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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zurniimtpe</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицина труда и промышленная экология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1026-9428</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-8945</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBSI “Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31089/1026-9428-2026-66-8-498-506</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">xmuyxp</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zurniimtpe-4267</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние промышленных мелкодисперсных аэрозолей на структуру профессиональной заболеваемости на примере литейного производства</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Influence of fine industrial aerosols on the structure of occupational morbidity in foundry production</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9506-563X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фатхутдинова</surname><given-names>Лилия Минвагизовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fatkhutdinova</surname><given-names>Liliya M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зав. каф. гигиены, медицины труда ФГБОУ ВО «Казанский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России, д-р мед. наук, проф.</p><p>e-mail: liliya.fatkhutdinova@kazangmu.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of the Department of Hygiene and Occupational Medicine, Kazan State Medical University, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor</p><p>e-mail: liliya.fatkhutdinova@kazangmu.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">liliya.fatkhutdinova@kazangmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5738-818X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волкова</surname><given-names>Мария Александровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Volkova</surname><given-names>Maria A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ст. преподаватель каф. гигиены, медицины труда ФГБОУ ВО «Казанский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</p><p>e-mail: maria.volkova@kazangmu.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Senior Lecturer, Department of Hygiene and Occupational Medicine, Kazan State Medical University</p><p>e-mail: maria.volkova@kazangmu.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">maria.volkova@kazangmu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3021-5945</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Прокофьева</surname><given-names>Марина Викторовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Prokofyeva</surname><given-names>Marina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зам. рук. Управления Роспотребнадзора по Республике Татарстан (Татарстан)</p><p>e-mail: rpn.rt@tatar.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Deputy Head of the Office of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing in the Republic of Tatarstan (Tatarstan)</p><p>e-mail: rpn.rt@tatar.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rpn.rt@tatar.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7393-0061</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гиниятова</surname><given-names>Алсу Мухамматовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Giniyatova</surname><given-names>Alsu M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Начальник отдела надзора по гигиене труда, радиационной гигиене и на транспорте Управления Роспотребнадзора по Республике Татарстан (Татарстан)</p><p>e-mail: rpn.trud@tatar.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of the Department for Supervision of Occupational Health, Radiation Hygiene, and Transport, Office of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing in the Republic of Tatarstan (Tatarstan)</p><p>e-mail: rpn.trud@tatar.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rpn.trud@tatar.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Казанский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Управление Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере защиты прав потребителей и благополучия человека по Республике Татарстан (Татарстан)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Directorate of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing in the Republic of Tatarstan</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>66</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>498</fpage><lpage>506</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Фатхутдинова Л.М., Волкова М.А., Прокофьева М.В., Гиниятова А.М., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Фатхутдинова Л.М., Волкова М.А., Прокофьева М.В., Гиниятова А.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Fatkhutdinova L.M., Volkova M.A., Prokofyeva M.V., Giniyatova A.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.journal-irioh.ru/jour/article/view/4267">https://www.journal-irioh.ru/jour/article/view/4267</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Профессиональные заболевания органов дыхания остаются ведущей патологией у работников литейных производств, однако данные о вкладе конкретных фракций аэрозоля в развитие отдельных нозологических форм ограничены.</p><p>Цель исследования — анализ количественных показателей, динамики и структуры первичной заболеваемости профессиональными болезнями органов дыхания у работников различных участков литейного завода за период 2021–2024 гг. с оценкой рисков, связанных с размерными фракциями аэрозоля.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Проведено ретроспективное когортное исследование 68 случаев впервые выявленных профессиональных заболеваний органов дыхания среди 1446 работников производств чугунного и цветного литья. Выполнены собственные измерения среднесменных концентраций и фракционного состава аэрозолей (торакальная, респирабельная, ультрадисперсная фракции) с помощью индивидуальных пробоотборников и каскадного импактора. Для оценки относительного риска развития профессиональных заболеваний использованы однофакторные пуассоновские регрессионные модели.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В структуре заболеваемости преобладали болезни верхних дыхательных путей (64,4 на 10 тыс.), хронический необструктивный бронхит (57,8) и ХОБЛ (39,1). Средний стаж работы до установления диагноза составил 15,67±0,5 лет. Наибольшие уровни заболеваемости зафиксированы в цехах тяжёлых металлов и формовочном цехе. Ультрадисперсная фракция (≤0,18 мкм) статистически значимо повышала риск бронхиальной астмы на 78% (ОР=1,78; 95% ДИ 1,48–2,14), пневмокониоза на 80% (ОР=1,80; 95% ДИ 1,50–2,12) и ХОБЛ на 18% (ОР=1,18; 95% ДИ 1,07–1,31). Респирабельная и торакальная фракции были в большей степени ассоциированы с ХОБЛ.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Полученные данные обосновывают необходимость дифференцированного подхода к гигиеническому нормированию и программам ранней диагностики с учётом фракционного состава пыли на конкретных рабочих местах.</p></sec><sec><title>Этика</title><p>Этика. Исследование одобрено Локальным этическим комитетом ФГБОУ ВО Казанский ГМУ, протокол № 6 от 20.06.2023</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов:Фатхутдинова Л.М. — концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор материала и обработка данных, написание текста;Волкова М.А. — сбор и обработка материала, статистическая обработка данных, написание текста, редактирование;Прокофьева М.В. — концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор и обработка материала;Гиниятова А.М. — концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор и обработка материала;Все соавторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.</p></sec><sec><title>Дата поступления</title><p>Дата поступления: 29.06.2026 / Дата принятия к печати: 05.08.2026 / Дата публикации: 11.09.2026</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Occupational respiratory diseases remain the leading pathology among workers in foundries, but data on the contribution of specific aerosol fractions to the development of individual nosological forms are limited.</p><p>The aim of the study to analyze quantitative indicators, dynamics, and the structure of primary incidence of occupational respiratory diseases among workers in various sections of a foundry plant for the period 2021–2024, with an assessment of the risks associated with the size fractions of aerosol.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Scientists conducted a retrospective cohort study of 68 cases of newly diagnosed occupational respiratory diseases among 1,446 workers in the iron and non ferrous casting industries. They carried out their own measurements of average daily concentrations and fractional composition of aerosols (chest, respirable, and ultrafine fractions) using individual samplers and a cascade impactor. To assess the relative risk of developing occupational diseases, the authors used single factor Poisson regression models.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In the morbidity structure, diseases of the upper respiratory tract predominated (64.4 per 10 thousand), followed by chronic non obstructive bronchitis (57.8) and COPD (39.1). The average length of service before diagnosis was 15.67±0.5 years. The highest morbidity levels were recorded in the heavy metals workshop and the molding workshop. The ultrafine fraction (≤0.18 μm) statistically significantly increased the risk of bronchial asthma by 78% (RR = 1.78; 95% CI 1.48–2.14), pneumoconiosis by 80% (RR = 1.80; 95% CI 1.50–2.12), and COPD by 18% (RR = 1.18; 95% CI 1.07–1.31). The respiratory and thoracic fractions were more strongly associated with COPD.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The data obtained substantiate the need for a differentiated approach to hygienic regulation and early diagnosis programs, taking into account the fractional composition of dust at specific workplaces.</p></sec><sec><title>Ethics</title><p>Ethics. The study was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the Kazan State Medical University, Protocol No. 6 dated June 20, 2023.</p></sec><sec><title>Contributions</title><p>Contributions:Volkova M.A. — data collection and processing, statistical data analysis, text writing, editing;Prokofieva M.V. — concept and design of research, collection and processing of material;Giniyatova A.M. — concept and design of research, collection and processing of material;Fatkhutdinova L.M. — research concept and design, material collection and data processing, text writing.All co-authors — approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: 29.06.2026 / Accepted: 05.08.2026 / Published: 11.09.2026</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>профессиональные заболевания органов дыхания</kwd><kwd>литейное производство</kwd><kwd>промышленные аэрозоли</kwd><kwd>ультрадисперсные частицы</kwd><kwd>пневмокониоз</kwd><kwd>хроническая обструктивная болезнь лёгких</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>occupational respiratory diseases</kwd><kwd>foundry production</kwd><kwd>industrial aerosols</kwd><kwd>ultrafine particles</kwd><kwd>pneumoconiosis</kwd><kwd>chronic obstructive pulmonary disease</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Горблянский Ю.Ю., Пиктушанская Т.Е., Панова М.А., Кулешова М.В., Бабанова Н.А. Бремя профессиональных заболеваний органов дыхания. 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