<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zurniimtpe</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицина труда и промышленная экология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1026-9428</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-8945</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBSI “Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31089/1026-9428-2021-61-1-34-39</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zurniimtpe-2630</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Факторы риска инфицирования медицинских работников SARS-CoV-2 и меры профилактики</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection in health care workers and prevention measures</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7913-1991</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шулакова</surname><given-names>Н. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shulakova</surname><given-names>Nadezhda I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2706-6689</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тутельян</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tutelyan</surname><given-names>Aleksey V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4545-1804</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Квасова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kvasova</surname><given-names>Olga A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4228-9044</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акимкин</surname><given-names>В. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akimkin</surname><given-names>Vasiliy G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Конюхов</surname><given-names>Александр Владимирович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Konyukhov</surname><given-names>Alexander V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт медицины труда имени академика Н.Ф. Измерова».</p><p>e-mail: ppe-lab@irioh.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health.</p><p>e-mail: ppe-lab@irioh.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ppe-lab@irioh.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Центральный научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии» Роспотребнадзора</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Central Research Institute of Epidemiology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт медицины труда им. академика Н.Ф. Измерова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>02</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>61</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>34</fpage><lpage>39</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шулакова Н.И., Тутельян А.В., Квасова О.А., Акимкин В.Г., Конюхов А.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шулакова Н.И., Тутельян А.В., Квасова О.А., Акимкин В.Г., Конюхов А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shulakova N.I., Tutelyan A.V., Kvasova O.A., Akimkin V.G., Konyukhov A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.journal-irioh.ru/jour/article/view/2630">https://www.journal-irioh.ru/jour/article/view/2630</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. В настоящее время число подтверждённых случаев COVID-19 среди медицинских работников продолжает увеличиваться как в России, так и в других странах. Медицинские работники в силу специфики профессиональной деятельности — частого контакта с заболевшими — наиболее подвержены риску заражения SARS-CoV-2.</p><p>Цель исследования — изучение факторов риска инфицирования медицинских работников SARS-CoV-2 для предупреждения инфицирования и предотвращения распространения COVID-19 в учреждениях медицинского профиля с учётом использования средств индивидуальной защиты.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Специалистами ФБУН «Центральный научно-исследовательский институт эпидемиологии» Роспотребнадзора с целью изучения, оценки факторов риска инфицирования медицинских работников SARS-CoV-2 и отношения их к использованию средств индивидуальной защиты, неспецифической профилактики проведено анонимное анкетирование с последующим анализом полученных результатов.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Представлен обзор литературы по проблеме инфицирования и заболеваемости COVID-19 медицинских работников, которые, как известно, подвергаются высокому риску заражения ввиду частого контакта с заболевшими. Проанализированы данные о том, что воздействие более высоких концентраций вируса, особенно от тяжелобольных пациентов, может влиять на тяжесть заболевания у медработников. Представлены результаты проведённого анонимного анкетирования по изучению факторов риска инфицирования медицинских работников SARS-CoV-2 и их отношения к использованию средств индивидуальной защиты. На основании полученных данных определены основные пути заражения медперсонала, варианты течения заболевания и степень их тяжести, а также выявлено, что медработники ответственно относятся к выбору и использованию средств индивидуальной защиты.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Оценка потенциальных факторов риска распространения коронавирусной инфекции среди работников здравоохранения имеет важное значение для предотвращения инфицирования работников здравоохранения и распространения COVID-19 в условиях медицинских учреждений.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Currently, the number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 among healthcare workers continues to increase both in Russia and in other countries. Due to their professional activities' specifics, medical workers — frequent contact with sick people are most at risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2.</p><p>The study aims to research the risk factors for infection of medical workers with SARS-CoV-2 to prevent infection and the spread of COVID-19 in medical institutions, considering the use of personal protective equipment.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Specialists of the Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor conducted an anonymous questionnaire with the subsequent analysis of the results obtained to study and assess risk factors for infection of SARS-CoV-2 medical workers, their attitude to the use of personal protective equipment, non-specific prophylaxis.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The authors present a literature review on the problem of infection and morbidity of COVID-19 medical workers, who are known to be at high risk of infection due to frequent contact with the sick. We analyzed data that exposure to higher concentrations of the virus, especially from critically ill patients, can affect the disease's severity in health care workers. The authors conducted an anonymous survey to study the risk factors for infection of health care workers with SARS-CoV-2 and their attitude to the use of personal protective equipment. Based on the obtained data, identified the main ways of infection of medical staff, options of the disease, and their severity, and revealed that providers responsible for selecting and using PPE.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Assessing potential risk factors for the spread of coronavirus infection among healthcare workers is essential to prevent healthcare workers' infection and the spread of COVID-19 in healthcare settings.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>медицинский работник</kwd><kwd>факторы риска инфицирования</kwd><kwd>средства индивидуальной защиты</kwd><kwd>меры профилактики</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>health care workers</kwd><kwd>infection risk factors</kwd><kwd>personal protective equipment</kwd><kwd>preventive measures</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Situation Report - 82. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020. https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situationreports/20200411-sitrep-82-covid19.pdf?sfvrsn=74a5d15_2 (accessed 25/05/2020).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Situation Report - 82. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020. https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situationreports/20200411-sitrep-82-covid19.pdf?sfvrsn=74a5d15_2 (accessed 25/05/2020).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Amendola A., Tanzi E., Folgori L. et al. Low seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers of the largest children hospital in Milan during the pandemic wave. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2020: 1-6. PMID: 32758311. https://doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.401</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Amendola A., Tanzi E., Folgori L. et al. Low seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers of the largest children hospital in Milan during the pandemic wave. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2020: 1-6. PMID: 32758311. https://doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.401</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Blain H., Rolland Y., Tuaillon E. et al. Efficacy of a test-retest strategy in residents and health care personnel of a nursing home facing a COVID-19 outbreak. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2020; 21: 933-6. PMID: 32674822. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2020.06.013</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Blain H., Rolland Y., Tuaillon E. et al. Efficacy of a test-retest strategy in residents and health care personnel of a nursing home facing a COVID-19 outbreak. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2020; 21: 933-6. PMID: 32674822. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2020.06.013</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Blairon L., Mokrane S., Wilmet A. et al. Large-scale, molecular and serological SARS-CoV-2 screening of healthcare workers in a 4-site public hospital in Belgium after COVID-19 outbreak. J Infect. 2020. PMID: 32739485. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.07.033</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Blairon L., Mokrane S., Wilmet A. et al. Large-scale, molecular and serological SARS-CoV-2 screening of healthcare workers in a 4-site public hospital in Belgium after COVID-19 outbreak. J Infect. 2020. PMID: 32739485. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.07.033</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Çelebi G., Pişkin N., Çelik Bekleviç A. et al. Specific risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 transmission among health care workers in a university hospital. Am J Infect Control. 2020. PMID: 32771498. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2020.07.039</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Çelebi G., Pişkin N., Çelik Bekleviç A. et al. Specific risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 transmission among health care workers in a university hospital. Am J Infect Control. 2020. PMID: 32771498. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2020.07.039</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grant J.J., Wilmore S.M.S., McCann N.S. et al. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in healthcare workers at a London NHS Trust. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2020. PMID: 32746953. https://doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.402</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grant J.J., Wilmore S.M.S., McCann N.S. et al. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in healthcare workers at a London NHS Trust. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2020. PMID: 32746953. https://doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.402</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Houlihan C.F., Vora N., Byrne T. et al. Pandemic peak SARS-CoV-2 infection and seroconversion rates in London frontline healthcare workers. Lancet. 2020; 396:e6-e7. PMID: 32653078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31484-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Houlihan C.F., Vora N., Byrne T. et al. Pandemic peak SARS-CoV-2 infection and seroconversion rates in London frontline healthcare workers. Lancet. 2020; 396:e6-e7. PMID: 32653078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31484-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hunter B.R., Dbeibo L., Weaver C.S. et al. Seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies among healthcare workers with differing levels of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patient exposure. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2020. PMID: 32741406. https://doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.390</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hunter B.R., Dbeibo L., Weaver C.S. et al. Seroprevalence of severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies among healthcare workers with differing levels of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patient exposure. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2020. PMID: 32741406. https://doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.390</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jeremias A., Nguyen J., Levine J. et al. Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among health care workers in a tertiary community hospital. JAMA Intern Med. 2020. PMID: 32780100. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.4214</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jeremias A., Nguyen J., Levine J. et al. Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among health care workers in a tertiary community hospital. JAMA Intern Med. 2020. PMID: 32780100. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.4214</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kassem A.M., Talaat H., Shawky S. et al. SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers of a gastroenterological service in a tertiary care facility. Arab J Gastroenterol. 2020. PMID: 32732168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajg.2020.07.005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kassem A.M., Talaat H., Shawky S. et al. SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers of a gastroenterological service in a tertiary care facility. Arab J Gastroenterol. 2020. PMID: 32732168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajg.2020.07.005</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lackermair K., William F., Grzanna N. et al. Infection with SARS-CoV-2 in primary care health care workers assessed by antibody testing. Fam Pract. 2020. PMID: 32766704. https://doi.org/10.1093/fampra/cmaa078</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lackermair K., William F., Grzanna N. et al. Infection with SARS-CoV-2 in primary care health care workers assessed by antibody testing. Fam Pract. 2020. PMID: 32766704. https://doi.org/10.1093/fampra/cmaa078</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moscola J., Sembajwe G., Jarrett M., et al. Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in health care personnel in the New York City area. JAMA. 2020; 324: 893-5. PMID: 32780804. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.14765</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moscola J., Sembajwe G., Jarrett M., et al. Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in health care personnel in the New York City area. JAMA. 2020; 324: 893-5. PMID: 32780804. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.14765</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Olalla J., Correa A.M., Martín-Escalante M.D. et al. Search for asymptomatic carriers of SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare workers during the pandemic: a Spanish experience. QJM. 2020. PMID: 32777050. https://doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcaa238</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Olalla J., Correa A.M., Martín-Escalante M.D. et al. Search for asymptomatic carriers of SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare workers during the pandemic: a Spanish experience. QJM. 2020. PMID: 32777050. https://doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcaa238</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Piapan L., De Michieli P., Ronchese F. et al. COVID-19 outbreak in healthcare workers in Trieste hospitals (North-Eastern Italy). J Hosp Infect. 2020. PMID: 32805309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2020.08.012</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Piapan L., De Michieli P., Ronchese F. et al. COVID-19 outbreak in healthcare workers in Trieste hospitals (North-Eastern Italy). J Hosp Infect. 2020. PMID: 32805309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2020.08.012</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sotgiu G., Barassi A., Miozzo M. et al. SARS-CoV-2 specific serological pattern in healthcare workers of an Italian COVID-19 forefront hospital. BMC Pulm Med. 2020; 20: 203. PMID: 32727446. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-020-01237-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sotgiu G., Barassi A., Miozzo M. et al. SARS-CoV-2 specific serological pattern in healthcare workers of an Italian COVID-19 forefront hospital. BMC Pulm Med. 2020; 20: 203. PMID: 32727446. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12890-020-01237-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Villanueva A.M.G., Lazaro J., Sayo A.R. et al. COVID-19 screening for healthcare workers in a tertiary infectious diseases referral hospital in Manila, the Philippines. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2020; 103: 1211-4. PMID: 32729461. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.20-0715</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Villanueva A.M.G., Lazaro J., Sayo A.R. et al. COVID-19 screening for healthcare workers in a tertiary infectious diseases referral hospital in Manila, the Philippines. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2020; 103: 1211-4. PMID: 32729461. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.20-0715</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang G.Q., Pan H.Q., Hu X.X. et al. The role of isolation rooms, facemasks and intensified hand hygiene in the prevention of nosocomial COVID-19 transmission in a pulmonary clinical setting. Infect Dis Poverty. 2020; 9: 104. PMID: 32703281. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-020-00725-z</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang G.Q., Pan H.Q., Hu X.X. et al. The role of isolation rooms, facemasks and intensified hand hygiene in the prevention of nosocomial COVID-19 transmission in a pulmonary clinical setting. Infect Dis Poverty. 2020; 9: 104. PMID: 32703281. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40249-020-00725-z</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhao D., Wang M., Wang M. et al. Asymptomatic infection by SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare workers: a study in a large teaching hospital in Wuhan, China. Int J Infect Dis. 2020; 99: 219-25. PMID: 32758693. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.07.082</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhao D., Wang M., Wang M. et al. Asymptomatic infection by SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare workers: a study in a large teaching hospital in Wuhan, China. Int J Infect Dis. 2020; 99: 219-25. PMID: 32758693. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.07.082</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The epidemiology of COVID-19. https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/covid-19/latest-evidence/epidemiology</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The epidemiology of COVID-19. https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/covid-19/latest-evidence/epidemiology</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roger Chou, Tracy Dana, David I. Buckley, Shelley Selph, Epidemiology of and Risk Factors for Coronavirus Infection in Health Care Workers https://doi.org/10.7326/M20-1632</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roger Chou, Tracy Dana, David I. Buckley, Shelley Selph, Epidemiology of and Risk Factors for Coronavirus Infection in Health Care Workers https://doi.org/10.7326/M20-1632</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Çelebi G., Pişkin N., Çelik Bekleviç A. et al. Specific risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 transmission among health care workers in a university hospital. Am J Infect Control. 2020. PMID: 32771498. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2020.07.039</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Çelebi G., Pişkin N., Çelik Bekleviç A. et al. Specific risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 transmission among health care workers in a university hospital. Am J Infect Control. 2020. PMID: 32771498. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2020.07.039</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rothe C., Schunk M., Sothmann P., Bretzel G., Froeschl G., Wallrauch C. et al. Transmission of 2019-nCoV infection from an asymptomatic contact in Germany. N Engl J Med. 2020; 382: 970-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rothe C., Schunk M., Sothmann P., Bretzel G., Froeschl G., Wallrauch C. et al. Transmission of 2019-nCoV infection from an asymptomatic contact in Germany. N Engl J Med. 2020; 382: 970-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chan J.F.-W., Yuan S., Kok K.-H., To K.K.-W., Chu H., Yang J. et al. A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster. Lancet. 2020; 395(10223): 514-23.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chan J.F.-W., Yuan S., Kok K.-H., To K.K.-W., Chu H., Yang J. et al. A familial cluster of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster. Lancet. 2020; 395(10223): 514-23.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Summary of probable SARS cases with onset of illness from 1 November 2002 to 31 July 2003 [webpage]. As of 31 December 2003. Geneva: World Health Organization (https://www.who.int/csr/sars/country/table2004_04_21/en/, по состоянию на 25 мая 2020 г.).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Summary of probable SARS cases with onset of illness from 1 November 2002 to 31 July 2003 [webpage]. As of 31 December 2003. Geneva: World Health Organization (https://www.who.int/csr/sars/country/table2004_04_21/en/, по состоянию на 25 мая 2020 г.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">https://news.tut.by/world/678880.html</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">https://news.tut.by/world/678880.html</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chan J.F.W., Yuan S., Kok K.H., To K.K.W., Chu H., Yang J., Tsoi H.W. A familial of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster. The Lancet 2020. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaa077</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chan J.F.W., Yuan S., Kok K.H., To K.K.W., Chu H., Yang J., Tsoi H.W. A familial of pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus indicating person-to-person transmission: a study of a family cluster. The Lancet 2020. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaa077</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li Q., Guan X., Wu P., Wang X., Zhou L., Tong Y., Xing X. Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia. New Engl. J. Med. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2001316</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li Q., Guan X., Wu P., Wang X., Zhou L., Tong Y., Xing X. Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia. New Engl. J. Med. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2001316</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Report of the WHO-China Joint Mission on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). http://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/who-china-joint-mission-on-covid-19-final-report.pdf (accessed 04/02/2020).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Report of the WHO-China Joint Mission on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). http://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/who-china-joint-mission-on-covid-19-final-report.pdf (accessed 04/02/2020).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Merle M. Böhmer, Udo Buchholz, Victor M. Corman, Martin Hoch, Katharina Katz, Durdica V. Marosevic et al. Investigation of a COVID-19 outbreak in Germany resulting from a single travel-associated primary case: a case series. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020; 20: 920.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Merle M. Böhmer, Udo Buchholz, Victor M. Corman, Martin Hoch, Katharina Katz, Durdica V. Marosevic et al. Investigation of a COVID-19 outbreak in Germany resulting from a single travel-associated primary case: a case series. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020; 20: 920.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Burke R.M., Midgley S.M., Dratch A. et al. Active Monitoring of Persons Exposed to Patients with Confirmed COVID-19 - United States, January-February 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020; 69: 245.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Burke R.M., Midgley S.M., Dratch A. et al. Active Monitoring of Persons Exposed to Patients with Confirmed COVID-19 - United States, January-February 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020; 69: 245.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">COVID-19 National Emergency Response Center, Epidemiology and Case Management Team, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Early Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of 28 Cases of Coronavirus Disease in South Korea. Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2020; 11(1): 8-14. https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2020.11.1.03</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">COVID-19 National Emergency Response Center, Epidemiology and Case Management Team, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Early Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of 28 Cases of Coronavirus Disease in South Korea. Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2020; 11(1): 8-14. https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2020.11.1.03</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Park S.Yu., Kim Yu.M., Yi S. et al. Coronavirus Disease Outbreak in Call Center, South Korea. Emerg Infect Dis. 2020; 26: 1666.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Park S.Yu., Kim Yu.M., Yi S. et al. Coronavirus Disease Outbreak in Call Center, South Korea. Emerg Infect Dis. 2020; 26: 1666.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bi Q., Wu Y., Mei S. et al. Epidemiology and transmission of COVID-19 in 391 cases and 1286 of their close contacts in Shenzhen, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020; 20: 911.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bi Q., Wu Y., Mei S. et al. Epidemiology and transmission of COVID-19 in 391 cases and 1286 of their close contacts in Shenzhen, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020; 20: 911.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lei Luo, Dan Liu, Xinlong Liao, Xianbo Wu, Qinlong Jing et al. Contact Settings and Risk for Transmission in 3410 Close Contacts of Patients With COVID-19 in Guangzhou, China. Ann Intern Med. 2020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lei Luo, Dan Liu, Xinlong Liao, Xianbo Wu, Qinlong Jing et al. Contact Settings and Risk for Transmission in 3410 Close Contacts of Patients With COVID-19 in Guangzhou, China. Ann Intern Med. 2020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wu J., Huang Y., Tu C. et al. Household Transmission of SARS-CoV-2, Zhuhai, China, 2020. Clin Infect Dis. 2020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wu J., Huang Y., Tu C. et al. Household Transmission of SARS-CoV-2, Zhuhai, China, 2020. Clin Infect Dis. 2020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rosenberg E.S., Dufort E.M., Blog D.S. et al. COVID-19 Testing, Epidemic Features, Hospital Outcomes, and Household Prevalence, New York State-March 2020. Clin Infect Dis. 2020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rosenberg E.S., Dufort E.M., Blog D.S. et al. COVID-19 Testing, Epidemic Features, Hospital Outcomes, and Household Prevalence, New York State-March 2020. Clin Infect Dis. 2020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lewis N.M., Chu V.T., Ye D. et al. Household Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the United States. Clin Infect Dis. 2020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lewis N.M., Chu V.T., Ye D. et al. Household Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the United States. Clin Infect Dis. 2020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marina Pollán, Beatriz Pérez-Gómez, Roberto Pastor-Barriuso et al. Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Spain (ENE-COVID): a nationwide, population-based seroepidemiological study. Lancet. 2020.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marina Pollán, Beatriz Pérez-Gómez, Roberto Pastor-Barriuso et al. Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Spain (ENE-COVID): a nationwide, population-based seroepidemiological study. Lancet. 2020.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mark W. Tenforde, Erica Billig Rose, Christopher J. Lindsell et al. Characteristics of Adult Outpatients and Inpatients with COVID-19 - 11 Academic Medical Centers, United States, March-May 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020; 69: 841.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mark W. Tenforde, Erica Billig Rose, Christopher J. Lindsell et al. Characteristics of Adult Outpatients and Inpatients with COVID-19 - 11 Academic Medical Centers, United States, March-May 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020; 69: 841.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">https://news.rambler.ru/other/44643325/?utm_content=news_media&amp;utm_medium=read_more&amp;utm_source=copylink</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">https://news.rambler.ru/other/44643325/?utm_content=news_media&amp;utm_medium=read_more&amp;utm_source=copylink</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World Health Organization. Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection when novel coronavirus (nCoV) infection is suspected. 2020. https://www.who.int/publications-detail/clinical-management-of-severe-acute-respiratory-infection-when-novel-coronavirus-(ncov)-infection-is-suspected (accessed 26/03/2020).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">World Health Organization. Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection when novel coronavirus (nCoV) infection is suspected. 2020. https://www.who.int/publications-detail/clinical-management-of-severe-acute-respiratory-infection-when-novel-coronavirus-(ncov)-infection-is-suspected (accessed 26/03/2020).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Infection prevention and control for COVID-19 in healthcare settings. 2020. https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/infection-prevention-and-control-covid-19-healthcare-settings (accessed 31/03/2020).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Infection prevention and control for COVID-19 in healthcare settings. 2020. https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/infection-prevention-and-control-covid-19-healthcare-settings (accessed 31/03/2020).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Public Health England. COVID-19: infection prevention and control guidance. 2020. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/wuhan-novel-coronavirus-infection-prevention-and-control/wuhan-novel-coronavirus-wn-cov-infection-prevention-and-control-guidance#mobile-healthcare-equipment (accessed 25/03/2020).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Public Health England. COVID-19: infection prevention and control guidance. 2020. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/wuhan-novel-coronavirus-infection-prevention-and-control/wuhan-novel-coronavirus-wn-cov-infection-prevention-and-control-guidance#mobile-healthcare-equipment (accessed 25/03/2020).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Public Health England. When to use a surgical face mask or FFP3 respirator. 2020. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/874411/When_to_use_face_mask_or_FFP3.pdf (accessed 26/03/2020).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Public Health England. When to use a surgical face mask or FFP3 respirator. 2020. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/874411/When_to_use_face_mask_or_FFP3.pdf (accessed 26/03/2020).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
