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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zurniimtpe</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицина труда и промышленная экология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1026-9428</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-8945</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBSI “Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31089/1026-9428-2026-66-6-414-422</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">pckriz</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zurniimtpe-4239</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРАКТИЧЕСКОМУ ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЮ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>FOR THE PRACTICAL MEDICINE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Профессиональное воздействие биоаэрозолей на работников агропромышленных предприятий и связанные с этим иммунологические изменения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Occupational exposure of bioaerosols to workers of agro-industrial enterprises and related immunological changes</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3713-9683</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иброхимов</surname><given-names>Камол Исроилович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ibrokhimov</surname><given-names>Kamol I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ассист. каф. гигиены, Бухарский государственный медицинский институт, канд. мед. наук</p><p>e-mail: ibrohimov.kamol@bsmi.uz</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Assistant of the Department of Hygiene, Bukhara State Medical Institute, Cand. of Sci. (Med.)</p><p>e-mail: ibrohimov.kamol@bsmi.uz</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ibrohimov.kamol@bsmi.uz</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0537-0818</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Искандарова</surname><given-names>Гульноза Тўлқиновна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Iskandarova</surname><given-names>Gulnoza T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зав. каф. эпидемиологии Центра повышения квалификации медицинских работников</p><p>e-mail: gulnozaiskandarova598@gmail.com</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of the Department of Epidemiology, Center for Advanced Training of Medical Workers</p><p>e-mail: gulnozaiskandarova598@gmail.com</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gulnozaiskandarova598@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9964-5962</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Эрматов</surname><given-names>Низом Жумақулович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ermatov</surname><given-names>Nizom J.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зав. каф. гигиены детей, подростков и питания, Ташкентский государственный медицинский университет, д-р мед. наук, проф.</p><p>e-mail: nizom.ermatov1970@gmail.com</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of Department of Hygiene of Children, Adolescents and Nutrition, Tashkent State Medical University, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor</p><p>e-mail: nizom.ermatov1970@gmail.com</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nizom.ermatov1970@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8889-879X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абдурахимов</surname><given-names>Бобиржон</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abdurakhimov</surname><given-names>Bobirjon</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доц. Школы общественного здравоохранения Ташкентского государственного медицинского университета, PhD</p><p>e-mail: bobirjonabdurahimov@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Associate Professor, School of Public Health, Tashkent State Medical University, PhD</p><p>e-mail: bobirjonabdurahimov@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bobirjonabdurahimov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5957-9861</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Насирдинов</surname><given-names>Мавлонжон</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nasirdinov</surname><given-names>Mavlonjon</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зав. каф. физиологии и фармакологии, Центральноазиатский медицинский университет, PhD</p><p>e-mail: profnasirdinov@gmail.com</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Central Asian Medical University, PhD</p><p>e-mail: profnasirdinov@gmail.com</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">profnasirdinov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Бухарский государственный медицинский институт</institution><country>Узбекистан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bukhara State Medical Institute</institution><country>Uzbekistan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ташкентский Центр повышения квалификации медицинских работников</institution><country>Узбекистан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tashkent Center for Continuing Professional Development of Medical Personnel</institution><country>Uzbekistan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Ташкентский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Узбекистан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tashkent State Medical University</institution><country>Uzbekistan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центральноазиатский медицинский университет</institution><country>Узбекистан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Central Asian Medical University</institution><country>Uzbekistan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>66</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>414</fpage><lpage>422</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Иброхимов К.И., Искандарова Г.Т., Эрматов Н.Ж., Абдурахимов Б., Насирдинов М., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Иброхимов К.И., Искандарова Г.Т., Эрматов Н.Ж., Абдурахимов Б., Насирдинов М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ibrokhimov K.I., Iskandarova G.T., Ermatov N.J., Abdurakhimov B., Nasirdinov M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.journal-irioh.ru/jour/article/view/4239">https://www.journal-irioh.ru/jour/article/view/4239</self-uri><abstract><p>Работники агропромышленных предприятий в процессе производственной деятельности подвергаются воздействию факторов производственной среды: биоаэрозолей, органической пыли, химических веществ, неблагоприятного микроклимата, шума и факторов трудового процесса.</p><p>Наиболее неблагоприятные условия труда наблюдаются в животноводстве и птицеводстве, где формируется высокая микробиологическая контаминация воздуха рабочей зоны.</p><p>Длительное воздействие указанных факторов может приводить к развитию иммунологических изменений и повышению профессиональных рисков для здоровья.</p><p>В связи с этим проведение комплексной гигиенической оценки условий труда работников агропромышленных предприятий и определение их иммунологического статуса являются одной из актуальных научно-практических задач профилактической медицины.</p><p>Цель исследования — комплексная гигиеническая оценка условий труда работников агропромышленных предприятий, определение уровня микробиологической контаминации воздуха рабочей зоны и изучение изменений иммунологического статуса при воздействии высоких микробиологических факторов риска.</p><p>Проведено исследование с участием 430 работников, занятых в животноводстве (n=120), птицеводстве (n=110), коневодстве (n=90) и на предприятиях по переработке мясной продукции (n=110). Воздух рабочей зоны оценивали по показателям микробиологической контаминации (КОЕ/м³), концентрации пыли и химических веществ. Параметры микроклимата, уровни шума и освещённости оценивали в соответствии с действующими гигиеническими нормативами, показатели трудового процесса — в соответствии с гигиеническими критериями с последующим определением класса условий труда. Гуморальное звено иммунитета оценивали по концентрациям IgA, IgM, IgG и IgE в сыворотке крови с последующим сравнительным анализом между производственными секторами.</p><p>На птицеводческих предприятиях выявлена наибольшая микробиологическая нагрузка: общее микробное число достигало 4533,99 КОЕ/м³, что обусловлено повышенными концентрациями представителей рода Staphylococcus (включая S. epidermidis, S. saprophyticus, S. aureus, S. hyicus), а также Enterobacteriaceae и грибов. В животноводческих и коневодческих хозяйствах уровень микробного загрязнения превышал санитарные нормативы в 1,2–1,8 раза, тогда как на предприятиях по производству колбасных изделий был ниже нормативных значений в 1,3–1,5 раза.</p><p>Отмечено превышение относительной влажности воздуха (в 1,09–1,27 раза) и концентрации пыли (в 1,18–1,32 раза), что усиливает неблагоприятное воздействие производственных факторов.</p><p>В тёплый и холодный периоды года температура воздуха не соответствовала гигиеническим нормативам. Уровень шума в отдельных производственных зонах животноводства превышал нормативные значения до 1,1 раза.</p><p>Иммунологический анализ выявил сектор-специфические изменения: у работников птицеводства отмечалось повышение IgM и IgE, что свидетельствует об активной антигенной и аллергической стимуляции, тогда как у работников колбасного производства — повышение IgA и IgG, отражающее длительную активацию гуморального и слизистого иммунитета.</p><p>Исследование показало, что условия труда на предприятиях агропромышленного комплекса характеризуются высокой микробиологической нагрузкой и неблагоприятным воздействием вредных производственных факторов. Наиболее выраженные изменения иммунологических показателей выявлены у работников птицеводства и животноводства, где зафиксированы высокие уровни микробной контаминации воздуха. Повышение уровней IgA, IgM, IgG и IgE свидетельствует о хронической антигенной стимуляции. Комплексный гигиенический и иммунологический мониторинг имеет важное значение для раннего выявления профессиональных рисков и разработке профилактических мер.</p><sec><title>Ограничения исследования</title><p>Ограничения исследования. Исследование ограничено географическим охватом обследованных агропромышленных предприятий, численностью включённых работников и отсутствием динамического наблюдения за иммунологическими показателями в разные периоды профессионального стажа. Кроме того, оценка проводилась преимущественно по гуморальным маркерам иммунитета без углублённого анализа клеточного звена иммунной системы.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов:</p></sec><sec><title>Иброхимов К</title><p>Иброхимов К.И. — разработка концепции и дизайна исследования, формирование методологии, проведение гигиенических и микробиологических исследований, сбор и анализ данных, написание рукописи;Искандарова Г.Т. — разработка эпидемиологического дизайна исследования, статистический анализ, систематизация данных, валидация, научное руководство;Эрматов Н.Ж. — научное консультирование, совершенствование методологического подхода, интерпретация результатов исследования;Абдурахимов Б. — участие в анализе данных, научная интерпретация полученных результатов;Насирдинов М. — обработка данных, анализ научной литературы, проведение сравнительного анализа, окончательная подготовка рукописи.</p></sec><sec><title>Благодарности</title><p>Благодарности. Автор выражает искреннюю благодарность работникам агропромышленных предприятий, принявшим участие в исследовании, за оказанную помощь и сотрудничество. Также автор выражает особую признательность коллегам, оказавшим научную и организационную поддержку в процессе проведения исследования.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.</p></sec><sec><title>Дата поступления</title><p>Дата поступления: 09.04.2026 / Дата принятия к печати: 13.04.2026 / Дата публикации: 27.07.2026</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Employees of agro-industrial enterprises in the course of their production activities are exposed to environmental factors: bioaerosols, organic dust, chemicals, unfavorable microclimate, noise and labor process factors.</p><p>There are the most unfavorable working conditions in animal husbandry and poultry farming, where high microbiological air pollution of the working area is formed. Prolonged exposure to these factors can lead to the development of immunological changes and increased occupational health risks.</p><p>In this regard, conducting a comprehensive hygienic assessment of the working conditions of employees of agro-industrial enterprises and determining their immunological status is one of the urgent scientific and practical tasks of preventive medicine.</p><p>The study aims to conduct a comprehensive hygienic assessment of the working conditions of employees of agro-industrial enterprises, determine the level of microbiological air pollution in the work area and study changes in the immunological status under the influence of high microbiological risk factors.</p><p>The study included 430 workers employed in livestock farming (n=120), poultry farming (n=110), horse breeding (n=90), and meat-processing enterprises (n=110). Workplace air was assessed for microbiological contamination (CFU/m³), dust concentration, and selected chemical substances. The specialists have measured the parameters of the microclimate, noise and light levels in accordance with current hygiene standards. The humoral immune response was assessed by determining serum concentrations of IgA, IgM, IgG, and IgE, followed by comparative analysis between manufacturing sectors.</p><p>The highest microbiological load was identified in poultry enterprises: the total microbial count reached 4533.99 CFU/m³ and was accompanied by elevated concentrations of Staphylococcus spp., members of the Enterobacteriaceae family, and fungi. Livestock and horse-breeding enterprises demonstrated moderate contamination levels, whereas meat-processing plants showed comparatively lower levels. In livestock and horse breeding farms, the level of microbial contamination exceeded sanitary standards by 1.2–1.8 times, while in sausage production enterprises it was 1.3–1.5 times lower than standard values. There was an excess of relative humidity (1.09–1.27 times) and dust concentration (1.18–1.32 times), which increases the adverse effects of production factors. During the warm and cold periods of the year, the air temperature did not meet hygienic standards. The noise level in individual livestock production areas exceeded the standard values by up to 1.1 times.</p><p>Immunological analysis revealed sector-specific changes: poultry workers showed increased IgM and IgE, indicating active antigenic and allergic stimulation, while sausage workers showed increased IgA and IgG, reflecting prolonged activation of humoral and mucosal immunity.</p><p>The study showed that the working conditions at the enterprises of the agro-industrial complex are characterized by a high microbiological load and the adverse effects of harmful production factors. The most pronounced changes in immunological parameters were detected in poultry and livestock workers, where high levels of microbial contamination of the air were recorded. Increased levels of IgA, IgM, IgG, and IgE indicate chronic antigenic stimulation. Comprehensive hygienic and immunological monitoring is essential for the early detection of occupational risks and the development of preventive measures.</p><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. The study is limited by the geographical coverage of the surveyed agro-industrial enterprises, the number of employees included, and the lack of dynamic monitoring of immunological parameters in different periods of professional experience. In addition, the assessment was carried out mainly on humoral markers of immunity without in-depth analysis of the cellular component of the immune system.</p></sec><sec><title>Contributions</title><p>Contributions:Ibrokhimov K.I. — development of the research concept and design, formation of methodology, conducting hygienic and microbiological research, data collection and analysis, writing a manuscript;Iskandarova G.T. — development of epidemiological research design, statistical analysis, data systematization, validation, scientific guidance;Ermatov N.J. — scientific consulting; improvement of methodological approach, interpretation of research results;Abdurakhimov B. — participation in data analysis; scientific interpretation of the obtained results;Nasirdinov M. — data processing, analysis of scientific literature, comparative analysis, final preparation of the manuscript.</p></sec><sec><title>Gratitude</title><p>Gratitude. The author expresses his sincere gratitude to the employees of agro-industrial enterprises who participated in the study for their assistance and cooperation. The author also expresses special gratitude to his colleagues who provided scientific and organizational support during the research process.</p></sec><sec><title>Funding</title><p>Funding. The study had no funding.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: 09.04.2026 / Accepted: 13.04.2026 / Published: 27.07.2026</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>биоаэрозоли</kwd><kwd>охрана труда</kwd><kwd>сельскохозяйственные работники</kwd><kwd>иммунологические маркеры</kwd><kwd>профилактическая медицина</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bioaerosols</kwd><kwd>occupational safety</kwd><kwd>agricultural workers</kwd><kwd>immunological markers</kwd><kwd>preventive medicine</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tabibi R., Tarahomi S., Ebrahimi S.M., Valipour A., Ghorbani-Kalkhajeh S., Tajzadeh S., Panahi D., Soltani S., Dzhsupov K.O., Sokooti M. Basic occupational health services for agricultural workers in the south of Iran. 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