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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zurniimtpe</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицина труда и промышленная экология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1026-9428</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-8945</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBSI “Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31089/1026-9428-2026-66-6-384-391</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">obxxhe</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zurniimtpe-4235</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Экспериментальная оценка цито- и пульмонотоксичности наночастиц оксида свинца при хроническом ингаляционном поступлении</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Experimental assessment of cyto- and pulmonary toxicity of lead oxide nanoparticles after chronic inhalation exposure</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1743-7642</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сутункова</surname><given-names>Марина Петровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sutunkova</surname><given-names>Marina P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Директор ФБУН ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора; доц., зав. каф. гигиены и медицины труда ФГБОУ ВО УГМУ Минздрава России, д-р мед. наук</p><p>e-mail: marinasutunkova@yandex.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Director, Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers; Head of the Department of Occupational Hygiene and Medicine, Ural State Medical University, Dr. of Sci. (Med.)</p><p>e-mail: sutunkova@ymrc.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">marinasutunkova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4694-0175</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Батенева</surname><given-names>Влада Андреевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bateneva</surname><given-names>Vlada A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мл. науч. сотр. отдела токсикологии и биопрофилактики ФБУН ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора</p><p>e-mail: bateneva@ymrc.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher, Department of Toxicology and Bioprophylaxis, Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers</p><p>e-mail: bateneva@ymrc.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bateneva@ymrc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0097-7845</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Минигалиева</surname><given-names>Ильзира Амировна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Minigalieva</surname><given-names>Ilzira A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зав. отделом токсикологии и биопрофилактики, ФБУН ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора; гл. науч. сот. лаб. стохастического транспорта наночастиц в живом организме ФГАОУ ВО «УрФУ имени первого Президента России Б.Н. Ельцина», д-р биол. наук</p><p>e-mail: ilzira-minigalieva@yandex.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of the Department of Toxicology and Bioprophylaxis, Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers; Chief Researcher, Laboratory of Stochastic Transport of Nanoparticles in Living Systems, Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin, Dr. of Sci. (Biol.)</p><p>e-mail: ilzira-minigalieva@yandex.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ilzira-minigalieva@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1106-4301</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петрунина</surname><given-names>Екатерина Михайловна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrunina</surname><given-names>Ekaterina M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мл. науч. сотр. отдела токсикологии и биопрофилактики ФБУН ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора</p><p>e-mail: ekaterina_b89@list.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher, Department of Toxicology and Bioprophylaxis, Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers</p><p>e-mail: ekaterina_b89@list.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ekaterina_b89@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8794-7288</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кикоть</surname><given-names>Анна Михайловна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kikot</surname><given-names>Anna M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Науч. сотр. отдела молекулярной биологии и электронной микроскопии ФБУН ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора</p><p>e-mail: kikotam@ymrc.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Research Associate of the Department of Molecular Biology and Electron Microscopy, Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers</p><p>e-mail: kikotam@ymrc.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kikotam@ymrc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4109-9268</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Берёза</surname><given-names>Иван Андреевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bereza</surname><given-names>Ivan A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Науч. сотр. отдела молекулярной биологии и электронной микроскопии ФБУН ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора</p><p>e-mail: berezaia@ymrc.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Research Associate of the Department of Molecular Biology and Electron Microscopy, Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers</p><p>e-mail: berezaia@ymrc.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">berezaia@ymrc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7029-3406</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шаихова</surname><given-names>Дарья Рамильевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shaikhova</surname><given-names>Daria R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Науч. сотр. отдела молекулярной биологии и электронной микроскопии ФБУН ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора</p><p>e-mail: darya.boo@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Research Associate of the Department of Molecular Biology and Electron Microscopy, Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers</p><p>e-mail: darya.boo@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">darya.boo@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8846-8016</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Штин</surname><given-names>Татьяна Николаевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shtin</surname><given-names>Tatyana N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат химических наук, зав. отделом физико-химических методов исследования ФБУН ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора</p><p>e-mail: shtintn@ymrc.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of the Department of Physicochemical Methods of Testing, Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers, Cand. of Sci. (Chem.)</p><p>e-mail: shtintn@ymrc.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shtintn@ymrc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9384-8550</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тажигулова</surname><given-names>Анастасия Валерьевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tazhigulova</surname><given-names>Anastasia V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Младший научный сотрудник отдела токсикологии и биопрофилактики ФБУН ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора</p><p>e-mail: tazhigulovaav@ymrc.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Researcher, Department of Toxicology and Bioprophylaxis, Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers</p><p>e-mail: tazhigulovaav@ymrc.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tazhigulovaav@ymrc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8517-2607</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лабзова</surname><given-names>Алла Константиновна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Labzova</surname><given-names>Alla K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Науч. сотр. научно-производственного отдела «Лабораторно-диагностических технологий» ФБУН ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора</p><p>e-mail: labzovaak@ymrc.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Research Associate, Research and Production Department of Laboratory Diagnostic Technologies, Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers</p><p>e-mail: labzovaak@ymrc.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">labzovaak@ymrc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1253-3202</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иващенко</surname><given-names>Максим Андреевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivashchenko</surname><given-names>Maksim A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зав. информационно-аналитическим отделом ФБУН ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора</p><p>e-mail: ivachenko@ymrc.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of the Department of Information Analysis, Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers</p><p>e-mail: ivachenko@ymrc.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ivachenko@ymrc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8795-8777</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шеломенцев</surname><given-names>Иван Глебович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shelomentsev</surname><given-names>Ivan G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Научный сотрудник отдела молекулярной биологии и электронной микроскопии ФБУН ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора</p><p>e-mail: shelomencev@ymrc.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Research Associate, Department of Molecular Biology and Electron Microscopy, Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers</p><p>e-mail: shelomencev@ymrc.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shelomencev@ymrc.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Екатеринбургский медицинский научный центр профилактики и охраны здоровья рабочих промпредприятий» Роспотребнадзора; ФГБОУ ВО «Уральский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers; Ural State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Екатеринбургский медицинский научный центр профилактики и охраны здоровья рабочих промпредприятий» Роспотребнадзора</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФБУН «Екатеринбургский медицинский научный центр профилактики и охраны здоровья рабочих промпредприятий» Роспотребнадзора; ФГАОУ ВО «Уральский федеральный университет имени первого Президента России Б.Н. Ельцина»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers; Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>66</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>384</fpage><lpage>391</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сутункова М.П., Батенева В.А., Минигалиева И.А., Петрунина Е.М., Кикоть А.М., Берёза И.А., Шаихова Д.Р., Штин Т.Н., Тажигулова А.В., Лабзова А.К., Иващенко М.А., Шеломенцев И.Г., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сутункова М.П., Батенева В.А., Минигалиева И.А., Петрунина Е.М., Кикоть А.М., Берёза И.А., Шаихова Д.Р., Штин Т.Н., Тажигулова А.В., Лабзова А.К., Иващенко М.А., Шеломенцев И.Г.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sutunkova M.P., Bateneva V.A., Minigalieva I.A., Petrunina E.M., Kikot A.M., Bereza I.A., Shaikhova D.R., Shtin T.N., Tazhigulova A.V., Labzova A.K., Ivashchenko M.A., Shelomentsev I.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.journal-irioh.ru/jour/article/view/4235">https://www.journal-irioh.ru/jour/article/view/4235</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Заболевания органов дыхания, обусловленные воздействием производственных факторов, составляют значительную долю в структуре профессиональной заболеваемости у работников ряда промышленных профессий. Изучение воздействия наночастиц оксида свинца на дыхательную систему крыс в хроническом ингаляционном эксперименте является важной ступенью в установлении механизмов их цито- и пульмонотоксического действия.</p><p>Цель исследования — экспериментальная оценка цито- и пульмонотоксического действия наночастиц оксида свинца при хронической (8 месяцев) ингаляционной экспозиции на модели in vivo.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Исследование выполнено на самках крыс Wistar. Опытная группа в течение 8 месяцев ингаляционно (установка типа «только нос») получала наночастицы PbO (18,2±4,2 нм, 0,215 мг/м³). Оценка токсичности включала функцию внешнего дыхания, цитологию и иммунологию бронхоальвеолярного лаважа, гистологию лёгких, а также экспрессию генов GSTM1, GSTP1 и SOD2 в лёгочной ткани. Статистическая обработка данных проводилась с использованием t-критерия Стьюдента с поправкой Бонферрони и критерия Манна–Уитни; различия считали достоверными при p&lt;0,05.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Хроническое ингаляционное воздействие наночастиц оксида свинца вызвало у животных комплексное поражение дыхательной системы. Были зафиксированы цитотоксические эффекты, включая выраженное воспаление (нейтрофилёз, рост соотношения НЛ/АМ), угнетение фагоцитарной активности и подавление экспрессии генов антиоксидантной защиты (GSTM1, GSTP1, SOD2). Гистологические изменения лёгочной ткани свидетельствуют о нарушении структурной организации дыхательной системы.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничение исследования</title><p>Ограничение исследования. Хроническая ингаляционная экспозиция наночастиц оксида свинца проводилась с использованием только одной концентрации вещества. Также ограничением стало то, что моделью для исследования выступили крысы одного вида и пола. Для оценки дозозависимых эффектов и половой чувствительности необходимы дополнительные исследования. Кроме того, функция внешнего дыхания оценивалась методом непрямой плетизмографии с использованием интегрального показателя Penh, поэтому данные предварительны и не являются окончательным доказательством функциональных нарушений.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Хроническая ингаляционная экспозиция наночастицами оксида свинца вызвала комплексные негативные изменения в дыхательной системе животных на молекулярном, клеточном и органном уровнях.</p></sec><sec><title>Этика</title><p>Этика. Исследование поводилось согласно требованиям Европейской конвенции о защите позвоночных животных, используемых для экспериментов или в иных научных целях (ETS N 123), директивы Европейского парламента и Совета Европейского Союза 2010/63/EC от 22.09.2010 г. о защите животных, использующихся для научных целей, и было одобрено Этическим комитетом ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора, протокол № 4 от 12.07.2022 г.</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов:Сутункова М.П. — концепция и дизайн исследования, написание текста;Батенева В.А. — сбор и обработка материала, статистическая обработка данных, написание текста;Минигалиева И.А. — концепция и дизайн исследования, написание текста;Петрунина Е.М. — сбор и обработка материала;Кикоть А.М. — сбор и обработка материала;Береза И.А. — сбор и обработка материала;Шаихова Д.Р. — сбор и обработка материала;Штин Т.Н. — сбор и обработка материала;Тажигулова А.В. — сбор и обработка материала, статистическая обработка данных, написание текста;Лабзова А.К. — сбор и обработка материала;Иващенко М.А. — сбор и обработка материала;Шеломенцев И.Г. — сбор и обработка материала.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.</p></sec><sec><title>Дата поступления</title><p>Дата поступления: 08.06.2026 / Дата принятия к печати: 18.06.2026 / Дата публикации: 27.07.2026</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Respiratory diseases caused by the effects of industrial factors account for a significant proportion of the occupational morbidity among workers in a number of industrial professions. Studying the effects of lead oxide nanoparticles on the respiratory system of rats in a chronic inhalation experiment is an important step in elucidating mechanisms of their cyto- and pulmonary toxicity.</p><p>The study aims to evaluate pulmonary and cytotoxic effects of lead oxide nanoparticles following an 8-month chronic inhalation exposure in an in vivo model.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The authors performed the study on female Wistar rats. The experimental group received PbO nanoparticles (18.2±4.2 nm, 0.215 mg/m³) by inhalation (nose only) for 8 months. The toxicity assessment included respiratory function, cytology and immunology of bronchoalveolar lavage, lung histology, and expression of GSTM1, GSTP1, and SOD2 genes in lung tissue. The researchers conducted statistical data processing using the Student's t-test with the Bonferroni correction and the Mann–Whitney test; the differences were considered significant at p&lt;0.05.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Chronic inhalation exposure to lead oxide nanoparticles caused complex respiratory damage in the animals. We observed cytotoxic effects including pronounced inflammation (neutrophilia, increased N/AM ratio), suppression of phagocytic activity, and downregulation of antioxidant defense genes (GSTM1, GSTP1, SOD2). Histological changes in lung tissue indicate a disruption in the structural organization of the respiratory system.</p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. Chronic inhalation exposure of lead oxide nanoparticles was performed using only one concentration of the substance. Another limitation was that the model for the study was rats of the same species and sex. Additional studies are needed to evaluate dose-dependent effects and sexual sensitivity. In addition, the authors assessed the function of external respiration using indirect plethysmography using the integral Penh index, therefore, the data are preliminary and are not definitive evidence of functional disorders.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Chronic inhalation exposure to lead oxide nanoparticles caused multiple adverse changes in the respiratory system of animals at the molecular, cellular, and organ levels.</p></sec><sec><title>Ethics</title><p>Ethics. The study was conducted in accordance with the requirements of the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals used for Experimental and other Scientific Purposes (ETS No. 123) and Directive 2010/63/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of September 22, 2010, on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes. Study approval was provided by the Ethics Committee of the Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers (Protocol No. 4 of July 12, 2022).</p></sec><sec><title>Contributions</title><p>Contributions:Sutunkova M.P. — the concept and design of research, writing the text;Bateneva V.A. — collection and processing of material, statistical data processing, writing text;Minigalieva I.A. — concept and design of the study, writing the text;Petrunina E.M. — collection and processing of material;Kikot A.M. — collection and processing of material;Bereza I.A. — collection and processing of material;Shaikhova D.R. — collection and processing of material;Shtin T.N. — collection and processing of material;Tazhigulova A.V. — collection and processing of material, statistical data processing, writing text;Labzova A.K. — collection and processing of material;Ivashchenko M.A. — collection and processing of material;Shelomentsev I.G. — collection and processing of the material.</p></sec><sec><title>Funding</title><p>Funding. The study had no funding.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: 08.06.2026 / Accepted: 18.06.2026 / Published: 27.07.2026</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>наночастицы оксида свинца</kwd><kwd>пульмонотоксичность</kwd><kwd>цитотоксичность</kwd><kwd>дыхательная система</kwd><kwd>ингаляционная экспозиция</kwd><kwd>8 месяцев</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>lead oxide nanoparticles</kwd><kwd>pulmonary toxicity</kwd><kwd>cytotoxicity</kwd><kwd>respiratory system</kwd><kwd>inhalation exposure</kwd><kwd>8 months</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шеломенцев И.Г., Гомзикова Е.А. Перспективы анализа наночастиц в составе аэрозоля методом электронной микроскопии. 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