Features of antibodies against benzo[a]pyrene formation in workers of coal mines and thermal power plants

Introduction. Coal dust and coal fi ring products contain large amounts of carcinogenic chemicals (specifically benz[a]pyrene) that are different in influence on workers of coal mines and thermal power plants. Specific immune reactions to benz[a]pyrene therefore in these categories of workers can have specific features.
Objective. To reveal features of antibodies specifi c to benz[a]pyrene formation in workers of coal mines and thermal power plants.
Materials and methods. The study covered A and G class antibodies against benz[a]pyrene (IgA-Bp and IgG-Bp) in serum of 705 males: 213 donors of Kemerovo blood transfusion center (group 1, reference); 293 miners(group 2) and 199 thermal power plant workers (group 3). Benz[a]pyrene conjugate with bovine serum albumin as an adsorbed antigen was subjected to immune-enzyme assay.
Results. IgA-Bp levels in the miners (Me = 2.7) did not differ from those in the reference group (Me = 2.9), but in the thermal power plant workers (Me = 3.7) were reliably higher than those in healthy men and in the miners (p<0.0001). Levels of IgG-Bp in the miners (Me = 5.0) appeared to be lower than those in the reference group (Me = 6.4; (p = 0.05). IgG-Bb level in the thermal power plantworkers (Me = 7.4) exceeded the parameters in the healthy donors and the miners (p<0.0001). Non-industrial factors (age and smoking) appeared tohave no influence on specific immune reactions against benz[a]pyrene in the miners and the thermal power plant workers.
Conclusions. Specific immune reactions against benz[a]pyrene in the miners and the thermal power plant workers are characterized by peculiarities: the miners demonstrate lower levels of class A serum antibodies to benz[a]pyrene; the thermal power plant workers present increased serum levels of class G antibodies to benz[a]pyrene. These peculiarities result from only the occupational features, but do not depend on such factors as age, smoking and length of service at hazardous production. It is expedient to study specific immune reactions to benz[a]pyrene in workers of coal mines and thermal power plants, to evaluate individual oncologic risk and if malignancies occur.

1. Moolten F.L., Capparel N., Boger E. Reduction of respiratory tract binding of benzo(a)pyrene in mice by immunization. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 1978; 61(5): 1347-9. [DOI 10.1093/jnci/61.5.1347].

2. Silbart L.K., Keren D.F. Reduction of intestinal carcinogen absorption by carcinogen-specifi c immunity. Science. 1989; 243 (4897): 1462-4. [DOI 10.1126/science. 2928780].

3. Rasmussen M.V., Silbart L.K. Peroral administration of specifi c antibody enhances carcinogen excretion. J. Immunother.1998; 21(6): 418-26.

4. Grova N., Prodhomme E.J., Schellenberger M.T., Farinelle S., Muller C.P. Modulation of carcinogen bioavailability by immunisation with benzo[a]pyrene - conjugate vaccines. Vaccine.2009; 27(31): 4142-51. [DOI 10.1016/j.vaccine. 2009.04.052].

5. De Buck S.S., Muller C.P. Immunopropylactic approaches against chemical carcinogenesis. Vaccine. 2005; 23(17-18): 2403-2406. [DOI 10.1016/j. vaccine. 2005.01.020].

6. De Buck S.S., Schellenberger M.T., Ensch C., Muller C.P. Effects of antibodies induced by a conjugate vaccine on 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone absorptive transport, metabolism, and proliferation of human lung cells. Int. J. Cancer.2010; 1, 127(3): 513-20. [DOI 10.1002/ijc. 25073].

7. Boysen G., Hecht S.S. Analysis of DNA and protein adducts of benzo[a]pyrene in human tissues using structure-specifi c methods. Mutat. Res.2003; 543(1): 17-30. [DOI 10.1016/S1383-5742(02)00068-6]

8. Vineis P., Perera F. Molecular epidemiology and biomarkers in etiologic cancer research: the new in light of the old. Can cer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev.2007; 16(10): 1954-65. [DOI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-07-0457].

9. Lerà N., Retruzzelli S., Celi A., Puntoni R., Fornai E., Säwe U. et al. Presence and persistence of serum anti- benzo[a]pyrene diolepoxide-DNA adduct antibodies in smokers: effects of smoking reduction and cessation. Int. J. Cancer.1997; 70(2): 145-9. [DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0215(19970117)70:2<145::AIDIJC1>3.0.CO;2-X].

10. Petruzzelli S., Celi A., Pulerà N., Baliva F., Viegi G., Carrozzi L. et al. Serum antibodies to benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide- DNA adducts in the general population: effects of air pollution, tobacco smoking, and family history of lung diseases. Cancer Res.1998; 58(18): 4122-6.

11. Galati R., Zijno A., Crebelli R., Falasca G., Tomei F., Iecher F. et al. Defection of antibodies to benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxideDNA adducts in sera from individuals exposed to low doses of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res. 2001; 20(3): 359-64.

12. Pauk N., Klimesova S., Kara J., Topinka J., Labaj J. The relevance of monitoring of antibodies against polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and PAH-DNA adducts in serum in relation to lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Neoplasma.2013; 60(2): 182-7. [DOI 10.4149/neo_2013_024].

13. Harris C.C., Vahakangas K., Newman M.J., Trivers G.E., Shamsuddin A., Sinopoli N. et al. Detection of benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide-DNA adducts in peripheral blood lymphocytes and antibodies to the adducts in serum from coke oven workers. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA.1985; 82(19): 6672-6.

14. Santella R.M., Perera F.P., Young T.L., Zhang Y.J., Chiamprasert S., Tang D. et al. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-DNA and protein adducts in coal tar patients and controls and their relationship to glutathione S-transferase genotype. Mutat. Res.1995; 334(2): 117-24. [DOI 10.1016/0165-1161(95)90001-2].

15. Glushkov A.N., Polenok E.G., Kostyanko M.V., Titov V.A., Vafin I.A., Ragozhina S.E. Vzaimnoe vliyanie antitel k benzo[a]pirenu, estradiolu i progesteronu na riski vozniknoveniya raka legkogo. Rossiiskii immunologicheskii zhurnal.2015; 9(18): 343-9.

16. Khudolei V.V. Kantserogeny: kharakteristiki, zakonomernosti, mekhanizmy deistviya. NII Khimii SPbGU, Sankt-Peterburg; 1990.

17. Glushkov A.N., Polenok E.G., Anosova T.P., Savchenko YA.A., Bakanova M.L., Minina V.I. et al. Serum antibodies to benzo[a] pyrene and chromosomal aberrations in lymphocytes peripheral blood at the workers of the coal processing enterprise. Rossijskij immunologicheskij zhurnal.2011; 5(14): 39-44 (in Russian).

18. Glushkov A.N., Polenok E.G., Anosova T.P., Savchenko Ya.A., Bakanova M.L., Minina V.I. i dr. Syvorotochnye antitela k benzo[a]pirenu i khromosomnye aberratsii v limfotsitakh perifericheskoi krovi u rabochikh uglepererabatyvayushchego predpriyatiya. Rossiiskii immunologicheskii zhurnal.2011; 5(14): 39-44

19. Hajian-Tilaki K. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curve Analysis for Medical Diagnostic Test Evaluation. Caspian J. Intern. Med.2013; 4(2): 627-35.

20. Attfi eld M.D., Kuempel E.D. Mortality among U.S. underground coal miners: a 23-year follow-up. Am J. Ind. Med.2008; 51(4): 231-45. [DOI 10.1002/ajim. 20560].

21. Hosgood HD III, Chapman RS, Wei H, He X, Tian L, Liu LZ et al. Coal mining is associated with lung cancer risk in Xuanwei, China. Am J Ind Med.2012; 55(1): 5-10. [DOI 10.1002/ajim. 21014].

22. Jenkins W.D., Christian W.J., Mueller G., Robbins K.T. Population cancer risks associated with coal mining: a systematic review. PLoS One.2013; 8(8): e71312. [DOI 10.1371/journal. pone. 0071312].

23. Laney A.S., Weissman D.N. Respiratory diseases caused by coal mine dust. J. Occup. Environ Med.2014; 10: 18-22. [DOI 10.1097/JOM. 0000000000000260].

24. Taeger D., Pesch B., Kendzia B., Behrens T., Jöckel K.H., Dahmann D. et al. Lung cancer among coal miners, ore miners and quarrymen: smoking-adjusted risk estimates from the synergy pooled analysis of case - control studies. Scand. J. Work Environ Health.2015; 41(5): 467-77. [DOI 10.5271/sjweh. 3513].

25. Collarile P., Bidoli E., Barbone F., Zanier L., Del Zotto S., Fuser S. et al. Residence in Proximity of a Coal-Oil-Fired Thermal Power Plant and Risk of Lung and Bladder Cancer in NorthEastern Italy. A Population-Based Study: 1995-2009. Int. J. Environ Res. Public Health.2017; 14(8). pii: E860. [DOI 10.3390/ijerph14080860].