Metabolic syndrome in occupational respiratory diseases

Introduction. Metabolic syndrome (MS) is currently considered as aninterdisciplinary medical problem, which is due to its wide prevalence and interrelation with the development of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. It is of interest to study the combination of MS and respiratory diseases due to their common pathogenetic mechanisms.

Objective is to assess an importance of studying MS in patients with occupational respiratory diseases and a possibility of using laboratory parameters as risk markers for developing occupational respiratory diseases and metabolic syndrome combination.

Materials and methods. The results of examination of 257 patients with occupational bronchopulmonary pathology were analyzed. Additional tests in patients with occupational asthma (OA) included levels of serum leptin and polymorphisms of inflammatory process regulation genes (interleukins–4, 6, 10, tumor necrosis factor-α, C-reactive protein (CRP), leptin receptor).

Study results and discussion. MS was detected in 58.7% of patients with occupational bronchial asthma (OA), in 44.1% of patients with occupational chronic bronchitis, in 48.6% of patients with occupational COPD, and in 38.7% of patients with pneumoconiosis. MS components appeared to be associated with respiratory function parameters. Role of Gln223Arg polymorphisms of leptin receptor gene and C3872T of CRP gene in development of leptin resistance has been confirmed. Findings are that genotype CC (C174G) of IL–6 gene gets 2.5-fold increase of MS development risk (OR=2.507, 95% CI=1.045–6.017), the presence of three or more cytokine gene polymorphisms 2.4 times increases the need to use systemic steroids to control OA (OR=2.449, 95% CI=1.127–5.324).

Conclusion. Measures aimed to prevent the development of metabolic disorders in workers exposed to industrial aerosol are at the same time measures to reduce the risk of developing respiratory diseases and to prevent progression of existing diseases. Using informative laboratory markers can optimize treatment and preventive measures, taking into account the individual characteristics of the organism.

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