<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zurniimtpe</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицина труда и промышленная экология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1026-9428</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-8945</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBSI “Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31089/1026-9428-2026-66-4-272-281</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">zkqkxl</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zurniimtpe-4173</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LITERATURE REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Применение биомониторинга человека для оценки производственного воздействия лекарственных препаратов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The use of human biomonitoring to assess the industrial impact of medicines</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9279-1377</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лалыменко</surname><given-names>Ольга Сергеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lalymenko</surname><given-names>Olga S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вед. специалист, Институт синтетической биологии и генной инженерии, канд. мед. наук</p><p>e-mail: olalymenko@cspfmba.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Leading Specialist, Institute of Synthetic Biology and Genetic Engineering, Cand. of Sci. (Med.)</p><p>e-mail: olalymenko@cspfmba.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olalymenko@cspfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4068-2870</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корсун</surname><given-names>Лилия Владимировна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korsun</surname><given-names>Lilia V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Начальник отдела, Институт синтетической биологии и генной инженерии, канд. биол. наук</p><p>e-mail: korsunlilia27@gmail.com</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of Department, Institute of Synthetic Biology and Genetic Engineering, Cand. of Sci. (Biol.)</p><p>e-mail: korsunlilia27@gmail.com</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">korsunlilia27@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Центр стратегического планирования и управления медико-биологическими рисками здоровью» ФМБА России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>66</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>272</fpage><lpage>281</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лалыменко О.С., Корсун Л.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лалыменко О.С., Корсун Л.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lalymenko O.S., Korsun L.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.journal-irioh.ru/jour/article/view/4173">https://www.journal-irioh.ru/jour/article/view/4173</self-uri><abstract><p>В работе представлены данные об использовании методологии биомониторинга человека для оценки воздействия лекарственных средств на организм работников фармацевтической отрасли и здравоохранения в различных странах.</p><p>Проведён поиск и анализ релевантной научной литературы в наукометрических базах данных Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, РИНЦ, Cyberleninka, нормативных документов в справочной правовой системе «КонсультантПлюс», зарубежных реестрах соответствующих ведомств. Представлены данные о загрязнении поверхностей производственных цехов, аптечных помещений, палат, манипуляционных, фармацевтических изоляторов, блоков компаундирования в учреждениях здравоохранения противоопухолевыми препаратами: циклофосфамидом, ифосфамидом, мегестролом, бикамитацидом, капецитабином, этопосидом в концентрациях, превышающих ПДК. В ряде исследований показано загрязнение антибиотиками пиперациллином, амоксициллином, меропенемом, бензилпенициллином, ванкомицином поверхностей и атмосферного воздуха в процедурных кабинетах, и палатах различных отделений.</p><p>В ходе анализа литературы установлено, что при проведении биомониторинговых исследований у медицинских работников онкологических стационаров в моче обнаруживали циклофосфамид на уровне 0,05–0,99 мкг/л, ифосфамид в концентрации 0,10–0,44 мкг/л, метотрексат 0,10–3,17 мкг/л, 5-фторурацил 1,0–24,5 мкг/л. При качественном анализе плазмы крови у медперсонала в более чем в 30% проб идентифицировали различные противоопухолевые средства на уровне 0,1–1 нг/мл; в том числе платиносодержащие (иринотекан) в диапазоне 92 пг/мл – 266 пг/мл и платину в волосах на уровне 3,24 (2,35–4,74)×10−³ нг. В ряде исследований показаны результаты количественного определения наркотических и ненаркотических анальгетиков в биосредах у работников фармацевтических предприятий.</p><p>Представленные данные свидетельствует об актуальности внедрения биологического контроля производственной среды с установлением биомаркеров экспозиции приоритетных лекарственных средств с токсическими свойствами. На данном этапе внедрения биомониторинга человека в России имеются ограничения, связанные с несовершенством и неполнотой нормативно-правовой базы, а также отсутствием системных подходов в выборе биологических субстратов, аналитических методов определения лекарственных средств в биосредах у работающих, в связи с чем сопоставление результатов исследований затруднено.</p><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов:Лалыменко О.С. — концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор, обработка, анализ материала, написание текста рукописи;Корсун Л.В. — редактирование текста, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.</p></sec><sec><title>Дата поступления</title><p>Дата поступления: 23.03.2025 / Дата принятия к печати: 31.03.2026 / Дата публикации: 02.06.2026</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper presents data on the use of human biomonitoring methodology to assess the effects of medicines on the body of pharmaceutical and healthcare workers in various countries. The authors have conducted a search and analysis of relevant scientific literature in the scientometric databases Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, RSCI, Cyberleninka, regulatory documents in the ConsultantPlus legal reference system and foreign registers of relevant departments.</p><p>Data are presented on the contamination of surfaces in production workshops, pharmacy premises, wards, procedure rooms, pharmaceutical isolators, and compounding units in healthcare facilities with antitumor drugs: cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, megestrol, bicamitacide, capecitabine, and etoposide in concentrations exceeding the maximum permissible concentration (MPC). Several studies demonstrated contamination with antibiotics such as piperacillin, amoxicillin, meropenem, benzylpenicillin, and vancomycin on surfaces and in the ambient air of procedure rooms and wards in various departments.</p><p>An analysis of the literature revealed that when conducting biomonitoring studies in medical workers of cancer hospitals, cyclophosphamide was detected in urine at the level of 0.05–0.99 mcg/l, ifosfamide at a concentration of 0.10–0.44 mcg/l, methotrexate 0.10–3.17 mcg/l, 5-fluorouracil 1.0–24.5 mcg/l. Qualitative analysis of blood plasma from medical personnel in more than 30% of samples identified various antitumor agents at the level of 0.1–1 ng/ml, including platinum‒containing (irinotecan) in the range of 92 pg/ml – 266 pg/ml and platinum in hair at the level of 3.24 (2.35–4.74)×10–³ ng. A number of studies have shown the results of quantitative determination of narcotic and non-narcotic analgesics in the biological environment of pharmaceutical workers.</p><p>The presented data indicates the relevance of the introduction of biological control of the production environment with the establishment of biomarkers of exposure to priority drugs with toxic properties.</p><p>At this stage of the introduction of human biomonitoring in Russia, there are limitations associated with the imperfection and incompleteness of the regulatory framework, as well as the lack of systematic approaches in the selection of biological substrates, analytical methods for the determination of drugs in the biological environment of workers, and therefore the comparison of research results is difficult.</p><sec><title>Contributions</title><p>Contributions:Lalymenko O.S. — research concept and design, collection, processing, analysis of material, writing of the manuscript text;Korsun L.V. — text editing, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article.</p></sec><sec><title>Funding</title><p>Funding. The study had no funding.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: 23.03.2026 / Accepted: 31.03.2026 / Published: 02.06.2026</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>биомониторинг человека</kwd><kwd>биомаркеры экспозиции и эффекта</kwd><kwd>предельно допустимая концентрация</kwd><kwd>лекарственные препараты</kwd><kwd>профессиональный риск</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>human biomonitoring</kwd><kwd>biomarkers of exposure and effect</kwd><kwd>maximum permissible concentration</kwd><kwd>medicines</kwd><kwd>occupational risk</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Савилов Е.Д, Анганова Е.В., Ильина С.В., Степаненко Л.А. Техногенное загрязнение окружающей среды и здоровье населения: анализ ситуации и прогноз. Гигиена и санитария. 2016; 95(6): 507–512. https://elibrary.ru/whpwfn</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Savilov E.D., Anganova E.V., Ilina S.V.,Stepanenko L.A. Technogenic environmental pollution and the public health: analysis and prognosis. Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian Journal. 2016; 95(6): 507–12. https://elibrary.ru/whpwfn (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hanqing Xu, Yang Jia, Zhendong Sun, Jiahui su, Qian S. Liu, Qunfang Zhou, et al. Environmental pollution, a hidden culprit for health issues. Eco-Environment &amp; Health. 2022; 1(1): 31–45 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eehl.2022.04.003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hanqing Xu, Yang Jia, Zhendong Sun, Jiahui su, Qian S. Liu, Qunfang Zhou, et al. Environmental pollution, a hidden culprit for health issues. Eco-Environment &amp; Health. 2022; 1(1): 31–45 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eehl.2022.04.003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ring C.L., Jon A Arnot, Bennett D.H., Peter P. Egeghy, Fantke P., Lei Huang. Consensus Modeling of Median Chemical Intake for the U.S. Population Based on Predictions of Exposure Pathways. Environ Sci Technol. 2018; 53(2): 719–32. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b04056</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ring C.L., Jon A Arnot, Bennett D.H., Peter P. Egeghy, Fantke P., Lei Huang. Consensus Modeling of Median Chemical Intake for the U.S. Population Based on Predictions of Exposure Pathways. Environ Sci Technol. 2018; 53(2): 719–32. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b04056</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лыков И.Н. Фармацевтическое загрязнение окружающей среды. Проблемы региональной экологии. 2020; 3: 23–7. https://elibrary.ru/zfjjcd</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lykov I.N. Pharmaceutical environmental pollution. Regional environmental issues. 2020; 3: 23–27. https://elibrary.ru/zfjjcd (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Василькевич В.М., Богданов Р.В., Дроздова Е.В. Актуальные вопросы гигиенического регламентирования и создания безопасных условий труда на предприятиях по производству фармацевтических препаратов. Мед. труда и пром. экол. 2020; 60(10): 640–644. https://doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2020-60-10-640-644</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vasilkevich V.M., Bogdanov R.V., Drozdova E.V. Actual issues of hygienic regulation and creation of safe working conditions at pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises. Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology [Med. truda i prom. ekol.]. 2020; 60(10): 640-4. https://doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2020-60-10-640-644 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Perova I., Lalymenko O., Zavgorodnii I., Reshetnik V., Miroshnychenko N. The definition of influence different drug exposure types to medical indicators of white rats. In: Proceedings of the 2020 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Data Stream Mining and Processing. DSMP. 2020: 268-71. https://doi.org/10.1109/DSMP47368.2020.9204116</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Perova I., Lalymenko O., Zavgorodnii I., Reshetnik V., Miroshnychenko N. The definition of influence different drug exposure types to medical indicators of white rats. In: Proceedings of the 2020 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Data Stream Mining and Processing. DSMP. 2020: 268-71. https://doi.org/10.1109/DSMP47368.2020.9204116</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бухтияров И.В. Современное состояние и основные направления сохранения и укрепления здоровья работающего населения России. Мед. труда и пром. экол. 2019; 59(9): 527–532. https://doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2019-59-9-527-532</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bukhtiyarov I.V. Current state and main directions of preservation and strengthening of health of the working population of Russia. Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology [Med. truda i prom. ekol.]. 2019; (9): 527-32 https://doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2019-59-9-527-532 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бахонина Е.И., Матузов Г.Л., Фазылова Л.И., Хайбуллина Р.Р Особенности труда и проявления профессиональных заболеваний работников фармацевтических производств. Электронный научный журнал Нефтегазовое дело. 2024; 3: 92–105. https://elibrary.ru/epaouw</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bakhonina E.I., Matuzov G.L., Fazylova L.I., Khaybullina R.R. Working conditions and occupational diseases of pharmaceutical workers. Elektronnyy nauchnyy zhurnal Neftegazovoe delo. 2024; 3: 92–105. https://elibrary.ru/epaouw (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Горохова Л.Г., Мартынова Н.А., Кизиченко Н.В., Логунова Т.Д. Гигиенические аспекты состояния здоровья работающих в химико-фармацевтическом производстве. Медицина в Кузбассе. 2017; 16(3): 11–16. https://elibrary.ru/zgilyp</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gorokhova L.G., Martynova N.A., Kizichenko N.V., Logunova T.D. Hygienic aspects of health status of the workers in chemical and pharmaceutical production. Medicine in Kuzbass. 2017; 16(3): 11–6. https://elibrary.ru/zgilyp (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Яковлев А.А. Факторы производственной деятельности, влияющие на условия труда фармацевтических работников. В кн.: «Сборник научных трудов II Всероссийской научно-практической интернет-конференции с международным участием». Н. Новгород; 2025: 168–172. https://elibrary.ru/xafzji</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yakovlev A.A. Faktory proizvodstvennoy deyatel'nosti, vliyayushchie na usloviya truda farmatsevticheskikh rabotnikov. In.: «Sbornik nauchnykh trudov II Vserossiyskoy nauchno-prakticheskoy internet-konferentsii s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem». N. Novgorod; 2024: 168–172. https://elibrary.ru/xafzji (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shivani Khanna, Geeta Kumari, Hemant Bhanawat, Pandey K.M. Occupational Health and Safety of Workers in Pharmaceutical Industries. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering. 2019; 8(4): 311–6. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.D6819.118419</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shivani Khanna, Geeta Kumari, Hemant Bhanawat, Pandey K.M. Occupational Health and Safety of Workers in Pharmaceutical Industries. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering. 2019; 8(4): 311–6. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.D6819.118419</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Луковникова Л.В., Зацепин Э.П., Яцеленко Ю.В. Значение биомониторинга для улучшения диагностики химического воздействия и повышения качества жизни населения. В кн.: «Здоровье населения и качество жизни: электронный сборник материалов IX Всероссийской с международным участием научно-практической конференции». СПб.; 2022: 296–301. https://elibrary.ru/akmnud</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lukovnikova L.V., Zatsepin E.P., Yatselenko Yu.V. Znachenie biomonitoringa dlya uluchsheniya diagnostiki khimicheskogo vozdeystviya i povysheniya kachestva zhizni naseleniya. V sb.: «Zdorov'e naseleniya i kachestvo zhizni: elektronnyy sbornik materialov IX Vserossiyskoy s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii». SPb.; 2022: 296–301. https://elibrary.ru/akmnud (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бейгул Н.А., Каримова Л.К., Мулдашева Н.А., Волгарева А.Д., Шаповал И.В., Гимранова Г.Г. и соавт. Анализ гигиенической ситуации на производстве и контроль уровней загрязнения воздушной среды предприятий химического комплекса. Тенденции развития науки и образования. 2024;107(6): 85–89. https://elibrary.ru/zndqlc</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Beygul N.A., Karimova L.K., Muldasheva N.A., Volgareva A.D., Shapoval I.V., Gimranova G.G. et al. Analiz gigienicheskoy situatsii na proizvodstve i kontrol' urovney zagryazneniya vozdushnoy sredy predpriyatiy khimicheskogo kompleksa. Tendentsii razvitiya nauki i obrazovaniya. 2024; 107(6): 85-89. https://elibrary.ru/zndqlc (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Varun Ahuja, Mohan Krishnappa. Approaches for setting occupational exposure limits in the pharmaceutical industry. J. Appl. Toxicol. 2022; 42(1):154-67. https://doi.org/10.1002/jat.4218</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Varun Ahuja, Mohan Krishnappa. Approaches for setting occupational exposure limits in the pharmaceutical industry. J. Appl. Toxicol. 2022; 42(1):154-67. https://doi.org/10.1002/jat.4218</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maharshi Mehta, Patricia McDonnell, Prasanth K. Applied occupational hygiene in pharmaceutical industries. Annals of Work Exposures and Health. 2024; 68(1): 1. https://doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxae035.272</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maharshi Mehta, Patricia McDonnell, Prasanth K. Applied occupational hygiene in pharmaceutical industries. Annals of Work Exposures and Health. 2024; 68(1): 1. https://doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxae035.272</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Уколов А.И., Радилов А.С. О развитии идей биологического контроля производственного воздействия вредных химических веществ (дискуссия). Мед. труда и пром. экол. 2022; 62(11): 740–6. https://doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2022-62-11-740-746 https://elibrary.ru/edpulo</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ukolov A.I., Radilov A.S. On the Development of Ideas for Biological Control of Occupational Exposure to Harmful Chemicals (discussion). Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology [Med. truda i prom. ekol.]. 2022; 62(11): 740–746. https://doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2022-62-11-740-746 https://elibrary.ru/edpulo (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шилов В.В., Маркова О.Л., Кузнецов А.В. Биомониторинг воздействия вредных химических веществ на основе современных биомаркеров. Обзор литературы. Гигиена и санитария. 2019; 98(6): 591–596. https://elibrary.ru/qlaqms</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shilov V.V., Markova O.L., Kuznetsov A.V. Biomonitoring of influence of harmful chemicals on the basis of the modern biomarkers. review. Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian journal. 2019; 98(6): 591–6. https://elibrary.ru/qlaqms (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рейнюк В.Л., Луковникова Л.В., Козлов В.К., Яцеленко Ю.В., Пильник Е.Н. О совершенствовании диагностики химической патологии на основе биомониторинга. Российский биомедицинский журнал. 2023; 24(1): 1033–1048. https://elibrary.ru/jgvyku</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reinyuk V.L., Lukovnikova L.V., Kozlov V.K., Yatselenko Yu.V., Pilnik E.N. On improving the diagnosis of chemical pathology based on biomonitoring. Medline.ru. Rossiyskiy biomeditsinskiy zhurnal. 2023; 24(1): 1033–48. https://elibrary.ru/jgvyku (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Луковникова Л.В., Баринов В.А., Рейнюк В.Л., Яцеленко Ю.В. Развитие методологии биомониторинга химических веществ в исследованиях отечественных токсикологов. Медицина труда: проблемы сохранения профессионального здоровья в России на рубеже первой и второй четверти XXI века. В кн. «Сборник трудов всероссийской научной конференции с международным участием, посвященной 100-летию со дня основания кафедры медицины труда ФГБОУ ВО СЗГМУ им. И.И. Мечникова Минздрава России.» СПб.; 2024. 171–175. https://elibrary.ru/gnszmx</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lukovnikova L.V., Barinov V.A., Reynyuk V.L., Yatselenko Yu.V. Razvitie metodologii biomonitoringa khimicheskikh veshchestv v issledovaniyakh otechestvennykh toksikologov. Meditsina truda: problemy sokhraneniya professional'nogo zdorov'ya v Rossii na rubezhe pervoy i vtoroy chetverti XXI veka. In: Sb. trudov vserossiyskoy nauchnoy konferentsii s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem, posvyashchennoy 100-letiyu so dnya osnovaniya kafedry meditsiny truda im. I.I. Mechnikova Minzdrava Rossii. SPb.; 2024: 171-5. https://elibrary.ru/gnszmx (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Маркова О.Л., Шилов В.В., Кузнецов А.В., Метелица Н.Д. Сравнительная оценка подходов к проблеме биомониторинга здоровья человека отечественных и зарубежных исследователей (обзор литературы). Гигиена и санитария. 2020; 99(6): 545–550. https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2020-99-6-545-550</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Markova O.L., Shilov V.V., Kuznetsov A.V., Metelitsa N.D. Comparative assessment of approaches to human biomonitoring problem by national and foreign researchers (literature review). Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian journal. 2020; 99(6): 545–50. https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2020-99-6-545-550 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Human biomonitoring: facts and figures. Copnhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe; 2015. https://clck.ru/3Tihgd</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Human biomonitoring: facts and figures. Copnhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe; 2015. https://clck.ru/3Tihgd</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maryam Zare Jedd, Nancy B. Hopf, Henriqueta Louro, Susana Viegas, Karen S. Galea, Robert Pasanen-Kase et al. Developing human biomonitoring as a 21st century toolbox within the European exposure science strategy 2020–2030. Environment International. 2022; 168: 107476: 2–21 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2022.107476</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maryam Zare Jedd, Nancy B. Hopf, Henriqueta Louro, Susana Viegas, Karen S. Galea, Robert Pasanen-Kase et al. Developing human biomonitoring as a 21st century toolbox within the European exposure science strategy 2020–2030. Environment International. 2022; 168: 107476: 2–21 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2022.107476</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nancy B. Hopf, Jos Bessems, Tiina Santonen, Susana Viegas, Ludwine Casteleyn, Devika Poddalgoda Introducing the OECD guidance document on occupational biomonitoring: A harmonized methodology for deriving occupational biomonitoring levels (OBL). Toxicology Letters. 2025; 403: 132–43 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2024.12.006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nancy B. Hopf, Jos Bessems, Tiina Santonen, Susana Viegas, Ludwine Casteleyn, Devika Poddalgoda Introducing the OECD guidance document on occupational biomonitoring: A harmonized methodology for deriving occupational biomonitoring levels (OBL). Toxicology Letters. 2025; 403: 132–43 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2024.12.006</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhaojin Cao, Shaobin Lin, Feng Zhao, Yuebin Lv, Yingli Qu, Xiaojian Hu et al. Cohort profile: China National Human Biomonitoring (CNHBM)-A nationally representative, prospective cohort in Chinese population. Environment International. 2021; 146: 106252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.106252</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhaojin Cao, Shaobin Lin, Feng Zhao, Yuebin Lv, Yingli Qu, Xiaojian Hu et al. Cohort profile: China National Human Biomonitoring (CNHBM)-A nationally representative, prospective cohort in Chinese population. Environment International. 2021; 146: 106252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.106252</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ларионова Т.К., Даукаев Р.А., Землянова М.А., Зайцева Н.В., Аллаярова Г.Р., Зеленковская Е.Е. Использование биологического мониторинга для оценки вреда здоровью в условиях загрязнения окружающей среды металлами. Здоровье населения и среда обитания. 2023; 31(6): 44–53 https://doi.org/10.35627/2219-5238/2023-31-6-44-53</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Larionova T.K., Daukaev R.A., Zemlyanova M.A., Zaitseva N.V., Allayarova G.R., Zelenkovskaya E.E. et al. Use of Biological Monitoring to Assess Health Damage from Environmental Pollution with Metals. Public Health and Life Environment – PH&amp;LE. 2023; 31(6): 44–53. https://doi.org/10.35627/2219-5238/2023-31-6-44-53 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зайцева Н.В., Землянова М.А. Оценка нарушений протеомного профиля плазмы крови у детей при ингаляционной экспозиции мелкодисперсной пыли, содержащей ванадий. Анализ риска здоровью. 2016; (1): 26–33. https://doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2016.1.03</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zaytseva N.V., Zemlyanova M.A. Assessment of violations of the proteomic profile in blood plasma in children being under inhalation exposure to fine dust containing vanadium. Health Risk Analysis. 2016; (1): 26–33. https://doi.org/10.21668/health.risk/2016.1.03 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зайцева Н.В., Уланова Т.С., Синицына О.О., Гилева О.В. Методическое обеспечение гигиенической оценки опасности воздействия ванадия на здоровье детского населения. Гигиена и санитария. 2014; 4: 115–119. https://elibrary.ru/talsrj</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zaytseva N.V., Ulanova T.S., Sinitsyna O.O., Gileva O.V. Methodical ware for the hygienic risk assessment of vanadium exposure to the children’s health. Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian journal. 2014; 4: 115–9 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лалыменко О.С. Биомаркеры экспозиции и эффекта производного янтарной кислоты с антидиабетической активностью. В кн.: «Профессия и Здоровье. Материалы 1-го Международного Молодёжного Форума». М.; 2016: 74–76. https://elibrary.ru/ynftky</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lalymenko O.S. Methodical ware for the hygienic risk assessment of vanadium exposure to the children’s health. In: «Professiya i Zdorov'e. Materialy 1-ogo Mezhdunarodnogo Molodezhnogo Foruma». Moscow; 2016: 74-76. https://elibrary.ru/talsrj (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bocca B., Battistini B. Biomarkers of exposure and effect in human biomonitoring of metal-based nanomaterials: their use in primary prevention and health surveillance. Nanotoxicology. 2024; 18(1): 1–35. https://doi.org/10.1080/17435390.2023.2301692</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bocca B., Battistini B. Biomarkers of exposure and effect in human biomonitoring of metal-based nanomaterials: their use in primary prevention and health surveillance. Nanotoxicology. 2024; 18(1): 1–35. https://doi.org/10.1080/17435390.2023.2301692</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шилов В.В., Маркова О.Л., Баринов В.А., Никанов А.Н., Андреенко О.Н. Перспективы использования технологий биомониторинга в профпатологии. В сб. «Актуальные проблемы гигиены и профпатологии. Материалы Всероссийской научно-практической конференции, посвящённой 100-летию ФБУН СЗНЦ гигиены и общественного здоровья Роспотребнадзора». СПб.; 2024: 426–233. https://elibrary.ru/qlsweb</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shilov V.V., Markova O.L., Barinov V.A., Nikanov A.N., Andreenko O.N. et al. Prospects for the use of biomonitoring technologies in occupational pathology. 2024: Materialy Vserossiyskoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii, posvyashchennoy 100-letiyu FBUN SZNTs gigieny i obshchestvennogo zdorov'ya Rospotrebnadzora. SPb.: 426–33. https://elibrary.ru/qlsweb  (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кудря М.Я., Лалыменко О.С., Караченцев Ю.И., Завгородний И.В. К вопросу проведения биологического мониторинга ксенобиотиков. Environment &amp; Health. 2017; 1: 65–72. https://clck.ru/3TigW5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kudria M.Ya., Lalymenko O.S., Karachentsev Y.I., Zavhorodnу I.V. For the question of xenobiotics biological monitoring. Environment &amp; Health. 2017; 1: 65–72. https://clck.ru/3TigW5 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Derek C.G. Muir, Getzinger G.J., McBride M., Ferguson P.L. How many chemicals in commerce have been analyzed in environmental media? A 50 Year bibliometric analysis. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2023; 57: 9119–9129. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c09353</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Derek C.G. Muir, Getzinger G.J., McBride M., Ferguson P.L. How many chemicals in commerce have been analyzed in environmental media? A 50 Year bibliometric analysis. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2023; 57: 9119–9129. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c09353</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кирсанов К.И., Сычева Л.П., Лесовая Е.А., Жидкова Е.М., Власова О.А., Осипова А.В. Применение буккального микроядерного цитомного теста для оценки цитогенетического статуса медперсонала, контактирующего с противоопухолевыми препаратами. Генетика. 2022; 58(5): 530–9. https://elibrary.ru/ugcyjq</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kirsanov K.I., Lesovaya E.A., Zhidkova E.M., Vlasova O.A., Osipova A.V., Lylova E.S. et.al Buccal micronucleus cytome assay for the evaluation of cytogenetic status of healthcare professionals contacting with anti-cancer drugs. Russian Journal of Genetics. 2022; 58(5): 528–537. https://elibrary.ru/ugcyjq (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Соленова Л.Г. Эпидемиологический мониторинг онкологического риска у работников онкологического центра. Успехи молекулярной онкологии. 2019; 6(3): 63–70. https://doi.org/10.17650/2313-805X-2019-6-3-63-70</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Solenova L.G. Epidemiological monitoring of cancer risk in cancer center workers. Advances in Molecular Oncology. 2019; 6(3): 63–70. https://doi.org/10.17650/2313-805X-2019-6-3-63-70 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Соленова Л.Г., Якубовская М.Г. Химиотерапия: возможные риски при обращении с противоопухолевыми препаратами. Успехи молекулярной онкологии. 2017; 4(3): 10–20. https://doi.org/10.17650/2313-805X-2017-4-3-10-20</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Solenova L.G. Yakubovskaya M.G. Chemotherapy: some potential risks under antineoplastic drugs handling. Advances in Molecular Oncology. 2017; 4(3): 10–20. https://doi.org/10.17650/2313-805X-2017-4-3-10-20 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Portilha-Cunha M.F., Alves A., Santos M.S. Cytostatics in Indoor Environment: An Update of Analytical Methods. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2021; 14(6): 574. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph14060574</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Portilha-Cunha M.F., Alves A., Santos M.S. Cytostatics in Indoor Environment: An Update of Analytical Methods. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2021; 14(6): 574. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph14060574</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Anna Pałaszewska-Tkacz, Sławomir Czerczak, Katarzyna Konieczko, Małgorzata Kupczewska-Dobecka. Cytostatics as hazardous chemicals in healthcare workers' environment. Int. J. Occup. Med. Environ. Health. 2019; 32(2): 141–59. https://doi.org/10.13075/ijomeh.1896.01248</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anna Pałaszewska-Tkacz, Sławomir Czerczak, Katarzyna Konieczko, Małgorzata Kupczewska-Dobecka. Cytostatics as hazardous chemicals in healthcare workers' environment. Int. J. Occup. Med. Environ. Health. 2019; 32(2): 141–59. https://doi.org/10.13075/ijomeh.1896.01248</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saint-Lorant G., Vasseur M., Allorge D. et al. Four-year follow-up of surface contamination by antineoplastic drugs in a compounding unit. Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2023; 80: 146–53. https://doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2022-108623</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saint-Lorant G., Vasseur M., Allorge D. et al. Four-year follow-up of surface contamination by antineoplastic drugs in a compounding unit. Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2023; 80: 146–53. https://doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2022-108623</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Korczowska E, Jankowiak-Gracz H, Crul M., Tuerk J., Arnold D., Meier K. 3PC-041 Surface contamination with cytotoxic drugs in European hospital wards. European Journal of Hospital Pharmacy. 2020; 27: A41. https://doi.org/10.1136/ejhpharm-2020-eahpconf.88</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Korczowska E, Jankowiak-Gracz H, Crul M., Tuerk J., Arnold D., Meier K. 3PC-041 Surface contamination with cytotoxic drugs in European hospital wards. European Journal of Hospital Pharmacy. 2020; 27: A41. https://doi.org/10.1136/ejhpharm-2020-eahpconf.88</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pereira J., Mateus R., Pires S., Sernache S.,Gonçalves H., Gouveia A. Risk assessment of occupational exposure to cytotoxic drugs in an outpatient hospital pharmacy. European Journal of Hospital Pharmacy. 2021; 28: A174. https://doi.org/10.1136/ejhpharm-2021-eahpconf.364</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pereira J., Mateus R., Pires S., Sernache S.,Gonçalves H., Gouveia A. Risk assessment of occupational exposure to cytotoxic drugs in an outpatient hospital pharmacy. European Journal of Hospital Pharmacy. 2021; 28: A174. https://doi.org/10.1136/ejhpharm-2021-eahpconf.364</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Burch A., Pfeuti R., Mack J., Vella G. Antineoplastic and other hazardous drugs: risk potential and exposure – less is more! European Journal of Hospital Pharmacy. 2021; 28: A176. https://doi.org10.1136/ejhpharm-2021-eahpconf.367</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Burch A., Pfeuti R., Mack J., Vella G. Antineoplastic and other hazardous drugs: risk potential and exposure – less is more! European Journal of Hospital Pharmacy. 2021; 28: A176. https://doi.org10.1136/ejhpharm-2021-eahpconf.367</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stephanie A. Salch, William C. Zamboni, Pharm D., Beth A. Zamboni, Stephen F. Eckel. Patterns and characteristics associated with surface contamination of hazardous drugs in hospital pharmacies. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy. 2019; 76(9): 591–598. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/zxz033</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stephanie A. Salch, William C. Zamboni, Pharm D., Beth A. Zamboni, Stephen F. Eckel. Patterns and characteristics associated with surface contamination of hazardous drugs in hospital pharmacies. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy. 2019; 76(9): 591–598. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/zxz033</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Riestra A.C., Urretavizcaya M., Ferro Uriguen A., Olatz Olariaga Sarasola, Ainara Iglesias,Yoana Camba et al. Monitoring of occupational exposure to hazardous medicinal products in robotic compounding. European Journal of Hospital Pharmacy Published Online First. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1136/ejhpharm-2024-004294</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Riestra A.C., Urretavizcaya M., Ferro Uriguen A., Olatz Olariaga Sarasola, Ainara Iglesias,Yoana Camba et al. Monitoring of occupational exposure to hazardous medicinal products in robotic compounding. European Journal of Hospital Pharmacy Published Online First. 2025. https://doi.org/10.1136/ejhpharm-2024-004294</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cotteret C., Secretan P., Gilles-Afchain L., Laurence Gilles-Afchain, Julia Rousseau, Fabrice Vidal et al. External contamination of antineoplastic drug vials: an occupational risk to consider. European Journal of Hospital Pharmacy. 2022; 29: 284–286. https://doi.org/10.1136/ejhpharm-2020-002440</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cotteret C., Secretan P., Gilles-Afchain L., Laurence Gilles-Afchain, Julia Rousseau, Fabrice Vidal et al. External contamination of antineoplastic drug vials: an occupational risk to consider. European Journal of Hospital Pharmacy. 2022; 29: 284–286. https://doi.org/10.1136/ejhpharm-2020-002440</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Beigzadeh Z., Golbabaei F., Omidi F., Jamaleddin Shahtaheri S. Comparative analysis of dermal and inhalation exposures to antineoplastic drugs among workers in the workplaces: a systematic review. BMC Public Health. 2025; 25(1): 1800. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-21191-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Beigzadeh Z., Golbabaei F., Omidi F., Jamaleddin Shahtaheri S. Comparative analysis of dermal and inhalation exposures to antineoplastic drugs among workers in the workplaces: a systematic review. BMC Public Health. 2025; 25(1): 1800. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-21191-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Claudio Müller-Ramírez, Claydio Almashat, Gaitens S., McDiarmid J. Carcinogenic drug exposure among health-sector workers: the need for exposure assessment and surveillance Rev. Panam Salud Publica. 2023; 47: e11. https://doi.org/10.26633/RPSP.2023.11</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Claudio Müller-Ramírez, Claydio Almashat, Gaitens S., McDiarmid J. Carcinogenic drug exposure among health-sector workers: the need for exposure assessment and surveillance Rev. Panam Salud Publica. 2023; 47: e11. https://doi.org/10.26633/RPSP.2023.11</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Johannes Gerding, Lea Anhäuser, Udo Eickmann, Albert Nienhaus. A simple approach to assess the cancer risk of occupational exposure to genotoxic drugs in healthcare settings. J. Occup. Med. Toxicol. 2022; 17(1): 8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12995-022-00349-z</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Johannes Gerding, Lea Anhäuser, Udo Eickmann, Albert Nienhaus. A simple approach to assess the cancer risk of occupational exposure to genotoxic drugs in healthcare settings. J. Occup. Med. Toxicol. 2022; 17(1): 8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12995-022-00349-z</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thomas H. Connor, Matthew D. Zock, Amy H. Snow. Surface wipe sampling for antineoplastic (chemotherapy) and other hazardous drug residue in healthcare settings: Methodology and recommendations. J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. 2016; 13(9): 658–667. https://doi.org/10.1080/15459624.2016.1165912</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thomas H. Connor, Matthew D. Zock, Amy H. Snow. Surface wipe sampling for antineoplastic (chemotherapy) and other hazardous drug residue in healthcare settings: Methodology and recommendations. J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. 2016; 13(9): 658–667. https://doi.org/10.1080/15459624.2016.1165912</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hon C.Y., Abusitta D. Causes of health care workers' exposure to antineoplastic drugs: An exploratory study. Can. J. Hosp. Pharm. 2016; 69: 216–23. https://doi.org/10.4212/cjhp.v69i3.1558</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hon C.Y., Abusitta D. Causes of health care workers' exposure to antineoplastic drugs: An exploratory study. Can. J. Hosp. Pharm. 2016; 69: 216–23. https://doi.org/10.4212/cjhp.v69i3.1558</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nitin Vyas, Yiannakis D., Turner A., Sewell G. J. Occupational exposure to anti-cancer drugs: A review of effects of new technology. J. Oncol. Pharm. Pract. 2014; 20(4): 278–87. https://doi.org/10.1177/1078155213498630</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nitin Vyas, Yiannakis D., Turner A., Sewell G. J. Occupational exposure to anti-cancer drugs: A review of effects of new technology. J. Oncol. Pharm. Pract. 2014; 20(4): 278–87. https://doi.org/10.1177/1078155213498630</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Климов В.И., Лалыменко О.С., Корсун Л.В. Возможные риски профессионального воздействия инновационных биологических лекарственных препаратов: обзор литературы. Медицина экстремальных ситуаций. 2024; 26(4): 74–81. https://doi.org/10.47183/mes.2024-26-4-74-81</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klimov V.I., Lalymenko O.S., Korsun L.V. Potential risks of occupational exposure to innovative biopharmaceuticals: a review. Extreme Medicine. 2024; 26(4): 74–81. https://doi.org/10.47183/mes.2024-26-4-74-81 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nygren O., Lindahl R. Screening of spill and leakage of antibiotics in hospital wards. J. ASTM. 2011; 8: 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1520/JAI103453</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nygren O., Lindahl R. Screening of spill and leakage of antibiotics in hospital wards. J. ASTM. 2011; 8: 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1520/JAI103453</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sessink P., Tans B., Devolder D., Schrijvers R., Spriet I. Evaluation of environmental antibiotic contamination by surface wipe sampling in a large care centre. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 2024; 79(7): 1637–44. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkae159</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sessink P., Tans B., Devolder D., Schrijvers R., Spriet I. Evaluation of environmental antibiotic contamination by surface wipe sampling in a large care centre. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 2024; 79(7): 1637–44. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkae159</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Van Nimmen N.F., Poels K.L., Severi M.J., Godderis L., Veulemans H.A. Selecting an appropriate biomonitoring strategy to evaluate dermal exposure to opioid narcotic analgesics in pharmaceutical production workers. Occup. Environ. Med. 2010; 67(7): 464–70. https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.2009.050583</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Van Nimmen N.F., Poels K.L., Severi M.J., Godderis L., Veulemans H.A. Selecting an appropriate biomonitoring strategy to evaluate dermal exposure to opioid narcotic analgesics in pharmaceutical production workers. Occup. Environ. Med. 2010; 67(7): 464–70. https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.2009.050583</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gromek K., Hawkins W., Tanja Bernier, Claudia Sehner, Eva Zeller. Deriving harmonised permitted daily exposures (pdes) for paracetamol (acetaminophen) cas N: 103-90-2. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2020. 115: 104692. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2020.104692</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gromek K., Hawkins W., Tanja Bernier, Claudia Sehner, Eva Zeller. Deriving harmonised permitted daily exposures (pdes) for paracetamol (acetaminophen) cas N: 103-90-2. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2020. 115: 104692. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2020.104692</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kortenkamp A., Scholze M., Ermler S., Priskorn L., Jørgensen N. Combined exposures to bisphenols, polychlorinated dioxins, paracetamol, and phthalates as drivers of deteriorating semen quality. Environ Int. 2022; 165: 107322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2022.107322</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kortenkamp A., Scholze M., Ermler S., Priskorn L., Jørgensen N. Combined exposures to bisphenols, polychlorinated dioxins, paracetamol, and phthalates as drivers of deteriorating semen quality. Environ Int. 2022; 165: 107322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2022.107322</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jiang-yang Zhao, Mezbah Uddin, Daisy Unsihuay, William Butler, Terrance W. Xia, Jayson Z. Xu et al. Rapid and sensitive detection of Fentanyl and its analogs by a novel chemiluminescence immunoassay. Clin Chem. 2024; 70(7): 978–86. https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/hvae071</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jiang-yang Zhao, Mezbah Uddin, Daisy Unsihuay, William Butler, Terrance W. Xia, Jayson Z. Xu et al. Rapid and sensitive detection of Fentanyl and its analogs by a novel chemiluminescence immunoassay. Clin Chem. 2024; 70(7): 978–86. https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/hvae071</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yanwei Y., Xu Z., Xiao L., Sun Qi, Fu Hui, Lu Yifu. Quality control strategy for targeted quantitative analysis of chemical pollutants in China National Human Biomonitoring Program. Chinese Journal of Chromatography. 2025; 43(6): 559–570. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1123.2024.11022</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yanwei Y., Xu Z., Xiao L., Sun Qi, Fu Hui, Lu Yifu. Quality control strategy for targeted quantitative analysis of chemical pollutants in China National Human Biomonitoring Program. Chinese Journal of Chromatography. 2025; 43(6): 559–570. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1123.2024.11022</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mahdavijalal M., Petio C., Staffilano G., Mandrioli R., Protti M. Innovative solid-phase extraction strategies for improving the advanced chromatographic determination of drugs in challenging biological samples. Molecules. 2024; 29(10) :2278. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29102278</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mahdavijalal M., Petio C., Staffilano G., Mandrioli R., Protti M. Innovative solid-phase extraction strategies for improving the advanced chromatographic determination of drugs in challenging biological samples. Molecules. 2024; 29(10) :2278. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29102278</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sophie Ndaw Aurélie Remy. Occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs in twelve french health care setting: biological monitoring and surface contamination. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2023; 20(6): 4952. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20064952</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sophie Ndaw Aurélie Remy. Occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs in twelve french health care setting: biological monitoring and surface contamination. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2023; 20(6): 4952. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20064952</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit61"><label>61</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Béchet V., Benoist H., Beau F., Divanon F., Lagadu S., Sichel F. Blood contamination of the pharmaceutical staff by irinotecan and its two major metabolites inside and outside a compounding unit. J. Oncol. Pharm. Pract. 2022; 28(4): 777–84.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Béchet V., Benoist H., Beau F., Divanon F., Lagadu S., Sichel F. Blood contamination of the pharmaceutical staff by irinotecan and its two major metabolites inside and outside a compounding unit. J. Oncol. Pharm. Pract. 2022; 28(4): 777–84.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit62"><label>62</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Friese C.R., McArdle C., Zhao T., Sun D., Spasojevic I., Polovich M., McCullagh M.C. Antineoplastic drug exposure in an ambulatory setting: A pilot study. Cancer Nurs. 2015; 38: 111–7. https://doi.org/10.1097/NCC.0000000000000143</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Friese C.R., McArdle C., Zhao T., Sun D., Spasojevic I., Polovich M., McCullagh M.C. Antineoplastic drug exposure in an ambulatory setting: A pilot study. Cancer Nurs. 2015; 38: 111–7. https://doi.org/10.1097/NCC.0000000000000143</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit63"><label>63</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ai Hori, Mari Shimura, Yutaka Iida, Kazuhiko Yamada, Kyoko Nohara, Takayuki Ichinose et al. Оccupational exposure of platinum-based anti-cancer drugs: five-year monitoring of hair and environmental samples in a single hospital. J. Occup. Med. Toxicol. 2020; 15: 29 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12995-020-00280-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ai Hori, Mari Shimura, Yutaka Iida, Kazuhiko Yamada, Kyoko Nohara, Takayuki Ichinose et al. Оccupational exposure of platinum-based anti-cancer drugs: five-year monitoring of hair and environmental samples in a single hospital. J. Occup. Med. Toxicol. 2020; 15: 29 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12995-020-00280-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit64"><label>64</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saint-Lorant G., Rodier S., Guilloit J.M., Ndaw S., Melczer M., Lagadu S. et al. Is the blood of a surgeon performing HIPEC contaminated by irinotecan, its major metabolites and platinum compounds? Pleura Peritoneum. 2021; 6: 49–55. https://doi.org/10.1515/pp-2020-0141</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saint-Lorant G., Rodier S., Guilloit J.M., Ndaw S., Melczer M., Lagadu S. et al. Is the blood of a surgeon performing HIPEC contaminated by irinotecan, its major metabolites and platinum compounds? Pleura Peritoneum. 2021; 6: 49–55. https://doi.org/10.1515/pp-2020-0141</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit65"><label>65</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dugheri S., Squillaci D., Saccomando V., Marrubini G., Bucaletti E. An automated micro solid-phase extraction (μSpe) liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method for cyclophosphamide and iphosphamide: biological monitoring in antineoplastic drug (AD) occupational exposure. Molecules. 2024; 29(3): 638. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29030638</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dugheri S., Squillaci D., Saccomando V., Marrubini G., Bucaletti E. An automated micro solid-phase extraction (μSpe) liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method for cyclophosphamide and iphosphamide: biological monitoring in antineoplastic drug (AD) occupational exposure. Molecules. 2024; 29(3): 638. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29030638</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit66"><label>66</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pan Shu, Ting Zhao, Bo Wen, Kari Mendelsohn-Victor, Duxin Sun, Christopher R Friese. et al. Application of an innovative high-throughput liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous analysis of 18 hazardous drugs to rule out accidental acute chemotherapy exposures in health care workers. Oncol Pharm Pract. 2019; 26(4): 794–802. https://doi.org/10.1177/1078155219870591</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pan Shu, Ting Zhao, Bo Wen, Kari Mendelsohn-Victor, Duxin Sun, Christopher R Friese. et al. Application of an innovative high-throughput liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous analysis of 18 hazardous drugs to rule out accidental acute chemotherapy exposures in health care workers. Oncol Pharm Pract. 2019; 26(4): 794–802. https://doi.org/10.1177/1078155219870591</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit67"><label>67</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Villa A., Molimard M., Sakr D., Lassalle R., Bignon E., Martinez B., Rouyer M., Mathoulin-Pelissier S., Baldi I., Verdun-Esquer C., et al. Nurses’ internal contamination by antineoplastic drugs in hospital centers: a cross-sectional descriptive study. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health. 2021; 94: 1839–50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-021-01706-x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Villa A., Molimard M., Sakr D., Lassalle R., Bignon E., Martinez B., Rouyer M., Mathoulin-Pelissier S., Baldi I., Verdun-Esquer C., et al. Nurses’ internal contamination by antineoplastic drugs in hospital centers: a cross-sectional descriptive study. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health. 2021; 94: 1839–50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-021-01706-x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit68"><label>68</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Palamini M., Dufour A., Therrien R., Delisle J.F., Mercier G., Gagné S., Caron N., Bussières J.F. Quantification of healthcare workers’ exposure to cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil by 24-h urine assay: a descriptive pilot study. J. Oncol. Pharm. Pract. 2020; 26: 1864–70. https://doi.org/10.1177/1078155220907129</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Palamini M., Dufour A., Therrien R., Delisle J.F., Mercier G., Gagné S., Caron N., Bussières J.F. Quantification of healthcare workers’ exposure to cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil by 24-h urine assay: a descriptive pilot study. J. Oncol. Pharm. Pract. 2020; 26: 1864–70. https://doi.org/10.1177/1078155220907129</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit69"><label>69</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mathias P.I., Connor T.H., Hymer C.B. A review of high performance liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric urinary methods for anticancer drug exposure of health care workers. J. Chromatogr. B. Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci. 2017; 1060: 316–324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.06.028</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mathias P.I., Connor T.H., Hymer C.B. A review of high performance liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric urinary methods for anticancer drug exposure of health care workers. J. Chromatogr. B. Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci. 2017; 1060: 316–324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.06.028</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit70"><label>70</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chun-Yip Hon, Teschke K., Hui Shen, Paul A. Demers, Scott Venners Antineoplastic drug contamination in the urine of Canadian healthcare workers. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health. 2015; 88: 933–41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-015-1026-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chun-Yip Hon, Teschke K., Hui Shen, Paul A. Demers, Scott Venners Antineoplastic drug contamination in the urine of Canadian healthcare workers. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health. 2015; 88: 933–41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-015-1026-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
