The effectiveness of periodic medical examinations in the early diagnosis of cardiovascular and oncological diseases

Introduction. Achieving longevity in work requires early diagnosis and timely correction of not only occupational but also chronic non-communicable diseases. To optimize the methodology for managing the health risk of employees, comparative studies of the effectiveness of various forms of organization of screening diagnostics are advisable.

The study aims to compare the effectiveness of periodic medical examinations (PME) of workers in adverse working conditions and medical examinations of certain groups of the adult population for early diagnosis of cardiovascular and oncological diseases.

Materials and methods. The authors have conducted a retrospective analysis of the PME results (Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 29n dated 01/28/2021) of employees of engineering enterprises aged 40–60 years for 2025. The main group (n=312), in comparison with the results of the first stage of medical examination (Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 404n dated 04/27/2021), was a control group consisting of employees of those enterprises of the same types of economic activity, formed according to the 1:1 compliance index by age, production factor (silicon dioxide dust, organic solvents, local vibration), n=312. The sources of information were outpatient medical records (form No. 046/y) for the main group, medical examination records (form No. 131/y) for the control group, and data from the Unified State Information System in the Field of Healthcare in the Novosibirsk Region. The endpoints are cases of newly diagnosed diseases of the circulatory system (ICD–10 codes I10-I25, I30–I69), malignant neoplasms (ICD–10 codes C00–C97).

Results. In the PME group, there were more cases of hypertension (OR 2.82, 95% CI 1.67–4.76), coronary heart disease (OR 2.76, 95% CI 1.06–7.14), atrial fibrillation (OR 3.08, 95% CI 1.01–9.66), heart failure (OR 2.67, 95% CI 1.10–6.48). Experts identified more risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, especially type 2 diabetes/prediabetes (OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.10–4.31) and tobacco smoking (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.13-2.19). The early stage of heart disease was diagnosed mainly with PME. There were also more cases of malignant neoplasms in the PMO group — 11 (2.5%), of which 9 were at an early stage, compared with 5 (1.6%) during medical examination (χ²=3.01, p=0.049). The percentage of confirmation of diagnoses during further examination was higher in the PME group.

Limitations. The limitations of the study are due to a single–center, single-stage design; data bias related to sources — databases of medical documentation — is possible.

Conclusion. For those working under the influence of adverse industrial factors, PME are more effective than clinical examination for the early diagnosis of cardiovascular and oncological diseases.

Ethics. The study was conducted in compliance with the Ethical principles set out in the Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Association; in accordance with the ethical standards and regulations stipulated in the Bulletin of the Higher Attestation Commission of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation No. 3 of 2002. The study design included only the analysis of medical records and electronic databases.

Contributions:
Shpagina L.A. — research concept and design, data collection and analysis, text writing;
Kondyurina E.G. — data collection and analysis, text writing;
Zelenskaya V.V. — data collection and analysis, writing text;
Kotova O.S. — data collection and analysis, text writing;
Karmanovskaya S.A. — data collection and analysis, writing text;
Kuznetsova G.V. — data collection and analysis, text writing;
Kamneva N.V. — data collection and analysis, writing text;
Surovenko T.N. — writing the text.

Funding. The study had no funding.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest,

Received: 14.02.2026 / Accepted: 20.02.2026 / Published: 27.03.2026

1. Gorobtsov A., Afonin M., Bobkova N., Bobylev S., Garin V., Gokhberg L. Russian Statistical Yearbook. 2024: Stat.book/Rosstat. R76 М., 2024 (in Russian).

2. The state of oncological care for the population of Russia in 2024. Eds. Kaprin A.D., Starinsky V.V., Shakhzadova A.O. Moscow: P.A. Herzen Moscow Oncology Research Institute — branch of the National Medical Research Center of Radiology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; 2025 (in Russian).

3. Shalnova S.A., Drapkina O.M., Kutsenko V.A., Kapustina A.V., Muromtseva G.A., Yarovaya E.B. et al. Myocardial infarction in the population of some Russian regions and its prognostic value. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2022; 27(6): 4952. https://doi.org/10.15829/1560-4071-2022-4952 (in Russian).

4. Occupational medicine: national guidelines. Ed. by I.V. Bukhtiyarov. 2nd ed., reprint. and add. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media, 2024. (Series "National guides") ISBN 978-5-9704-8177-6 (in Russian).

5. Bukhtiyarov I.V., Tikhonova G.I., Betts K.V., Bryleva M.S., Gorchakova T.Yu., Churanova A.N. Morbidity, disability and mortality of the working-age population in Russia. Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology [Med. truda i prom. ekol.]. 2022; 62(12): 791–796. https://doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2022-62-12-791-796 (in Russian).

6. Shpagina L.A., Sergeev V.A., Kondyurina E.G., Zelenskaya V.V., Kotova O.S., Karmanovskaya S.A., Kuznetsova G.V., Kamneva N.V. Adverse cardiovascular events in patients with vibration sickness. Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology [Med. truda i prom. ekol.]. 2025; 65(7): 424–432. https://doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2025-65-7-424-432 (in Russian).

7. de-Torres J.P., Alcaide A.B., Campo A., Zulueta J.J., Bastarrika G., Ezponda A., et al. Lung Cancer Screening in People With COPD: The Pamplona-IELCAP Experience. Arch. Bronconeumol. 2024; 60(2): 95–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arbres.2023.12.012

8. Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists' Collaboration. Pharmacological blood pressure lowering for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease across different levels of blood pressure: an individual participant-level data meta-analysis. Lancet. 2021; 397(10285): 1625–1636. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00590-0

9. Gorblyansky Yu.Yu., Kontorovich E.P., Ponamareva O.P., Syachina A.V. Conceptual foundations of medical examinations of workers in Russia (thematic review). Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology [Med. truda i prom. ekol.]. 2024; 64(7): 471–478. https://doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2024-64-7-471-478 (in Russian).

10. Babanov S.A., Baraeva R.A., Strizhakov L.A., Moiseev S.V., Fomin V.V. The state of cytokine regulation and endothelial dysfunction in the combined course of vibration disease and arterial hypertension. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv. 2021; 93(6): 693–698. https://doi.org/10.26442/00403660.2021.06.200880

11. Andersson L., Hedbrant A., Bryngelsson I.L., Vihlborg P., Särndahl E., Westberg H. Silica Exposure and Cardiovascular, Cerebrovascular, and Respiratory Morbidity in a Cohort of Male Swedish Iron Foundry Workers. J. Occup. Environ. Med. 2023; 65(9): 731–739. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000002890

12. Zhou Y., Zhang W., Wu D., Fan Y. The effect of silica exposure on the risk of lung cancer: A meta-analysis. J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol. 2023; 37(4): e23287. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbt.23287

13. Gimaeva Z.F., Bakirov A.B., Kuzmina L.P., Karimova L.K., Kalimullina D.H., Akhmetzyanova E.H., et al. Diagnostic significance of lipid profile indicators for assessing chemical workers’ cardiovascular risk. Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology [Med. truda i prom. ekol.]. 2022; 62(1): 19–28. https://doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2022-62-1-19-28 (in Russian).

14. Korotenko O.Yu., Filimonov E.S., Mikhailova N.N., Ulanova E.V. The state of the main vessels in workers of heavy industries of the average fatal risk group on the SCORE scale. Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian journal. 2024; 103(7): 687–692. https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2024-103-7-687-692 (in Russian).

15. Rabiei H., Ramezanifar S., Hassanipour S., Gharari N. Investigating the effects of occupational and environmental noise on cardiovascular diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int. 2021; 28(44): 62012–62029. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-16540-4

16. Fu W., Liu Y., Yan S., Wen J., Zhang J., Zhang P. et al. The association of noise exposure with stroke incidence and mortality: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies. Environ. Res. 2022; 215(1): 114249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2022.114249

17. Dzhambov A.M., Dimitrova D.D. Heart disease attributed to occupational noise, vibration and other co-exposure: Self-reported population-based survey among Bulgarian workers. Med. Pr. 2016; 67(4): 435–45. https://doi.org/10.13075/mp.5893.00437

18. Drapkina O.M., Kontsevaya A.V., Kalinina A.M., Avdeev S.N., Agaltsov M.V., Alexandrova L.M., et al. 2022 Prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases in the Russian Federation. National guidelines. Cardiovascular Therapy and Prevention. 2022; 21(4): 3235. https://doi.org/10.15829/1728-8800-2022-3235 (in Russian).

19. Panev N.I., Filimonov S.N., Panev R.N., Evseeva N.A., Korotenko O.Yu. Personalized prediction of the probability of developing arterial hypertension andcoronary heart disease in miners with anthracosilicosis using an automated system. Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian journal. 2023; 102(7): 675–681. https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-7-675-681 (in Russian).

20. Garipova R.V., Berkheeva Z.M., Miftakhova S.N., Galiullin I.M., Arkhipov E.V. et al. Periodic medical examinations: Their effectivenessand role in early detection of diseases. The Bulletin of Contemporary Clinical Medicine. 2024; 17 (1): 7–15. https://doi.org/10.20969/VSKM.2024.17(suppl.1).7-15 (in Russian).

21. Vasilev Yu.A., Son I.M., Vladzymyrskyy A.V., Voloshin R.I., Arzamasov K.M., Reshetnikov R.V. Effectiveness of imaging-based chestscreening: Outcomes of stage one adult health screening effort in the Russian Federation. Zdorov’e Naseleniya i Sreda Obitaniya. 2024; 32(9): 71–82. https://doi.org/10.35627/2219-5238/2024-32-9-71-82 (in Russian).

22. Kalinina A.M., Sokolov G.E., Gornyy B.E., Drapkina O.M. Assessment of the quality of medical examinations as an organizational technology of medical prevention in primary health care: focus on cardiovascular diseases. Russian Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2021; 24(1): 26–34. https://doi.org/10.17116/profmed20212401126 (in Russian).