Behavioral risk factors, medical awareness and adherence to treatment of medical workers of a multidisciplinary city clinical hospital

Introduction. The formation and prevalence of chronic diseases are associated with lifestyle characteristics and risk factors. The leading place in the prevention of chronic diseases is given to measures aimed at the formation of a healthy lifestyle (HLS). Active promotion of healthy lifestyle among the population, timely detection, correction and control of risk factors can significantly reduce the frequency of new cases of chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCD) and their complications. The components of prevention are influenced by the characteristics and conditions of life of the population, as well as the type of professional activity.

The aim of the study is to assess the occurrence of behavioral risk factors, medical awareness and treatment adherence in medical workers of the city clinical hospital (CCH).

Materials and methods. The open, single-stage, comparative, non-randomized study included 208 medical professionals aged 56 (41; 64) years (82 doctors and 126 nurses). The comparison group consisted of 127 people aged 52 (43; 61) years who did not have a medical profession. Physical examination, assessment of anamnesis, behavioral risk factors, and treatment adherence were performed using the “Questionnaire for assessing risk factors for CNCD in CCH employees”, developed for the questionnaire.

Results. 56 (26.9%) medical staff and 29 (22.8%) people in the comparison group smoked, 98 (47.1%) medical staff and 70 (55.1%) people in the comparison group drink alcohol. Obesity (23.6%) prevailed among medical professionals compared to participants in the comparison group (7.9%), p<0.001. Every day, more than 300 g of vegetables and fruits are consumed by 92 (44.2%) health workers and 59 (46.4%) people in the comparison group, 68 (32.7%) health workers and 47 (37%) people in the comparison group add salt to their food. 110 (52.8%) health workers and 88 (69.3%) people in the comparison group led an active lifestyle. Low adherence to treatment was observed in 162 (77.9%) medical professionals and 102 (80.3%) people in the comparison group. Factors associated with high medical awareness were the presence of a family in the health worker (OR 3.22, 95% CI; 1.78-5.81; p=0.001) and high adherence to treatment (OR 3.19, 95% CI; 1.52-6.71; p=0.002); factors that increase adherence to treatment — female gender (OR 3.24, 95% CI; 1.18-8.85; p=0.022), active lifestyle (OR 3.69, 95% CI; 1.75-7.77; p=0.001), family (or 2.29, 95% CI; 1.18-4.46; p=0.015) and young age (OR 2.37, 95% CI; 1.06-5.28; p=0,035).

Conclusions. There is a high prevalence of behavioral risk factors, low medical awareness and adherence to treatment among the medical staff of the CCH, which requires the need to correct these factors.

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