Normative and methodological support of control of electromagnetic fields at the ships

The seafarers carried out the professional activity in a complex electromagnetic environment (EME), with technical means, structural materials, depending on the purpose of the watercraft, architectural features, and vessel classification.

There are static electric fields, permanent magnetic and low-frequency electric and magnetic fields on ships.

Marine radio-electronic means (REM) creates Electromagnetic fields (EMF) of the radio frequency range that provide communication, the safety of navigation and operation, and solving navigation problems. According to the documents of the sanitary legislation, specialists carry out control of the maximum permissible EMF levels for watercraft and marine structures at the design stage of the vessel by calculating the intensity of electromagnetic fields during commissioning, instrumental control of EMF levels.

There are new technical means in modern automated vessels of various types and purposes that create electromagnetic fields in the crew's stay zones, which makes it urgent to improve regulatory and methodological documents in the area of ensuring the electromagnetic safety of the team and passengers.

The study aims to develop proposals for regulatory, methodological, and hardware control over compliance with the maximum permissible levels of electromagnetic fields on ships to ensure the electromagnetic safety of the crew.

Generalization of materials of own research of EME on ships, systematization of sources of electromagnetic fields. Analysis of regulations in occupational safety and health for the protection of the crew from the effects of EME, methodological documents on the calculation forecasting, and instrumental determination of the levels of electromagnetic fields.

Experts have revealed that there are electromagnetic fields of a wide frequency range in the premises of ships and on open decks.

The study showed that electromagnetic fields of a wide frequency range are created in the premises of ships and on open decks. Indoors, the most significant is the impact on the crew of electric and magnetic fields with a frequency of 50 Hz created by the ship's electric power systems. In addition, on open decks (at workplaces and in crew recreation areas), the protection of the crew from EMF antennas of the radio frequency range is relevant. Therefore, it is necessary to develop methods for calculating the prediction of EMF levels and improve the means of measuring electromagnetic fields on ships.

The most common sources of EMF in the crew's stay areas are radio communication and radar facilities, ship's electric power systems. The task of developing a methodological document on the calculated prediction of EMF levels in rooms and on open decks at the design stage of ships is urgent. In addition, it is necessary to develop devices-meters of electromagnetic fields for instrumental monitoring of EMF levels in actual operating conditions of the vessel.

1. Aleksandrov V.L. On the implementation of the program for the construction of ships and vessels for the period 2013–2030. Morskoy Vestnik. 2013; 2(11): 7–8 (in Russian).

2. Abramov A.V., Volostnyh V.V. Strategy for the development of domestic maritime transport. Vestnik Zabajkal'skogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. 2019; 25(10): 112–9 (in Russian).

3. Ponomareva T.G. The role of shipbuilding and international maritime transport in the development of the Russian transport system in the context of the globalization of world markets. Nauchnye trudy Doneckogo nacional'nogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta. Seriya: ekonomicheskaya. 2014; 1: 234–43 (in Russian).

4. Vishnevskij A.M., Gorodeckij B.N. The problem of ensuring the electromagnetic safety of modern marine technical facilities. Trudy Krylovskogo gosudarstvennogo nauchnogo centra. 2019; 1(387): 143–54 (in Russian).

5. Denisova E.S., Butorina N.V. The study of harmful production factors in the workplaces of the crew. Mezhdunarodnyj zhurnal prikladnyh i fundamental'nyh issledovanij. 2016; 8–4: 495–98 (in Russian).

6. Korzun V.V., Mamenko P.P. The electromagnetic field of ship antennas and its effect on the health of crew members. Naukovij vіsnik Hersons'koї derzhavnoї mors'koї akademії. 2016; 14(1): 185–95 (in Russian).

7. Kubasov R.V., Lupachev V.V., Kubasova E.D. Medical and sanitary conditions of the crew's life activity on board a sea vessel (literature review). Medicina truda i promyshlennaya ekologiya. 2016; 6: 43–6 (in Russian).

8. Sedov V.S., Lazarev D.V. 40 years in shipbuilding. Experience in conducting research and performing practical work in the field of electromagnetic compatibility and electromagnetic safety on ships and vessels. Morskoe oborudovanie i tekhnologii. 2019; 3(20): 41–57 (in Russian).

9. Lazarev D.V., Gorchakova E.A. Scientific and methodological support and hardware and software complex for the assessment of electromagnetic safety in the operation of marine infrastructure facilities. Problemy razvitiya korabel'nogo vooruzheniya i sudovogo radioelektronnogo oborudovaniya. 2012; 1: 27–38 (in Russian).

10. Nikitina V.N., Kalada T.V., Pokhodzey L.V., Razletova A.B., Sokolov G.V. The issue of implementation of the hygienic requirements hypogeomagnetic conditions on ships. Zdorov'e — osnova chelovecheskogo potentsiala: problemy i puti ikh resheniya: 2018; 13(2): 912–20 (in Russian).

11. Ustinov Ju.M., Pripotnjuk A.V., Kulinich A.I. Analysis of the current state of ship communications and rescue equipment. Vestnik Gosudarstvennogo universiteta morskogo i rechnogo flota imeni admirala S.O. Makarova. 2016; 2(36): 166–74 (in Russian).

12. Nikitina V.N., Lyashko G.G., Kalinina N.I. Analysis of the state of the current electromagnetic safety for crews of the icebreaking fleet vessel. Gigiena i sanitariya. 2018; 12: 1210–14 (in Russian).

13. Marinich A.N., Pripotnjuk A.V., Ustinov Ju.M. Monitoring of ships along the northern sea route using satellite communication systems. Vestnik Gosudarstvennogo universiteta morskogo i rechnogo flota imeni admirala S.O. Makarova. 2016; 6(40): 184–205 (in Russian).

14. Kubasov R.V., Lupachev V.V., Kubasova E.D. Medical and sanitary conditions of the crew's life activity on board a sea vessel (literature review). Medicina truda i promyshlennaya ekologiya. 2016; 6: 43–5 (in Russian).

15. Shinsuke Urushidani, Toshiki Kikuchi, Toshikazu Terasava, Yuji Sano. Analysis of background factors in marine accidents and incidents caused by watch-keeper drowsiness in Japan. Aktual'nye problemy transportnoj mediciny. 2011; 26(4): 62–7.

16. Emel'yanov M.D. Quantitative assessment of the risk of accidents of marine vessels. Nauchno-tekhnicheskij sbornik Rossijskogo morskogo registra sudohodstva. 2017; 46–47: 32–37 (in Russian).

17. Volostnyh V.V., Ivankovich T.S. Shipbuilding prospects, programs and realities. Morskoj vestnik. 2012; 9(1): 93–4 (in Russian).

18. Bogdanov A.A., Voronov V.V. Social and hygienic monitoring in military shipbuilding. Morskaya medicina. 2015; 1(4): 40–4 (in Russian).

19. Mosyagin I.G., Popov A.M., Chirkov D.V. The naval doctrine of Russia is a priority for the people. Morskaya medicina. 2015; 1(3): 5–12 (in Russian).

20. Malka N. Halgamuge. Radio Hazard Safety Assessment for Marine Ship Transmitters: Measurements Using a New Data Collection Method and Comparison with ICNIRP and ARPANSA Limits. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2015; 12: 5338–5354. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph120505338