Introduction. In modern armed conflict, the topic of acoustic monitoring and control has acquired a special resonance. Features of the work of the engineering and technical staff (ETS) (increased intensity and increased time for changing weapons options on an aircraft, round-the-clock operation, participation of a special category of ETS (operators of unmanned aerial vehicles — UAVs) in the use of aircraft for their intended purpose as part of flight crews and launch crews of unmanned and remotely piloted aircraft outside the main home zone, working in conditions of a possible attack on the airfield by means of enemy destruction, etc.) led to an increase in acoustic, psychoemotional and physical stress. The category of ITS UAV operators requires special attention due to its relative territorial isolation and constant change of location.

The aim of the study is to obtain initial information about the acoustic conditions in which ETS activities are carried out in order to further substantiate the combat capability maintenance system of this category in the priority areas of its editing (improvement).

Materials and methods. Noise measurements at ETS workplaces were carried out using special equipment using GOST 12.1.003-2014 and GOST ISO 9612-2016, and in accordance with the "Methodology for measuring the equivalent sound level in the workplace based on a work operation strategy" (MI PKF-14-010). To assess the impact of noise from a pulsating M135 air-jet engine, 5 scenarios of noise impact on ETS were implemented, depending on the conditions, modes and duration of operation.

Results. For one and several pulsating air-jet engine launches, a significant excess of sound levels in terms of an 8-hour working day was recorded for all scenarios of ETS location. The range of excess for one start was from 15,3 to 36,1 dBA. For repeated launches, the excess ranged from 22,3 to 43,1 dBA.

Limitations of the study. The research was conducted with the participation of ETS, which has no medical contraindications for work in the profession and is allowed to perform tasks based on the results of periodic medical examination according to the orders of the Russian Ministry of Defense.

Conclusions. An aircraft UAV, based on a working pulsating air-jet engine jet engine, is a source of high-intensity excess noise. Under such operating conditions, occupational and occupational diseases can form, in addition, such noise exposure can cause a violation of the quality of ETS operational activities (an increase in the time of operations and the number of erroneous actions). In this regard, it is relevant to develop and implement anti-noise measures through the use of ETS individual and collective protection equipment.

Ethics. The research was conducted in compliance with the generally accepted scientific principles of the Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Association (ed. 2013) and in accordance with the Program-methodology developed by the Central Research Institute of the Air Force of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and coordinated with the structural unit of the employer, which manages ETS. ETS is informed about the procedure for conducting industrial research in terms of the list of methods and principles of voluntariness and anonymity. Due to the absence of personal data in the research materials, informed voluntary consent of employees is not required.

Contributions:
Dragan S.P. — research concept and design, analysis of measurement results;
Soldatov S.K. — writing and editing;
Matasova O.Y. — collecting and processing material, writing text and editing;
Gadzhiev A.A. — participation in acoustic measurements;
Kravchuk V.V. — conducting and analyzing the results of acoustic measurements;
Gelever K.R. — conducting and analyzing the results of acoustic measurements;
Illarionov A.A. — organization of research, provision of source data;
Lykov V.V. — organization of research, provision of initial data.

Funding. The study had no funding.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received: 10.12.2025 / Accepted: 04.02.2026 / Published: 27.03.2026

Introduction. Achieving longevity in work requires early diagnosis and timely correction of not only occupational but also chronic non-communicable diseases. To optimize the methodology for managing the health risk of employees, comparative studies of the effectiveness of various forms of organization of screening diagnostics are advisable.

The study aims to compare the effectiveness of periodic medical examinations (PME) of workers in adverse working conditions and medical examinations of certain groups of the adult population for early diagnosis of cardiovascular and oncological diseases.

Materials and methods. The authors have conducted a retrospective analysis of the PME results (Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 29n dated 01/28/2021) of employees of engineering enterprises aged 40–60 years for 2025. The main group (n=312), in comparison with the results of the first stage of medical examination (Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 404n dated 04/27/2021), was a control group consisting of employees of those enterprises of the same types of economic activity, formed according to the 1:1 compliance index by age, production factor (silicon dioxide dust, organic solvents, local vibration), n=312. The sources of information were outpatient medical records (form No. 046/y) for the main group, medical examination records (form No. 131/y) for the control group, and data from the Unified State Information System in the Field of Healthcare in the Novosibirsk Region. The endpoints are cases of newly diagnosed diseases of the circulatory system (ICD–10 codes I10-I25, I30–I69), malignant neoplasms (ICD–10 codes C00–C97).

Results. In the PME group, there were more cases of hypertension (OR 2.82, 95% CI 1.67–4.76), coronary heart disease (OR 2.76, 95% CI 1.06–7.14), atrial fibrillation (OR 3.08, 95% CI 1.01–9.66), heart failure (OR 2.67, 95% CI 1.10–6.48). Experts identified more risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, especially type 2 diabetes/prediabetes (OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.10–4.31) and tobacco smoking (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.13-2.19). The early stage of heart disease was diagnosed mainly with PME. There were also more cases of malignant neoplasms in the PMO group — 11 (2.5%), of which 9 were at an early stage, compared with 5 (1.6%) during medical examination (χ²=3.01, p=0.049). The percentage of confirmation of diagnoses during further examination was higher in the PME group.

Limitations. The limitations of the study are due to a single–center, single-stage design; data bias related to sources — databases of medical documentation — is possible.

Conclusion. For those working under the influence of adverse industrial factors, PME are more effective than clinical examination for the early diagnosis of cardiovascular and oncological diseases.

Ethics. The study was conducted in compliance with the Ethical principles set out in the Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Association; in accordance with the ethical standards and regulations stipulated in the Bulletin of the Higher Attestation Commission of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation No. 3 of 2002. The study design included only the analysis of medical records and electronic databases.

Contributions:
Shpagina L.A. — research concept and design, data collection and analysis, text writing;
Kondyurina E.G. — data collection and analysis, text writing;
Zelenskaya V.V. — data collection and analysis, writing text;
Kotova O.S. — data collection and analysis, text writing;
Karmanovskaya S.A. — data collection and analysis, writing text;
Kuznetsova G.V. — data collection and analysis, text writing;
Kamneva N.V. — data collection and analysis, writing text;
Surovenko T.N. — writing the text.

Funding. The study had no funding.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest,

Received: 14.02.2026 / Accepted: 20.02.2026 / Published: 27.03.2026

Introduction. Occupational sensorineural hearing loss (OSNHL) is one of the most common occupational diseases. Individual genetic predisposition can determine the variability in the timing of its development in workers exposed to industrial noise.

The study aims to evaluate the effect of polymorphic variants of the MTHFR (rs1801133, C677T) and ApoE (ε2, ε3, ε4) genes on the development of occupational sensorineural hearing loss.

Materials and methods. The authors examined 237 men: 152 patients with a diagnosis of occupational sensorineural hearing loss (the main group) and 85 employees of noise-hazardous professions without hearing impairment (the reference group). The main group was stratified into two subgroups, depending on the length of service prior to diagnosis: with early (less than 15 years, n=49) and late (more than 15 years, n=73) disease development. The specialists genotyped polymorphisms using PCR followed by the analysis of restriction products. They performed statistical analysis in the RStudio environment (version 1.2.1335).

Results. It was found that carriage of the homozygous CC genotype by the C677T polymorphism of the MTHFR gene is associated with early development of occupational sensorineural hearing loss (OR=4.459; 95% CI: 1.935–10.737; p<0.001). The heterozygous CT genotype demonstrated a protective effect against the early development of the disease. Carriage of the ε4 allele of the ApoE gene was also associated with a reduction in the latent period of development of occupational sensorineural hearing loss (OR=0.355; 95% CI: 0.122–0.982; p=0.033). Arterial hypertension was significantly more common among carriers of the CC genotype of the MTHFR gene (p<0.05). The data obtained indicate a significant role of genetic polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of occupational sensorineural hearing loss. The determination of the MTHFR (C677T) and ApoE genotypes can be used to identify groups at increased risk of early development of hearing loss in order to implement preventive measures.

Limitations. Limited sampling and geographical specificity, the study was conducted only on a sample from Novosibirsk, which may limit the applicability of the results to other regions and ethnic groups. The genetic homogeneity of the study group may influence the associations found and their interpretation. The study does not include long-term monitoring of disease progression. The methods of genotyping and statistical analysis used in the study have their limitations in accuracy and sensitivity. Possible errors in genotyping and data analysis may affect the results and their interpretation.

Conclusion. The carriage of the homozygous CC genotype by the polymorphic variant C677T of the MTHFR gene and the ε4 allele of the ApoE gene is a marker of an increased risk of early development of occupational sensorineural hearing loss in people working under the influence of industrial noise.

Ethics. The study was conducted in compliance with all ethical principles of medical research, with the voluntary informed consent of patients. The ethical aspects of the study were reviewed and approved by the local Ethics Committee (LNEC Protocol No. 5 dated September 2, 2025).

Contributions:
Poteryaeva E.L. — research concept and design, collecting research material, writing the text of the manuscript, editing the text of the manuscript;
Funtikova I.S. — research concept and design, collection of research material, writing of the manuscript text;
Smirnova E.L. — research concept and design, review of publications on the topic of the article, editing the text of the manuscript;
Maksimov V.N. — editing the text of the manuscript, researching concept and design;
Savchenko O.A. — writing the text of the manuscript, reviewing publications on the topic of the article, editing the text of the manuscript;
Fedorova I.A. — review of publications on the subject of the article.

Funding. The study had no funding.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received: 07.12.2025 / Accepted: 16.02.2026 / Published: 27.03.2026

Introduction. Given the increasing number of stressful events in modern life and the increasing number of conflicts, the study of the clinical and psychological characteristics of respondents with PTSD is an urgent task.

The study aims to research the occupational, clinical and psychological characteristics of people in dangerous professions with an established diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) F43.1 in the classification (ICD-10).

Materials and methods. The study included 102 patients aged 36-54 years with PTSD who were undergoing rehabilitation in a department for war veterans. The researchers conducted a comprehensive clinical, neurological, and psychological study to assess the psychological state, as well as the severity of PTSD symptoms. They studied and assessed the severity of PTSD symptoms using standard psychometric methods (Trauma Screening Questionnaire — a short questionnaire for screening; Clinical-Administered PTSD Scale — a scale for clinical diagnosis of PTSD; Impact of Event Scale-R — a scale for assessing the impact of a traumatic event; Taylor's Manifest). Anxiety Scale — Taylor's Personal Anxiety Scale; Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale — Tsung Anxiety Self-Assessment Scale; Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale — Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; State-Trail Anxiety Inventory — reactive and personal anxiety Scale; Beck Depression Inventory — Beck Depression Scale; Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale — Tsung Depression Self-Assessment Scale; PHQ-9 — depression questionnaire; Beck hopelessness scale.

Results. Occupational studies have shown that the work of military personnel is caused by the constant exposure to extreme stress factors, in some cases, work is associated with flammable and explosive objects. The nervous and emotional stress of the work of workers in military professions belonged to the 3^rd class of the 3^rd degree and the 2^nd degree of harmfulness. Respondents with PTSD were characterized by heterogeneity of clinical and psychological characteristics, the severity and diversity of which varied depending on the severity and duration of the traumatic event.

Limitations. There are quantitative limitations due to the number of contingents surveyed.

Conclusion. The results obtained indicate the need to take into account the neuropsychiatric stress of work, the clinical and psychological characteristics of people in dangerous professions with signs of PTSD in order to optimize approaches to correcting the disorders identified in respondents, improving their quality of life and adaptation.

Ethics. The completed study did not require the conclusion of the Ethics Committee.

Contributions:
Kozlov S.E. — concept, design of the study;
Samuilova V.A. — research design, text writing, editing;
Serikov V.V. — concept, research design, editing;
Slyusar I.N. — conducting research, description and registration of results, analysis and statistical processing of data;
Yushkova O.I. — data analysis and interpretation, text writing.

Funding. The study had no funding.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received: 29.01.2026 / Accepted: 04.02.2026 / Published: 27.03.2026

Occupational activity in harmful working conditions, associated with the complex effects of physical (vibration, noise) and chemical (aromatic hydrocarbons) factors, is a significant risk of accelerated aging. The mechanisms of cellular aging induced by the combined action of physical and chemical factors at concentrations close to or slightly exceeding the maximum permissible levels remain poorly understood. Experimental studies on model organisms are the most informative method of verifying these causal relationships.

The study aims to identify and experimentally evaluate a complex of biomarkers associated with accelerated cellular aging and the development of organ damage in white rats with prolonged isolated, combined and combined exposure to physical and chemical factors of the industrial environment at the level of 1.5 MPC/MPL.

The authors have conducted a 180-day experiment on 180 Wistar rats. The experts have divided the animals into 6 groups: exposure to general vibration; noise; chemical exposure (a mixture of aromatic hydrocarbons at 1.5 maximum permissible concentration); combined physical exposure (vibration + noise); combined physico-chemical exposure (vibration + noise + mixture of hydrocarbons); intact control. Additionally, 10 individuals were used in background studies. The authors assessed body weight and behavior in the "open field" test. On days 60, 120 and 180 they performed biochemical and clinical blood and urine tests, as well as a histological examination of internal organs, the scientists determined the relative length of telomeres in muscle tissue using a polymerase chain reaction in real time. They performed statistical analysis using nonparametric criteria (Mann–Whitney).

By the 180^th day of the experiment, the animals of the experimental groups showed a symptom complex of accelerated aging: decreased behavioral activity, metabolic disorders (dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia), liver and kidney dysfunction, and multiple organ structural damage. Significant telomere shortening was found in all experimental groups, most pronounced with combined and combined exposure.

Limitations. The study was conducted on a rodent model; direct correlations with the human population require validation in epidemiological studies.

Conclusion. Prolonged exposure to vibration, noise, and chemicals induces a state of chronic stress in rats with the formation of a complex of biomarkers of accelerated cellular aging: behavioral deficits, metabolic disorders, multiple organ dysfunction, and telomere shortening.

Ethics. The study was carried out in accordance with the Ethical principles of working with laboratory animals (European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrates). The protocol of the experiment was approved by the local ethics committee (LNEC Protocol No. 5 dated October 10, 2024).

Contributions:
Savchenko O.A. — research concept and design, collecting research material, writing the text of the manuscript, reviewing publications on the topic of the article, editing the text of the manuscript;
Novikova I.I. — research concept and design, editing of the manuscript text;
Poteryaeva E.L. — research concept and design, writing the text of the manuscript, review of publications on the topic of the article, editing the text of the manuscript;
Chuenko N.F. — collecting material for research;
Savchenko O.A. — writing the text of the manuscript, review of publications on the topic of the article.

Funding. The work was carried out within the framework of the research topic "The study of cellular aging and biological age processes that work with various occupational hazards in managing labor longevity" (Reg. no. AAAAA-A19-119070190016-3. State Assignment No. 141-00094-23-00 for 2023 and for the planned period of 2025).

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received: 03.02.2026 / Accepted: 09.02.2026 / Published: 27.03.2026

The influence of chemical factors of production and the environment on humans is increasingly realized against the background of an existing pathological condition: the prevalence of obesity, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and other disorders of carbohydrate metabolism is growing in the population, and in a number of occupational groups their share already reaches and even exceeds a third of workers.

The study aims to summarize experimental and epidemiological data on obesity, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and other disorders of carbohydrate metabolism as factors modifying the toxic effects of xenobiotics in conditions of occupational and man-made exposure.

The search for original in vivo and human studies was conducted in Russian and international databases, taking into account the recommendations of PRISMA; the analysis included 27 sources from 1987–2024, where metabolic disorders were initiated or diagnosed before assessing the effects of chemical agents of various nature.

The results show that the metabolic dysregulations under consideration in most cases enhance the toxic effects of xenobiotics, altering their toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics and increasing the severity of hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and cardiotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Data from epidemiological studies in the working cohort and in the general population, although extremely limited in the number of studies, generally confirm that obesity, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and other disorders of carbohydrate metabolism act not only as a background, but also as independent determinants of sensitivity to chemical stress. Given the high prevalence of these conditions among the working-age population, it is necessary to consider the possibility of taking them into account when assessing health risks and developing preventive measures.

Ethics. The study did not require the conclusion of a bioethical commission.

Funding. The study had no funding.

Conflict of interest. The author declares no conflict of interest.

Received: 23.12.2025 / Accepted: 11.02.2026 / Published: 27.03.2026

Occupational bronchial asthma is one of the most significant forms of respiratory diseases associated with work, and is characterized by significant socio-economic damage, diagnostic difficulties, and often severe, including steroid-resistant course. The study aims to summarize current information on the prevalence and leading causative factors of occupational asthma, as well as to systematize data on the role of autophagy in its pathogenesis and the therapeutic potential of autophagic pathway modulation. The authors conducted an analysis of publications on sensitizers with high and low molecular weight, with an emphasis on experimental models and cellular systems that currently form the main evidence base. The occupational allergens are capable of causing cell-specific disorders of autophagy in epithelial, smooth muscle, and dendritic cells, which is associated with oxidative stress, activation of inflammatory cascades, mucus hypersecretion, airway remodeling, and variants of programmed cell death. The most studied mechanisms are associated with HMW sensitizers, whereas data are limited for LMW agents, despite their association with more frequent severe exacerbations and lower sensitivity to standard anti-inflammatory therapy.

The most studied mechanisms are related to HMW sensitizers, while data for LMW agents are limited, despite their association with more frequent severe exacerbations and lower sensitivity to standard anti-inflammatory therapy.

Contributions:
Soloshchenko A.E. — research concept and design, coordination of work, critical editing of the manuscript;
Sokolova E.A. — search and analysis of literature, writing the text of the article;
Maksutova M.V. — search and analysis of literary sources, writing the text of the article;
Bislieva M.R. — literature search, data systematization, participation in writing the text;
Voloseko A.P. — review and analytical processing of published data;
Tsaplin E.M. — analysis of literary sources, participation in writing the text;
Mikhaylichenko A.N. — search and analysis of literature, editing of the text of the article;
Denisov A.V. — literature search, data analysis, writing the text of the article;
Gosteva E.S. — analysis and interpretation of published data, editing of the manuscript;
Khamayan V.B. — literature search, participation in writing the text of the article;
Chizhikov M.R. — analysis and systematization of literary data, critical editing of the manuscript;
All authors — approving the final version of the manuscript and for all aspects of the work.

Funding. The study had no funding.

Conflict of interest. The author declares no conflict of interest.

Received: 03.02.2026 / Accepted: 12.02.2026 / Published: 27.03.2026

Due to the emergence and development of fire safety systems based on a hypoxic environment, it is becoming relevant to assess the mental performance of specialists in conditions of oxygen deficiency.

The study aims to assess the state of the volunteers cognitive functions during the operation of fire protection facilities based on a normobaric nitrogen hypoxic environment.

The authors have assessed the state of the functional state of the body on a laboratory model of mental labor activity using biomedical methods: registration of heart rate, blood pressure and saturation. To assess the dynamics of cognitive activity indicators, they used the Stroop test and visual-motor tests. For a subjective assessment of the condition, the specialists conducted a survey.

The researchers noted a decrease in blood oxygen saturation and an increase in heart rate when in a hypoxic environment. Changes in cognitive function indicators were not associated with the effects of hypoxia, however, scientists noted a minor change in well-being both in the experimental group (increased headache) and in the entire sample (headache, sleepiness, rapid heartbeat).

The results of the study show that when simulating mental activity in a hypoxic environment for 30 minutes, the cognitive functions and well-being of employees do not deteriorate.

Limitations. Limitations are associated with the sample size, but the results obtained from individual volunteers did not contradict each other. The experts conducted a safety study of the fire protection system in artificially created conditions that did not fully correspond to the actual working conditions, but the characteristics of the hypoxic environment were reproduced. The studies were conducted only with an average oxygen content of 14% in the air, since it was assumed that this level was the minimum when using this fire extinguishing system.

Ethics. The study was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health (Minutes No. 2 of the meeting of the Local Ethics Committee dated 02/19/2025).

Contributions:
Shuporin E.S. — research concept and design, text writing, editing;
Chudova E.S. — research concept and design, text writing, editing;
Ilyenko O.V. — writing the text;
Glukhov D.V. — writing the text;
Eremeeva A.G. — data collection and processing;
Kalinina S.A. — data collection and processing;
Vaga I.N. — data collection and processing, editing.

Funding. The study had no funding.

Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received: 15.12.2025 / Accepted: 21.01.2026 / Published: 27.03.2026