Syndrome of early vascular aging in persons working under the influence of industrial aerosol

Introduction. Currently, the concept of early vascular aging, manifested by an increase in the stiffness of the vascular wall, is gaining popularity. As a method of diagnosis of this syndrome, volumetric sphygmography is increasingly used to determine the cardiovascular ankle vascular index and estimated age. In addition to studying the impact of traditional cardiovascular risk factors on the development of vascular rigidity, a promising direction is the search for additional factors that reduce the elasticity of the vascular wall.

The aim of the study was to assess the effect of industrial aerosol on the development of early vascular aging syndrome in metallurgical workers.

Materials and methods. 155 men working at the metallurgical enterprise were examined. The main group included 95 people working in conditions of exposure to industrial aerosol. The comparison group included 60 workers not exposed to industrial aerosol. All subjects underwent periodic medical examination, assessment of blood lipid spectrum, smoking status and experience, study of elastic properties of the vascular wall by volumetric sphygmography.

Results. The study showed that in persons working under the influence of industrial aerosol, the cardiovascular ankle vascular index was significantly higher than in the comparison group (7.13 [6.3; 8] and 6.75 [6.1;7.13], respectively, p=0.006). The estimated age remained comparable with the chronological age of the two groups, but was significantly higher in the main group (42 [29;49] years and 37.1 [29;44] years, respectively, p=0.014). An increase in the cardiovascular-ankle vascular index relative to the age norm was revealed in 33.6% of the surveyed main group, which is twice higher than this indicator of the comparison group (16.6%). According to the calculated vascular age, early vascular aging was detected in 28.4% of the main group and in 13.3% of the comparison group. Signifi cantdiff erences appear when working in hazardous conditions for more than 10 years in the age category from 35 to 45 years.

Conclusions. The obtained results indicate a high prevalence of early vascular aging in persons working under the influence of industrial aerosol.

1. Strazhesko I.D., Akasheva D.U., Dudinskaya E.N., Tkacheva O.N. Vascular aging: the main features and mechanisms. Kardiovaskulyarnaya terapiya i profi laktika. 2012; 11(4): 93–100. (in Russian).

2. Oleynikov V.E., Khromova A.A., Burko N.V., Salyamova L.I., Borisova N.A., Matrosova I.B. Comprehensive assessment of arterial stiff ness and traditional risk factors as predictors of early vascular aging syndrome. Rossiyskiy kardiologicheskiy zhurnal. 2018; 23(3): 31–6. DOI: 10.15829/1560–4071–2018–3–31–36 (in Russian).

3. Kim H. Arterial stiff ness and coronary artery disease. South Korea. EMJ Cardiology. 2016; 4(1): 84–9. DOI: 10.1097/HCO. 0000000000000179

4. Nilsson P.M., Lurbe E., Laurent S. Th e early life origins of vascular ageing and cardiovascular risk: the EVA syndrome [review]. J Hypertens. 2008; 26(6): 1049–57. DOI: 10.1097/HJH. 0b013e3282f82c3e.

5. Nilsson P.M. Hemodynamic aging as the consequence of structural changes associated with Early Vascular Aging (EVA). Aging Dis. 2014; 5(2): 109–13. DOI: 10.14336/AD. 2014.0500109.

6. Chernyak S.V. et al. Syndrome of early aging of blood vessels: a scientifi c hypothesis, or a new strategy of organoprotection. Lechebnoe delo: nauchno-prakticheskiy terapevticheskiy zhurnal. 2014; 4(38): 45–8. (in Russian).

7. Soldatenkova N.A. et al. Early vascular aging: prevalence and predictors in the Russian population. Biotekhnosfera. 2016; 2(44):22–8. (in Russian).

8. Gaysenok O.V. et al. Th e use of the CAVI index in clinical practice: estimated vascular age as a tool for making decisions about additional examination of patients with cardiovascular diseases. Kardiologiya. 2015; 7:51–6. DOI: 18565/cardio. 2015.7.51–56 (in Russian).

9. Endes S. et al. (2016) Associations of Novel and Traditional Vascular Biomarkers of Arterial Stiff ness: Results of the SAPALDIA 3 Cohort Study. PLoS ONE 11(9): e0163844. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone. 0163844.

10. Troshin V.V., Fedotov V.D. Th e ability to study the rigidity of the vascular wall during periodic medical examinations to identify risk groups for cardiovascular pathology. ZNiSO. 2017; 6 (291): 22–4 (in Russian).

11. Mikhin V.P., et al. Th e state of parameters of stiff ness of the vascular wall in patients with arterial hypertension on the background of complex therapy with cytoprotectors and sartans. Arkhiv” vnutrenney meditsiny. 2015; 5:40–4. DOI: 10.20514/2226-6704- 2015-0-5-15 (in Russian).

12. Groenewegen K.A. et al. Vascular age to determine cardiovascular disease risk: a systematic review of its concepts, defi nitions, and clinical applications. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2016; 23(3): 264–74. DOI: 10.1177/2047487314566999

13. Vasyuk Yu.A. et al. Consistent opinion of Russian experts on arterial stiff ness in clinical practice. Kardiovaskulyarnaya terapiya i profi laktika. 2016; 15(2): 4–19. DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2016- 2-4-19 (in Russian).

14. Townsend R.R. et al. Recommendations for improving and standardizing vascular research on arterial stiff ness: a scientifi c statement from the American heart association. Hypertension. 2015; 66(3):698–722. DOI: 10.1161/HYP.0000000000000033.

15. Karpov Yu.A., Sorokin E.V. Th e eff ect of combined antihypertensive therapy on the risk of cardiovascular complications and vascular age: the results of a multicenter open-label study ADVANT’AGE. Atmosfera. Novosti kardiologii. 2015; 3: 2–10. (in Russian)

16. Zairova A.R., Rogoza A.N., Dobrovol’skiy A.B., Oshchepkova E.V., Titaeva E.V., Starostin I.V. i dr. Arterial stiffness and “vascular aging” in conjunction with coagological risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in the adult population of Tomsk according to the ESSE-RF study. Kardiologicheskiy vestnik. 2018; 13(1):5–15. DOI: 10.17116/Cardiobulletin20181315–15 (in Russian).

17. Endes S, Bachler M, Li Y, Mayer C, Hanssen H, Hametner B, et al. Feasibility of oscillometric aortic pressure and stiffness assessment using the VaSera VS–1500: comparison with a common tonometric method. Blood Press Monit. 2015; 20:273–79. DOI: 10.1097/MBP.0000000000000137

18. Brook R.D. Cardiovascular eff ects of air pollution. Clin Sci. 2008; 115(6): 175–87. DOI: 10.1042/CS20070444.

19. Schulz H. Cardiovascular eff ects of fi ne and ultrafi ne particles. J Aerosol Med. 2005; 18(1): 1–22. DOI: 10.1089/jam.2005.18.1

20. Chashchin M.V. et al. Welding aerosol as a risk factor for the development of circulatory diseases. ZNiSO. 2013; 5 (242): 14–5 (in Russian).