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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zurniimtpe</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицина труда и промышленная экология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1026-9428</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-8945</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBSI “Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31089/1026-9428-2026-66-8-549-554</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">wvydza</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zurniimtpe-4273</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КРАТКИЕ СООБЩЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>BRIEF REPORTS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка рабочей позы методом RULA: методические основы и апробация у врачей хирургического профиля</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Working posture assessment using the RULA: methodological framework and pilot application among surgeons</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0080-6986</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Будаев</surname><given-names>Анатолий Эдуардович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Budaev</surname><given-names>Anatolii E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аспирант</p><p>e-mail: tolxxx1989@gmail.com</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate Student</p><p>e-mail: tolxxx1989@gmail.com</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tolxxx1989@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0013-8013</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лахман</surname><given-names>Олег Леонидович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lakhman</surname><given-names>Oleg L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Директор, д-р мед. наук, проф. РАН, проф.</p><p>e-mail: LAKHMAN_O_L@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Director, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Prof. of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prof.</p><p>e-mail: LAKHMAN_O_L@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">LAKHMAN_O_L@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Восточно-Сибирский институт медико-экологических исследований»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>66</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>549</fpage><lpage>554</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Будаев А.Э., Лахман О.Л., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Будаев А.Э., Лахман О.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Budaev A.E., Lakhman O.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.journal-irioh.ru/jour/article/view/4273">https://www.journal-irioh.ru/jour/article/view/4273</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Оценка рабочей позы важна для гигиены и медицины труда, поскольку неблагоприятные положения сегментов тела формируют постуральную нагрузку, связанную с нарушениями опорно-двигательного аппарата. Метод RULA предусматривает последовательную оценку положения верхней конечности и кисти, шеи, туловища и нижних конечностей, мышечной работы и внешней нагрузки. Недостаточная представленность единообразного русскоязычного алгоритма ограничивает стандартизированное применение метода.</p><p>Цель исследования — представить методические основы оценки рабочей позы по методу RULA в русскоязычном формате и апробировать метод у врачей хирургического профиля.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Исследование включало методическое изложение алгоритма RULA с сохранением оригинальной структуры расчёта и апробацию при анализе 28 операций. Оценивали наиболее неблагоприятную рабочую позу основного этапа вмешательства. Операции группировали по вариантам организации хирургической работы: с микроскопом, лапароскопические, открытые и эндоваскулярные. Определяли итоговый балл RULA, баллы групп A и B, показатель ΔA–B. Использовали критерии Краскела–Уоллиса и Уилкоксона.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Во всех вариантах хирургической работы итоговый балл RULA достигал 7. При операциях с микроскопом, лапароскопических и открытых операциях значения группы А превышали значения группы B (p=0,031; p=0,031; p=0,002), что указывает на ведущий вклад положения верхней конечности и кисти. При эндоваскулярных операциях отмечена тенденция к преобладанию группы B, отражающая больший вклад положения шеи, туловища и нижних конечностей (p=0,063). Межгрупповые различия компонентного профиля были значимыми (p&lt;0,001).</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничения исследования</title><p>Ограничения исследования. Наблюдательный характер оценки, ограниченный объём выборки и неоднородность операций; полученные данные следует рассматривать как апробацию компонентного анализа RULA.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Русскоязычное изложение RULA может использоваться как стандартизированный инструмент эргономической оценки рабочей позы. Анализ соотношения групп A и B позволяет уточнить механизмы формирования неблагоприятной позы и обосновать адресные профилактические мероприятия.</p></sec><sec><title>Этика</title><p>Этика. Исследование одобрено локальным этическим комитетом ФГБНУ ВСИМЭИ (протокол № 3 от 24.03.2025 г.) и проведено согласно принципам Хельсинкской декларации Всемирной медицинской ассоциации (ред. 2013 г.). Все участники дали информированное добровольное согласие на участие в исследовании.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов:Будаев А.Э. — разработка концепции и дизайна, написание текста, редактирование;Лахман О.Л. — разработка концепции и дизайна, редактирование</p><p>Использование искусственного интеллекта. При подготовке рукописи использовалась программа ChatGPT, GPT‑5.5 Thinking (OpenAI), для редактирования текста, поиска дополнительных источников литературы, дата использования: 09.06.2026 г.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Работа выполнена в рамках средств, выделяемых для выполнения государственного задания ФГБНУ ВСИМЭИ.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.</p></sec><sec><title>Дата поступления</title><p>Дата поступления: 31.07.2026 / Дата принятия к печати: 31.08.2026 / Дата публикации: 11.09.2026</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Working posture assessment is important in occupational health and occupational medicine because unfavorable positions of body segments form postural load associated with musculoskeletal disorders. The RULA method provides sequential assessment of the upper limb and hand, neck, trunk, and lower limbs, as well as muscle work and external load. The lack of a unified Russian-language algorithm limits standardized use of the method.</p><p>The aim of the study is to present the methodological framework for working posture assessment using the RULA method in Russian and to pilot the method among surgeons.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The study included a methodological description of the RULA algorithm with preservation of the original calculation structure and pilot application in the analysis of 28 operations. The most unfavorable working posture during the main stage of the intervention was assessed. Operations were grouped by variants of surgical work organization: microscope-assisted, laparoscopic, open, and endovascular procedures. The final RULA score, group A and group B scores, and the ΔA — B index were determined. The Kruskal–Wallis and Wilcoxon tests were used.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In all variants of surgical work, the final RULA score reached 7. In microscope-assisted, laparoscopic, and open operations, group A scores exceeded group B scores (p=0,031; p=0,031; p=0,002), indicating the leading contribution of upper limb and hand position. In endovascular operations, a tendency toward predominance of group B was observed, reflecting a greater contribution of neck, trunk, and lower limb position (p=0,063). Intergroup differences in the component profile were significant (p&lt;0,001).</p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. The study was observational, included a limited number of observations, and involved heterogeneous operations within the groups.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The Russian-language presentation of RULA can be used as a standardized tool for ergonomic assessment of working posture. Analysis of the balance between groups A and B makes it possible to clarify the mechanisms of unfavorable posture formation and substantiate targeted preventive measures.</p></sec><sec><title>Ethics</title><p>Ethics. The study was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research (Protocol No. 3 dated March 24, 2025) and was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki of the World Medical Association, as revised in 2013. All participants provided voluntary informed consent.</p></sec><sec><title>Contributions</title><p>Contributions:Budaev A.E. — study concept and design, manuscript drafting, editing;Lakhman O.L. — study concept and design, editing.</p></sec><sec><title>Use of AI</title><p>Use of AI. During manuscript preparation, ChatGPT, GPT-5.5 Thinking (OpenAI), was used for text editing and searching for additional literature sources; date of use: June 9, 2026.</p></sec><sec><title>Funding</title><p>Funding. The study was performed within the funds allocated for the state assignment of the East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: 31.07.2026 / Accepted: 31.08.2026 / Published: 11.09.2026</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>рабочая поза</kwd><kwd>метод RULA</kwd><kwd>медицина труда</kwd><kwd>врачи хирургического профиля</kwd><kwd>постуральная нагрузка</kwd><kwd>профилактика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>working posture</kwd><kwd>RULA method</kwd><kwd>occupational medicine</kwd><kwd>surgeons</kwd><kwd>postural load</kwd><kwd>prevention</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">David G.C. 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