Assessment of nutrition of working-age men with a low level of physical activity

Ensuring the preservation of the country’s labor potential has always been a priority for Russian health care. Analysis of the nutrition of a group of people united by a number of characteristics (gender, age, place of residence, peculiarities of labor activity) is an important direction in the implementation of therapeutic and preventive measures.

In order to develop preventive recommendations for rationalization of nutrition, an analysis of the nutrition of men of different ages in Novokuznetsk, whose work activity is characterized by a low level of physical activity, was carried out.

A retrospective one-step study of 169 men aged 23–48 years with low physical activity, living for more than 10 years in Novokuznetsk, was conducted. There are two groups: 1 group — up to and including 39 years (89 people) and 2 group–40 years and older (80 people). The actual nutrition of men was evaluated by the computer program “Analysis of the state of human nutrition” (Version 1.2. State Research Institute of Nutrition of the Russian Academy of Sciences 2003–2005).

The caloric content of the diet exceeded the standards in group 1 by 1.6 times (by 1333 kcal), in group 2 — by 1.7 times (by 1367 kcal). Increased consumption of total fat in men up to 39 years and 1.4 times, 40 years and older is 1.5 times, and the proportion of saturated fatty acids (SFAS) above the norm by 1.3 times in males up to 39 years and aged 40 years and older, 1.6 times; cholesterol higher than normative values at the age of 39 years 175 mg , aged 40 years and older at 365 mg. Protein consumption in both groups was statistically significantly higher than normal (116 g at 68 g and 113 g at 65 g in group 1 and 2, respectively). There was a deficit of dietary fiber consumption by 12 and 10 g, respectively, in the study groups, with increased use of mono and disaccharides in the diet by 2 or more times. The consumption of mineral substances in men in both groups is statistically significantly exceeded in comparison with the norms of physiological needs (NFN) consumption of sodium (p¹<0.001, p²<0.001); potassium (p¹=0.001, p²=0.001); calcium (p¹<0.02, p²=0.02); phosphorus (p¹<0.001, p²<0.001), iron (p¹<0.001; p²<0.001), vitamins a in retinol equivalents (p¹=0.004, p²<0.001), B₂ (p¹=0.03, p²=0.02); C (p¹=0.04, p²=0.002).

The diets of able-bodied men with low levels of physical activity, unbalanced in the direction of excess total caloric intake, amount of proteins and fats, simple carbohydrates, cholesterol, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, iron, vitamins A, C, B₂, which is a serious risk factor for chronic non-infectious diseases (CNID) and should be considered when implementing prevention and treatment programmes in enterprises.

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