Факторы риска инфицирования медицинских работников SARS-CoV-2 и меры профилактики

Введение. В настоящее время число подтверждённых случаев COVID-19 среди медицинских работников продолжает увеличиваться как в России, так и в других странах. Медицинские работники в силу специфики профессиональной деятельности — частого контакта с заболевшими — наиболее подвержены риску заражения SARS-CoV-2.

Цель исследования — изучение факторов риска инфицирования медицинских работников SARS-CoV-2 для предупреждения инфицирования и предотвращения распространения COVID-19 в учреждениях медицинского профиля с учётом использования средств индивидуальной защиты.

Материалы и методы. Специалистами ФБУН «Центральный научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии» Роспотребнадзора с целью изучения, оценки факторов риска инфицирования медицинских работников SARS-CoV-2 и отношения их к использованию средств индивидуальной защиты, неспецифической профилактики проведено анонимное анкетирование с последующим анализом полученных результатов.

Результаты. Представлен обзор литературы по проблеме инфицирования и заболеваемости COVID-19 медицинских работников, которые, как известно, подвергаются высокому риску заражения ввиду частого контакта с заболевшими. Проанализированы данные о том, что воздействие более высоких концентраций вируса, особенно от тяжелобольных пациентов, может влиять на тяжесть заболевания у медработников. Представлены результаты проведённого анонимного анкетирования по изучению факторов риска инфицирования медицинских работников SARS-CoV-2 и их отношения к использованию средств индивидуальной защиты. На основании полученных данных определены основные пути заражения медперсонала, варианты течения заболевания и степень их тяжести, а также выявлено, что медработники ответственно относятся к выбору и использованию средств индивидуальной защиты.

Выводы. Оценка потенциальных факторов риска распространения коронавирусной инфекции среди работников здравоохранения имеет важное значение для предотвращения инфицирования работников здравоохранения и распространения COVID-19 в условиях медицинских учреждений.

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