Cardiorespiratory disorders in abdominal obesity in workers of coal mining enterprises in the south of Kuzbass

Introduction. The wide prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and their close connection with obesity, especially abdominal, makes the question of the relationship of these disorders with the respiratory system highly relevant to the coal industry. Their working conditions are closely related to the harmful effects on production factors.

The study aimed to study the main cardiorespiratory parameters in coal industry workers with abdominal obesity.

Materials and methods. We explored 369 men, including 225 employees of coal mines and 114 workers of open-pit coal mining enterprises in the South of Kuzbass, aged from 40 to 55 years (the average age of miners — 46.2±0.36 years, workers of open-pit mines — 46.7±0.36 years, p=0.344). Scientists conducted a study of external respiration function on an analyzer of the pneumotachometric type "Spiro-Spectrum." We used the ultrasound system "Vivid E9", manufactured by General Electric, to define echocardiographic parameters.

Results. The percentage of abdominal obesity among the coal mining industry employees in the south of Kuzbass was relatively high (more than 50%). At the same time, we detected arterial hypertension much more often.

Scientists have found that the average values of the lungs' vital capacity and the volume of forced exhalation for the first second have decreased in both groups in the presence of abdominal obesity. Moreover, we found a pronounced deviation among the miners.

Researchers associate the values of the leading echocardiographic indicators with the presence of visceral obesity. 

We identified high values of systolic pressure in the pulmonary artery and characteristic signs of diastolic myocardial dysfunction in the examined patients. The researchers also identified the most pronounced indices of right and left atrial volumes in miners.

In underground workers, the data of correlation analysis indirectly indicate that an increase in waist circumference is not the main factor affecting the reduction in their left ventricular longitudinal deformation.

But we can't say this for onshore coal mining workers, who have a moderate connection.

Conclusions. Abdominal obesity harms the respiratory system of coal industry workers, more pronounced in miners. Visceral obesity is significantly associated with dysfunction of the right and left parts of the heart, both in miners and in coal mine workers.

Ethics. The examination of patients was by the ethical standards of the Bioethical Committee of the Research Institute for Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases under the Helsinki Declaration of the World Association "Ethical Principles of Conducting Scientific Medical Research with Human Participation." Amended in 2013 and the "Rules of Clinical Practice in the Russian Federation." (Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 266 of 19.06.2003.) All the surveyed persons signed informed consent to participate in the study.

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