Errors of professional activity of transport system operators in conditions of high information load

Introduction. Ensuring traffic safety on the railway network involves the development of complex predictive models that take into account both the state of technology and the influence of the "human factor" in order to minimize the risk of erroneous actions and prevent accidents.

The study aims to research the mistakes of railway transport operators (using the example of locomotive crew workers).

Materials and methods. The authors have conducted the study on the basis of analysis of the database of erroneous actions of employees of locomotive crews (2020–2021), submitted by the Research Institute of Railway Transport (according to the agreement on joint scientific cooperation between the Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health and Research Institute of Railway Transport).

Results. The database recorded 104,515 cases attributed to 291 types of erroneous actions with qualitative differences that reflected the degree of risk to the safety of train traffic. The most common categories of violations related to the maintenance of train documentation, errors in locomotive control, non-compliance with the speed limit, disconnection of locomotive safety devices, speeding, brake control violations, violations of the rules of negotiations, the passage of a forbidding signal. In relation to employees who committed violations, the most common disciplinary penalties were identified (analysis of the case in technical classes, deprivation of an employee of a bonus in the amount of 25, 50 and 100%). In a number of cases, several different disciplinary penalties were applied to one employee at the depot for the same violation.

Limitations. Inability to get access to the protocols of psychophysiological examination of employees of locomotive crews.

Conclusion. The obtained scientific results allow us to assert that the productivity and safety of the operator's activity correlates with the level of professional training and the mechanisms of its inclusion in the activity. The prospects for further research of the problem of ensuring the safety of locomotive crews' employees consist in a detailed study of the combined effect of factors of the working environment and the labor process in conditions of increasing labor intensity, increasing speeds and volumes of railway transportation. It is necessary to study the ratio and role of such indicators as reliability, professional suitability and readiness of the employee to perform functional duties in the event of an emergency.

Ethics. The study was carried out on the basis of documents submitted by JSC "Russian Railways". The documents contained the number and typology of mistakes made by employees of locomotive crews in the period 2020-2021. The scientists have conducted the study in accordance with the Ethical principles of anonymity, confidentiality, respect for the rights of the subject of the study, the principles of scientific and impartiality.

Contribution:
Bogdanova V.E. — the text writing, editing;
Zakrevskaya A.A. — data processing;
Serikov V.V. — research concept.

Funding. The study had no funding.

Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests.

Received: 24.04.2023 / Accepted: 03.05.2023 / Published: 05.09.2023

1. Oboznov A.A., Akimova A.Ju. Trust-distrust and super-confidence-super-distrust of automation in operator activities. Avtomatizacija v promyshlennosti. 2022; 2: 4–9. https://doi.org/10.25728/avtprom.2022.02.01 https://elibrary.ru/nfueva

2. Ivashhenko G.I. The history of the development of studies of labor activity on the railway, connected with the human factor. In: Materialy mezhdunarodnoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii. Orenburg, 14 Apr. 2021. Sterlitamak; 2021: 87–91. https://elibrary.ru/xjaapv

3. Makarova O.A. Safety of the professional activity of the operator. Zametki uchenogo. 2021; 9–2: 87–92. https://elibrary.ru/mjglnf

4. Korshun E.A. The role of the human factor in improving labor safety in railway transport. In.: Sbornik materialov II mezhdunarodnoj shkoly-konferencii. Moscow, 15–16 Dec. 2021. Moscow, 2022: 123–129. https://elibrary.ru/tsmdpd

5. Kostin A.N. Flexible change in the degree of automation as a means of distributing functions between man and automation. Organizacionnaja psihologija i psihologija truda. 2018; 3(3): 218–232. https://elibrary.ru/yatmxj

6. Pekar’ E.V. The history of the study of mistakes as a unit of psychological analysis of professional activity. Vestnik MGPU. Serija: Pedagogika i psihologija. 2021; 4(58): 180-202. https://doi.org/10.25688/2076-9121.2021.58.4.10 https://elibrary.ru/vsuqhy

7. Rytov M.Ju. Theoretical and applied issues of selection and training of operators of human-machine complexes in domestic ergonomics. Jergodizajn. 2020; 4(10): 203–223. https://doi.org/10.30987/2658-4026-2020-4-203-223 https://elibrary.ru/anfpfq

8. Prasolov V.S. Formalization of operator errors. StudNet. 2020; 3(9): 1176–1181. https://doi.org/10.24411/2658-4964-2020-10242 https://elibrary.ru/rjtcxb

9. Safonov A.A. Psychophysiological causes of erroneous actions of the flight crew. In.: Aktual’nye problemy gumanitarnyh i social’no-jekonomicheskih nauk. 2018; 12: 219–222. https://elibrary.ru/uulofe

10. Zamyshljaev A.M. Prerequisites for the creation of a digital traffic safety management system. Nadezhnost’. 2019; 19(4): 45–52. https://doi.org/10.21683/1729-2646-2019-19-4-45-52

11. Strelkov Ju.K. Psychological content of operator’s work. M.: Rossijskoe Psihologicheskoe Obshhestvo; 1999.

12. Smirnov B.A. Dolgopolova E.V. Psychology of activity in extreme situations. H.: Gumanitarnyj centr; 2007.

13. Safin A.M. The phenomenon of error in the structure of human activity. Uchenye zapiski Kazanskogo universiteta. 2013; 155(1): 157–162. https://elibrary.ru/qbhesx

14. Handbook of road safety. M. ROSAVTODOR; 2010. https://clck.ru/34kJij

15. Troickaja A.V. Professional training of future police officers in the process of training in educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta MVD Rossii. 2019; 5: 43–46. https://elibrary.ru/ohkxsh

16. Speed control — a guide to road safety for managers and professionals. Global’noe partnerstvo po bezopasnosti dorozhnogo dvizhenija. Zheneva; 2008. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/112504

17. Blinova Ju.S. Psychological criteria for the professional reliability of the driver. Sbornik statej VIII Ezhegodnoj nauchnoj konferencii aspirantov «MGOTU», May 17, 2018. Korolev; 91–100. https://elibrary.ru/lxpltf

18. Vasil’eva N.V. Analysis of the relationship between ergonomic parameters and professional stress in operator activity. In.: Materialy Molodezhnoj programmy 26-oj Mezhdunarodnoj specializirovannoj vystavki i Foruma, 06–09 Dec. 2022. Moscow.; 2023: 143-140. https://elibrary.ru/aobsai

19. Kotljarova L.N. Psychophysiological capabilities of a human operator in extreme conditions of activity. Lichnost’ v jekstremal’nyh i krizisnyh situacijah zhiznedejatel’nosti. 2019; 9: 22–28. https://elibrary.ru/gxsrhg

20. Elliott B. Road Safety Mass Media Campaigns: A Meta Analysis. Canberra: Federal Office of Road Safety. 1993. https://worldcat.org/title/29392114

21. Global status report on road safety 2015. World Health Organization. Geneva; 2015. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/189242

22. Xia M., Li X., Jiang F., Wang S. Cause analysis and countermeasures of locomotive runaway accident based on fault tree analysis method. Procedia Engineering. 2012; 45: 38–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2012.08.117

23. Topical issues of psycho-physiological provision of traffic safety in railway transport. Ed. V.V. Serikov, V.Ja. Koljagin. Moscow: Izdatel’skie reshenija; 2017. https://elibrary.ru/heqlat