The authors present generalized data on radiation accidents in USSR in 1949-1991 and in Russian Federation in 1992-2015, associated with clinically significant irradiation of humans. Over 65 years on territory of USSR and Russian Federation, there were at least 352 radiation accidents with irradiation of 748 victims having clinically significant consequences. Out of these, 230 accidents happened on nuclear industry enterprises, with affected 421 workers of the enterprises. 216 victims were diagnosed with acute radiation sickness, including cases complicated with local radiation lesions. Overall, in first 3-4 months after the irradiation, 44 nuclear power industry workers died. In Russian Federation, since 1992 only 4 similar cases with the personnel irradiation and one deceased were registered - that speaks of high level of work safety on these enterprises.

The work was aimed to evaluate adaptation of acute radiation sickness patients suffered in Chernobyl nuclear power station accident and in various radiation accidents, who underwent follow-up psychophysiologic examination. Clinical and psychophysiologic follow-up examination covered 32 acute radiation sickness patients, out of which 11 ones with severe and extremely severe grade, who underwent Chernobyl nuclear power station accident, and 21 acute radiation sickness patient from other radiation accidents. The authors demonstrated leading role of such psychologic traits as hypochondriasis, anxiety about health, emotional tension, anxiety, inclination to depression, frustration tension, low self-confidence, affect rigidity, discontentment about situation and personal position in it, restriction of contacts with others - in decrease of strength and integration of behaviour, that caused adaptation disorders in distant period among acute radiation sickness patients suffered from Chernobyl nuclear power station accident and in acute radiation sickness patients from other radiation accidents, and in connection with features of the stress situation and of the examinees' personality. Intellectual faculties (according to Kettell test) and imaginative and logic thinking (Ravenn test) in the patients underwent radiation accidents were not affected, but was higher than the average in acute radiation sickness patients suffered from Chernobyl nuclear power station accident, especially in first 15 years of observation, and equalled to intellectual level of acute radiation sickness patients from other radiation accidents in the following 15 years of observation.

The article covers a problem ofoccupational health formation in future doctors. The study results demonstrated that most future specialists have no persistent motivation to practical activities, have some risk factors hazardous for health state. Increased students' morbidity lowers efficiency of teaching process and also restricts future professional activity. The data obtained helped to define directions of work on health preservation and prevention of occupationally related diseases in higher education students.

The authors present review of regulation documents and results of RF Interdisciplinary expert boards activities on finding relationships between diseases, disablement and death of individuals exposed to radiation factors due to Chernobyl accident. Consideration covered regulation documents and legislation basis of Interdisciplinary expert boards on finding relationships between diseases, disablement and death of individuals exposed to radiation factors due to Chernobyl accident. Citizen categories are determined as those having a right to present documents to Interdisciplinary expert boards for examination to establish cause relationship of disease, disablement and death due to ionizing radiation. Interdisciplinary expert boards results during 2010-2015 are presented.

The authors analysed methods of noncontacting diagnosis, promising for use to evaluate psychophysiologic state of individuals working under exposure to ionizing radiation. The article covers wide spectrum of innovation technologies for distant registration of physical events in human body (vascular flow, fluctuation characteristics of whole body and its single parts). Advantages and drawbacks of various distant diagnostic methods are discussed for their use in occupational medicine.

Trials and training are among key instruments that provide anti-accident alertness and reliable method to test a system of responding to accidents. The authors present actual practice of anti-accident trials and training with participation of Burnazian Medical Emergency Radiation Dosimetry Center FGBU GNTs FMBTs. Results also cover joint research anti-accident training of Russian FMBA institutions and «Rosatom» State corporation in case of radiation accident during removal of exhaust nuclear fuel within Russian-Norway cooperation. Experience of anti-accident trials and training helped to formulate main requirements to organization of teaching process in Russian FMBA institutions.

The article covers information on factors hazardous for medical students' health: educational activities character, social hygienic and anthropotechnogenous environmental factors. The study results helped to reveal the most informative and significant parameters influencing health state. Concepts and new facts obtained characterize features of students' health state formation during higher educational professional training. The authors calculated and suggested mathematic models of system to determine main directions of health worsening during professional training.

Actual documents of sanitary epidemiologic regulation contain general requirements for medical supply of radiation safety without specified requirements to various aspect of medical care for radiation objects personnel. The article is nearly first to present complex of requirements determining contents, organization and order of measures aimed to medical and psychophysiologic selection and periodic control of personnel, and topics of sanitary hygienic support of radiation safety. The authors analyzed results of radiation hygienic examination of work conditions for personnel utilizing nuclear submarines and nuclear technologic service ships. Recommendations are specified to improve medical service and radiation protection for workers engaged into utilization of nuclear submarines and nuclear technologic service ships.

The article presents results of occupational morbidity analysis in workers of uranium and coal mines. Occupational morbidity in workers of PAO “PPGHO” appeared to be 1.8 times lower than that in workers of coal mines with underground mining method. Over the observation period, the authors noticed significant increase of occupational morbidity among workers of PAO “PPGHO”. In the occupational morbidity structure, malignancies occupy significant place.

The authors evaluated allostatic load in nuclear power stations workers. Allostasis is considered as a systemic body response on three hierarchic levels: psychic, psychophysiologic and physiologic. The article contains new method of allostatic load index evaluation. Integral assessments of psychic, psychophysiologic and physiologic state are used as markers of allostasis. Reliable correlation is seen between allostatic load index and examinees' age, length of service, presence of psychosomatic diseases, functional disorders of central nervous system.

The authors analyzed clinical and pharmaceutical properties of medicines in group of antidotes directed against radionuclides incorporated into human body. Clinical pharmaceutical characteristics of contemporary medications in this group, allowed for clinical application, are given. Clinical examples of using antidotes for radionuclides incorporation are demonstrated. The article covers general principles of contemporary medications use, so that in accidental incorporation of radionuclides internal human irradiation can be reduced.

The authors present data of prolonged clinical observation of patient underwent relatively uniform radiation exposure (4,3 Gy). Stable RBC and WBC counts within normal ranges were seen over 27 years. Neutrophils count transitory exceeded normal values probably due to exacerbation of chronic diseases in the patient (chronic tonsillitis and chronic bronchitis). Lymphocyte and platelet conts were the least stable: frequent lymphocytosis, lymphopenia and nearly constant (over 27 years) transitory moderate thrombocytopenia. Usually thrombocytopenia was considered as a manifestation of chronic persistent hepatitis. Cytogenetic studies of peripheral lymphocytes cultures via trichromatic FISH-method demonstrated presence of high levels of translocations - that indicates their presence in other cell lines and could be a source of malignant transformation. The discussion section considers various ways of leucosis clone formation. The conclusion stresses that the studied leucemia case is a polyethiologic disease with undoubtfully high contribution of accidental radiation exposure.