The predictive estimate of individual occupational carcinogenic risk for metallurgic enterprise workers with occupational exposure to chemical carcinogens helped to assign founders, blacksmiths, machine operators, nonferrous metals processing line operators, tool-makers, metal cutters, burners, grog operators to an increased risk group by probability of occupational cancer development. The retrospective epidemiologic study of chronic diseases prevalence and transitory disablement morbidity proved reliable increase of neoplasms occurrence under exposure to electromagnetic fields of personal computers — 1.5-fold, that to constant magnetic field — 1.2-fold; that to lead — 1.9-fold; that for increased body weight — 1.6-fold; that for hypodynamia — 1.2-fold; that for hypercholesterolemia — 1.3-fold; that for high blood pressure — 1.2-fold. The data obtained can serve as a basis of preventive strategy of carcinogenic risk minimization at an enterprise.

Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RPD) analysis was a part of toxicological studies to determine DNA fragmentation coefficient (Kfr) after the exposure to nanoparticles of silver, gold, copper oxides, iron, aluminum, zinc, lead, nickel, silicon administered intraperitoneally or by inhalation.
Intraperitoneal administration occurred 3 times a week for 6 weeks and covered empirically selected sublethal doses to provide moderate intoxication. Inhalational expositions continued 4 hours a day 5 times a week for 3, 6 or 10 months. The statistically significant increase in nuclear DNA fragmentation was observed in all cases of exposure to nanoparticles. If subjected to a combination of bioprotectors varying in the action mode, genotoxicity of the silver, copper oxide and nickel oxide nanoparticles was significantly weaker.

The article presents experimental data on the impact of high dose gamma-radiation exposure (6 Gy) on immune system, lipid oxidation products (LOPs) and antioxidant defense system (AODS) enzymes activity.
The study revealed that high dose radiation exposure suppressed the cell-mediated immunity especially with respect to T-lymphocytes and their subpopulations as well as immune defense and adaptation mechanisms. Ionizing radiation exposure led to increase of conjugated lipid dienes and malondialdehyde (MDA), and to inhibition of catalase and glutathione peroxidise activity, thus promoting oxidative stress in most of the examined samples. The results indicate dramatic changes in lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense system under the radiation stress. Both cell-mediated and humoral immunity inhibition, mononuclear phagocyte system suppression and lipid peroxidation / antioxidant defense imbalance provide a background for immunopathological disorders, provoking radiation-related carcinogenesis. Impairment of functional network related to glutathione-dependent redox catalytic system decreases human antioxidant status, that necessitates specification of new promising methods correcting adaptation.

The study of immune regulation features in workers engaged into underground mining of chromite ores demonstrated that high serum chromium levels were associated with increased phagocytic activity, if compared to physiologic normal values, in 25.7% of the workers. Findings also are phagocytic activity reliably changed by phagocytic index criterion, and significantly (1.2–1.33 times) increased absolute and relative phagocytosis and phagocytic index vs. the reference group values. IgM levels appeared 1.2 times lower vs. the reference group values, in association with IgG deficiency and increased IgA production vs. the reference values. The authors also revealed changes in cellular subpopulations balance and T-cell receptors transformation, with depressed regulatory marker CD95 in 90.0% in the main group workers, and higher number of CD4+CD25+CD127 lymphocytes, increased CD3+ and CD4+ cells 1.5- and 1.2-fold respectively vs. the reference group values. Other findings are disordered launching and regulation of apoptosis via lower Fas-receptor expression and changed balance of regulatory proteins Bcl–2 and Bax vs. the normal value in 50.0–62.5% of the workers, with reliable 2.6-fold increase of Bax level vs. the reference group.

The authors present comparative evaluation of influence caused by complex of carcinogenic work conditions of main stages of copper pyrometallic production on cancer-related mortality of the workers. Findings are that raw copper enrichment, blister copper recovery through reverberative furnace melting and f re refining of blister copper are carcinogenic danger for the workers. Malignancies frequency in the workers appeared to directly depend on occupational exposure to arsenic. The results of the workers’ cancer-related mortality correspond to data of carcinogenic risks evaluation at all stages of metallurgic production of copper. Given the study results, reasonable suggestion is to include raw copper enrichment into official list of occupational processes with carcinogenic danger.

Since2005 inRussiathere is a steady decline of employable age population, that will increase in future. Long-term tendency to longer life expectancy will increase population older than employable age and further decrease of employable age population. Increased average age of working population inevitably will be associated with more diseases burden including general somatic morbidity in working population (cardiovascular, malignancies, respiratory tract diseases, etc.), with progression and development due to occupational hazards. All that necessitates urgent solution of organizational problems of preventive care for working population, with special accent on prophylaxis — that meets key objectives presented in Order by Russian Federation President on 07/05/2018.

Innovative approaches in industrial development play a major role in the national economy if meanwhile Innovative approaches in industrial development play a major role in the national economy and simultaneously solve the problems of sanitary and epidemiological well-being and environmental safety of population, based on methods and techniques for health risk assessment and management. Maintaining cooperative working relationship with public and local authorities and research institutions involved in providing sanitary, epidemiological and environmental safety, social support, workers health and working capacity preservation is one of the mechanisms for sustaining the policy of social responsible corporate business. The article presents results of long-term agreements on cooperative activity of LLC «UMMC-Holding» and the Rospotrebnadzor’s «Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection of Industrial Workers» in public health and occupational risk management related to industrial activity by the Holding’s companies. The economic efficiency of the established partnership was estimated, and the planned objectives could be effectively achieved by sustaining cooperation in improving the corporate system for public health and occupational risk management.

Health risk evaluation, as subjected to many environmental factors (chemical, physical, lifestyle, etc.), is a topical scientific and practical task, because human is never exposed to a single factor, and human health risk management requires consideration of maximal possible amount of environmental and factorial influences.
The article deals with methodological approaches to multifactor risk evaluation and contains the results of pilot project on mortality risk assessment, exemplified by population of the Kirovograd city district of Sverdlovsk region, considering smoking and multifactor exposure to noise and chemical pollution of air. The authors presented assessment of economic losses due to the exposure and suggestions of methodological approaches development and elaboration of techniques for multifactor risk assessment to improve municipal system of health risk management and provide sanitary and epidemiological safety.

With transition of governmental supervision activities to risk-oriented model, a priority value is given to specification of a structured pack of legal regulatory and methodic documents on evaluating and managing carcinogenic risk for human health. Some aspects of risk analysis methodology are covered in recent changes of 52-FZ “On sanitary epidemiologic supervision”, but sanitary legislation lacks regulatory and methodic settings for procedures to evaluate and manage risk (including carcinogenic) for human health. This problem prevents implementation of contemporary prognostic models of development, application of complex preventive measures that are effective and resultant in prophylaxis, decrease, compensation and insurance of public health risks.

Dietary intake (2 week menu) was evaluated on 4 metallurgic enterprises, with assessment of eating habits and anthropometry in 370 workers, using automated informational system “Calculation system for catering”. The eating habits were assessed through the authors’ questionnaire. According to the study results, the canteens which are units within industrial enterprises are socially oriented, demonstrate higher motivation in service quality, service schedule more corresponding to diet scheme of various shift workers, more variability of dishes, if compared to the canteens working on outsourcing agreements. The canteens working on outsourcing agreements are interested more in profits — that causes more disturbances, lower food quality and discontentment from the workers. Control over the menu formation on the enterprises is poor. Complex meals for therapeutic prophylactic diet, formed without consideration of nutritive value, appeared to have low protein and high fat contents.

Using single-factor analysis, the study covered prevalence and occupational conditionality of cardiovascular diseases in workers exposed to fibrogenic dust. The findings are higher prevalence of arterial hypertension, left ventricle myocardium hypertrophy, sinus tachycardia, obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, fasting hyperglycemia in silicosis and asbestosis patients if compared to refractory and asbestos-enrichment production workers with long length of service. Based on calculated relative risk and etiologic fraction, the authors revealed average occupational conditionality of arterial hypertension (etiologic fraction 45%), high occupational conditionality of left ventricle myocardium hypertrophy (etiologic share 59.7%), sinus tachycardia syndrome and obesity, and extremely high occupational dependence of carbohydrate metabolism (etiologic fraction 77.2%) on fibrogenic dust — that helps to assign this metabolic and cardiovascular disorders to occupationally-conditioned diseases.

Rats subjected to coal dust combined with radiation dose of 6 Gy in long-term period demonstrated cytogenetic disorders and changes in bronchial mucosa, arterial and arterioli walls in lung stroma, destructive changes in liver parenchyma with colliquation necrosis foci in liver lobules, on oxidative stress background. Findings are that combined experimental exposure to dust and radiation on oxidative stress background increases carcinogenic and genotoxic risks in animals.