sanitary and hygienic conditions, but without an established occupational disease of the bronchopulmonary system. The research groups are comparable by gender, age and ethnicity. The scientists carried out genotyping by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction in real time.

Results. Experts have identified a number of gene polymorphisms associated with the risk of developing occupational pathology of the bronchopulmonary system as a result of exposure to fibrogenic dust in Kuzbass miners. They also found that the following markers predispose to the formation of occupational lung pathology in miners: allele C and heterozygous genotype C/T of the polymorphic locus rs1800896 of the IL-10 gene, allele C of the polymorphism rs1800795 of the IL-6 gene, homozygous genotype T/T of the IL-4 gene (rs2243250). In turn, the T allele and the homozygous T/T genotype of the rs1800896 polymorphism of the IL-10 gene, as well as the G allele of the rs1800795 polymorphic locus of the IL-6 gene have a protective effect on the development of occupational lung dust pathology.

Limitations. The conducted study has limitations in the form of a relatively small sample size and the lack of quantitative determination of the concentration of cytokines in the blood.

Conclusion. The results of the conducted studies indicate the contribution of polymorphic variants of the genes of the studied pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines to the formation of genetic predisposition and resistance to the development of dust pathology of the lungs of professional genesis. With the help of the obtained informative markers, it is possible to assess the risk of developing dust lung diseases in miners working in contact with high concentrations of coal-rock dust.

Ethics. The Bioethical Committee of the Research Institute of Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases has approved the study. The examination of patients was carried out on the basis of ethical standards developed in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Association "Ethical principles of conducting Scientific medical research with human participation" as amended in 2013 and "Rules of Clinical Practice in the Russian Federation" approved by Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 266 dated 06/19/2003. The study was conducted with the written consent of the subjects.

Contribution:Kazitskaya A.S. — concept and design of research, collection and analysis of literature, statistical processing, text writing;Zhukova A.G. — editing;Yadykina T.K. — conducting genetic research;Gulyaeva O.N. — conducting genetic research;Panev N.I. — collection of material.

Funding. The study had no funding.

Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests.

Received: 18.04.2023 / Accepted: 04.08.2023 / Published: 05.09.2023

 

Introduction. The peculiarities of the clinical course of bronchopulmonary diseases, which occupy a large place in the structure of occupational diseases in coal mine workers, are largely due to a violation of immune reactivity, which is important to take into account for the development of effective preventive and therapeutic measures.

The study aims to explore the features of the immune status in occupational chronic obstructive pulmonary disease of varying severity in coal mine workers.

Materials and methods. The scientists have conducted a survey of 110 miners, who worked in underground conditions with an average concentration of aerosols of predominantly fibrogenic action at the workplace up to ten or more times higher than the maximum permissible concentrations, with an established diagnosis of occupational chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The control group consisted of 89 trained miners who also worked in dust conditions above the maximum permissible concentrations, without bronchopulmonary pathology. The above groups had no statistical differences among themselves in age and work experience in dusty conditions. The authors also conducted an immunological examination.

Results. Researchers have identified the features of the immune status in occupational chronic obstructive pulmonary disease — the development of combined immune insufficiency with damage to the humoral link of immunity (decrease in serum immunoglobulin G) and phagocytic activity of neutrophils. At the same time, we have an increased level of proteins of the acute phase of inflammation (C-reactive protein and haptoglobin) and an increased level of circulating immune complexes as an indicator of a high antigenic load. In patients with severe occupational chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the suppression of the humoral link of immunity increases (a decrease in the relative and absolute amount of CD20⁺ and the level of serum immunoglobulin G), as well as the phagocytic activity of neutrophils compared with patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease of moderate severity and a comparison group that can contribute to the development and recurrence of the infectious and inflammatory process not only in the lungs, but also in other organs.

Conclusion. The authors revealed the development of combined immune insufficiency with damage to the humoral link of immunity (decrease in serum immunoglobulin G) and phagocytic activity of neutrophils in miners with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. With a severe degree of the disease, there are more pronounced violations of the humoral link of immunity and phagocytic activity of neutrophils.

Ethics. This medical study with the participation of a person as a subject was carried out in compliance with the Ethical principles presented in the latest version of the Helsinki Declaration, developed by the World Medical Association.

Contribution:Panev N.I. — research concept and design, data collection and processing, the text writing, editing;Evseeva N.A. — data collection and processing, the text writing;Kungurova S.O. — data collection and processing, the text writing;Korotenko O.Yu. — data collection and processing;Rumple O.A. — data collection and processing;Danilov I.P. — data collection and processing, the editing.

Funding. The study had no funding.

Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests. Received: 26.04.2023 / Accepted: 04.08.2023 / Published: 05.09.2023

Introduction. Employees of the main professions of aluminum production have a high level of professional and production-related pathology, primarily diseases of the circulatory system associated with the long-term influence of vasotoxic factors on the body. The pathogenetic course of angiopathies does not proceed in isolation, it is predetermined by chronic fluoride intoxication and hereditary component. The establishment of associations determined on the basis of studying the polymorphism of glutathione-S-transferase genes with the risk of developing comorbid cardiovascular pathology makes it possible to use genetic analysis in its early diagnosis.

The study aims to explore the polymorphism of GST genes in aluminum industry workers with comorbid cardiovascular pathology.

Materials and methods. The authors have carried out the study using clinical and molecular genetic diagnostic methods in workers of the main professions engaged in the production of aluminum, with chronic occupational intoxication with fluorine compounds and persons with individual signs of fluoride exposure to the skeleton (comparison group). By detecting extended deletions in the loci of the GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes, the researchers have assessed the association of the studied genotypes with the risk of chronic intoxication and atherosclerosis.

Results. In the cohort of patients (36.58%) and in the comparison group (16.98%), the authors have revealed a combined form of cardiomyopathy complicated by coronary atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease. Also, scientists have established significant differences in the frequency distribution of genotypes of GST genes. Homozygous polymorphism GSTT1 0/0 is a risk factor for the development of occupational pathology against the background of the predominance of the normal genotype GSTM1⁺. Predictors (GSTT1 0/0, GSTM1 0/0) of the risk of atherosclerosis associated with hypertension in persons with chronic fluoride intoxication were determined.

Conclusion. The association of GST genes with the development of comorbid cardiovascular pathology was determined in the structure of professional and production-related pathology in aluminum industry workers.

Ethics. We have conducted the study of employees at the aluminum plant on a voluntary basis with the written consent of the examined persons on the basis of a specialized clinic of the Research Institute of Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases in accordance with the Ethical principles of conducting scientific and medical research with human participation ("Rules of Clinical Practice in the Russian Federation", Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 266, 2003; Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Association "Ethical principles of conducting scientific medical research with human participation", 2013).

Contribution:Yadykina T.K. — research concept and design, literature analysis, genetic research, statistical processing, text writing, editing;Korotenko O.Yu. — conducting clinical trials;Semenova E.A. — conducting clinical trials;Bugaeva M.S. — literature analysis;Zhukova A.G. — concept and design of research, conducting genetic research.

Funding. The study had no funding.

Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests.

Received: 18.04.2023 / Accepted: 03.08.2023 / Published: 05.09.2023

This paper provides a review of the literature for the analysis and assessment of the occupational risk of reproductive health disorders of male workers under the influence of harmful physical factors of production.

To assess the risk of exposure to harmful industrial physical factors on the reproductive health of male workers, the authors have applied the method of analytical review of the data obtained.

Literature data show that the work of men in conditions of both high and low temperatures can lead to a violation of reproductive function. In the bakery, ceramic, steel, welding and other industries, working conditions are characterized by the presence of hyperthermia. Researchers have identified a violation of reproductive function in male workers, along with changes in the physiological parameters of the body's homeostasis.

There are few studies on the effects of noise and vibration on the reproductive health of working men, and there are few studies on the effects of ultra- and infrasound. The consequences of such exposure are disorders of hormonal status, spermatogenesis, leading to further changes in reproductive function, impotence and infertility. Scientists confirm these data with experimental studies on animals and volunteers.

Exposure to ionizing radiation is a proven factor of reproductive dysfunction, which leads to changes in the quantity and quality of sperm, reproductive hormones. The consequence of exposure to ionizing radiation are chromosomal abnormalities, leading to congenital anomalies in offspring.

It has been shown that the biological effect of electromagnetic fields of various frequency ranges (cell phones, microwave ovens, laptops, devices with Wi-Fi, as well as other types of non–ionizing radiation — low-frequency electromagnetic fields and extremely high-frequency) on reproductive organs can manifest itself in changes in spermatogenesis indicators, DNA damage, genomic instability, hormonal regulation and work disorders protein kinases, hormones, antioxidant enzymes, leading to disorders of sexual behavior, decreased fertility, up to infertility.

The presented data show that harmful occupational physical factors can lead to violations of the reproductive health of male workers. Currently, there is no systematic approach to solving the problem. In this regard, it is necessary to develop a scientifically sound system for assessing occupational risk and making managerial decisions to preserve reproductive health, since a decrease in the fertility of male workers potentially affects the well-being of the family and society as a whole.

Contribution:
Fesenko M.A. — concept and design of research, analysis and interpretation of data; approval of the final version;
Golovaneva G.V. — concept and design of research, analysis and interpretation of data, the editing;
Miteleva T.Yu. — collection and processing of material, writing the text;
Vujtsik P.A. — collection of material, writing the text of the section of the article.
All co-authors — approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article.

Gratitude. The authors express their gratitude to A.V. Miskevich, an employee of the laboratory, for his help in collecting literature.

Funding. The study had no funding.

Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests.

Received: 29.06.2023 / Accepted: 02.07.2023 / Published: 05.09.2023

 

The production conditions of non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises can be characterized by a high severity of the labor process due to excessive physical exertion, constant exposure to intense noise, increased vibration levels; inhalation of industrial aerosols, dust and chemicals; exposure to unfavorable industrial microclimate. The most common types of professionally conditioned and occupational pathology in employees of non-ferrous metallurgy departments are sensorineural hearing loss, vibration disease, radiculopathy, lung and upper respiratory tract diseases, diseases of the musculoskeletal system.

In order to summarize the information and identify the peculiarities of working conditions and health status of employees of non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises, the researchers analyzed the relevant scientific literature on the bibliographic databases Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine and RSCI using theoretical methods of scientific cognition.

The most intense impact of production factors is characterized by the working conditions of workers of underground divisions of non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises.

At the same time, the presence of a specific chemical factor associated with exposure to dust and gas mixtures and aerosols of non-ferrous metals causes the development of morbidity in workers of metallurgical industries for processing and enriching raw materials of non-ferrous metals with toxic alveolitis, bronchial asthma, malignant neoplasms, diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, blood and central nervous system. In this regard, at non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises, when planning a set of preventive measures, the identification of groups of diseases associated with working conditions and caused by the presence of a specific chemical factor of exposure to dust and gas mixtures and aerosols of non-ferrous metals should be considered a necessary condition for preserving the health of workers.

Ethics. This study did not require the conclusion of the ethics committee. 

Contribution:
Shur P.Z. — research concept and design, the editing;
Redko S.V. — research concept and design, data collection and processing, text writing;
Fadeev A.G. — data collection and processing;
Goryaev D.V. — data collection and processing;
Fokin V.A. — data collection and processing, text writing.

Funding. The study had no funding.

Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests.

Received: 10.04.2023 / Accepted: 06.05.2023 / Published: 05.09.2023

Introduction. Ensuring traffic safety on the railway network involves the development of complex predictive models that take into account both the state of technology and the influence of the "human factor" in order to minimize the risk of erroneous actions and prevent accidents.

The study aims to research the mistakes of railway transport operators (using the example of locomotive crew workers).

Materials and methods. The authors have conducted the study on the basis of analysis of the database of erroneous actions of employees of locomotive crews (2020–2021), submitted by the Research Institute of Railway Transport (according to the agreement on joint scientific cooperation between the Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health and Research Institute of Railway Transport).

Results. The database recorded 104,515 cases attributed to 291 types of erroneous actions with qualitative differences that reflected the degree of risk to the safety of train traffic. The most common categories of violations related to the maintenance of train documentation, errors in locomotive control, non-compliance with the speed limit, disconnection of locomotive safety devices, speeding, brake control violations, violations of the rules of negotiations, the passage of a forbidding signal. In relation to employees who committed violations, the most common disciplinary penalties were identified (analysis of the case in technical classes, deprivation of an employee of a bonus in the amount of 25, 50 and 100%). In a number of cases, several different disciplinary penalties were applied to one employee at the depot for the same violation.

Limitations. Inability to get access to the protocols of psychophysiological examination of employees of locomotive crews.

Conclusion. The obtained scientific results allow us to assert that the productivity and safety of the operator's activity correlates with the level of professional training and the mechanisms of its inclusion in the activity. The prospects for further research of the problem of ensuring the safety of locomotive crews' employees consist in a detailed study of the combined effect of factors of the working environment and the labor process in conditions of increasing labor intensity, increasing speeds and volumes of railway transportation. It is necessary to study the ratio and role of such indicators as reliability, professional suitability and readiness of the employee to perform functional duties in the event of an emergency.

Ethics. The study was carried out on the basis of documents submitted by JSC "Russian Railways". The documents contained the number and typology of mistakes made by employees of locomotive crews in the period 2020-2021. The scientists have conducted the study in accordance with the Ethical principles of anonymity, confidentiality, respect for the rights of the subject of the study, the principles of scientific and impartiality.

Contribution:
Bogdanova V.E. — the text writing, editing;
Zakrevskaya A.A. — data processing;
Serikov V.V. — research concept.

Funding. The study had no funding.

Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests.

Received: 24.04.2023 / Accepted: 03.05.2023 / Published: 05.09.2023

Introduction. Mining industry workers are at risk, as heavy metal compounds that are part of copper-zinc pyrite ore can accumulate in their bodies. One of the sensitive parts of the body to the action of heavy metals is blood, in which leukocytes play a leading role.

The study aims to explore the effect of copper-zinc pyrite ore on the quantitative and corpuscular properties of peripheral blood leukocytes.

Materials and methods. A group of researchers have conducted an experimental study on 48 white mongrel male rats aged 3–4 months, weighing 210.5±10.5 g. For 30 days, an aqueous suspension of ore powder was orally administered to rats daily at a dose of 600 mg/kg of animal body weight. In the ore sample under study, the proportion of lead and cadmium was 0.060% and 0.009%, respectively. In accordance with the conditions of the experiment , the scientists have divided the rats into the following groups: a control group in which the rats did not receive ore; an experimental group in which rats received ore for 10 days; an experimental group in which rats received ore for 20 days; an experimental group in which rats received ore for 30 days. The researchers measured blood parameters using a veterinary semi-automatic hematology analyzer Vet Exigo 19 (Sweden), which determined the following parameters of leukocytes: total number of leukocytes, absolute number of lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes. We calculated the average volume of lymphocytes, granulocytes and monocytes based on histograms of the distribution of cells by volume issued by the device. To assess the statistical significance of the differences in variables, the authors used the Mann–Whitney U-test.

Results. In the experimental group of animals after 30 days of ore intoxication, the average volume and number of granulocytes and monocytes increased statistically compared to the control. The authors have revealed a correlation between the parameters of cell distribution and the average volume in leukocyte populations at different times of ore intoxication.

Conclusion. The effect of copper-zinc pyrite ore on the condition of the leukocyte link of peripheral blood was an increase in the average population volumes of all types of leukocytes by the 30th day of the experiment, due to a change in the ratio of the number of cells of different sizes and the degree of heterogeneity of the populations.

Limitations. The limitation of this study is the model of oral administration of copper-zinc pyrite ore in the form of an aqueous suspension.

Ethics. The authors have conducted the study in compliance with the "Rules of work using experimental animals". The study was approved by the local Ethics Committee of the Bashkir State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Protocol No. 5 of 13.09.2017.  

Contribution:
Ayupova A.R. — the concept and design of the study, data collection and processing, the text writing;
Ziyakaeva K.R. — data collection and processing, the text writing;
Kayumova A.F. — the concept and design of the study, the editing;
Shamratova V.G. — the editing.

Gratitude. The authors express their gratitude to Valentin Nikolaevich Pavlov, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Rector of the Bashkir State Medical University of the Ministry of Health, Russian Federation, for his assistance in conducting the study.

Funding. The study had no funding.

Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests.

Received: 26.06.2023 / Accepted: 18.08.2023 / Published: 05.09.2023