zurniimtpeМедицина труда и промышленная экологияRussian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology1026-94282618-8945FSBSI “Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health”10.31089/1026-9428-2026-66-4-260-271daibomzurniimtpe-4172Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫLITERATURE REVIEWSЛокальное низкотемпературное воздействие в медицине: классификация, эволюция подходов и клинические области примененияLocalized low-temperature exposure in medicine: classification, evolution of approaches, and clinical areas of applicationhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-5450КоробоваНаталия ЮрьевнаKorobovaNatalia Yu.

Аспирант МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана

e-mail: saakyan@bmstu.ru

Postgraduate student (Bauman Moscow State Technical University)

e-mail: saakyan@bmstu.ru

saakyan@bmstu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0146-3862МакаровАртур ФеликсовичMakarovArtur F.

Науч. сотр. МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана; ст. науч. сотр. ФГБНУ «НИИ МТ», канд. мед. наук

e-mail: artmakf@bmstu.ru

Research Associate (Bauman Moscow State Technical University); Senior Research Associate (Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health), Cand. of Sci. (Med.)

e-mail: artmakf@bmstu.ru

artmakf@bmstu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1737-7838ПушкаревАлександр ВасильевичPushkarevAlexander V.

Вед. инженер МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана; зав. каф. медицинской техники РМАНПО Минздрава России, канд. тех. наук

e-mail: pushkarev@bmstu.ru

Lead Engineer (Bauman Moscow State Technical University); Head of the Department of Medical Engineering (FSBEI FPE RMACPE MOH Russia), Cand. of Sci. (Tech.)

e-mail: pushkarev@bmstu.ru

pushkarev@bmstu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6110-8101ШакуровАлексей ВалерьевичShakurovAleksey V.

Зав. отделом ЭМ 3.1 МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана, д-р тех. наук, профессор

e-mail: shakurov@bmstu.ru

Head of the Department of EM 3.1 (Bauman Moscow State Technical University), Dr. of Sci. (Tech.), Professor

e-mail: shakurov@bmstu.ru

shakurov@bmstu.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3310-9593ЦыгановДмитрий ИгоревичTsyganovDmitry I.

Вед. инженер МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана, проф. каф. медицинской техники РМАНПО Минздрава России, д-р тех. наук, проф.

e-mail: ciganov@bmstu.ru

Lead Engineer (Bauman Moscow State Technical University); Professor of the Department of Medical Engineering (FSBEI FPE RMACPE MOH Russia), Dr. of Sci. (Tech.), Professor

e-mail: ciganov@bmstu.ru

ciganov@bmstu.ruФГАОУ ВО «Московский государственный технический университет им. Н.Э. Баумана»РоссияBauman Moscow State Technical UniversityRussian FederationФГАОУ ВО «Московский государственный технический университет им. Н.Э. Баумана»; ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский университет медицины труда имени академика Н.Ф. Измерова»РоссияBauman Moscow State Technical University; Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational HealthRussian FederationФГАОУ ВО «Московский государственный технический университет им. Н.Э. Баумана»; ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава РоссииРоссияBauman Moscow State Technical University; FSBEI FPE RMACPE MOH RussiaRussian Federation202602062026664260271Copyright © Коробова Н.Ю., Макаров А.Ф., Пушкарев А.В., Шакуров А.В., Цыганов Д.И., 20262026Коробова Н.Ю., Макаров А.Ф., Пушкарев А.В., Шакуров А.В., Цыганов Д.И.Korobova N.Y., Makarov A.F., Pushkarev A.V., Shakurov A.V., Tsyganov D.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.journal-irioh.ru/jour/article/view/4172

Локальное низкотемпературное воздействие объединяет медицинские технологии, основанные на дозированном теплоотводе от ограниченного участка биоткани и различающиеся по клинической задаче и биологическому исходу. Цель обзора — уточнить терминологию, сопоставить основные направления локального низкотемпературного воздействия, проследить эволюцию подходов и проанализировать современные клинические области применения. Выполнен аналитический обзор отечественных и зарубежных публикаций из РИНЦ, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science и Google Scholar. Показано, что в современной криомедицине целесообразно выделять три самостоятельных направления локального низкотемпературного воздействия: разрушение, сохранение и терапию. Они имеют общую теплофизическую основу, но различаются по целевому биологическому исходу, допустимому температурному диапазону, глубине охлаждения, длительности воздействия и критериям эффективности. Современные исследования сосредоточены на стандартизации температурно-временных протоколов, развитии навигационных и вычислительных методов, персонализации воздействия и оценке клинических результатов в малоинвазивном лечении, трансплантологии, медицинской реабилитации и восстановительной медицине. Предложенная систематизация может служить основой для клинически ориентированного описания и дальнейшей стандартизации холодового фактора в медицине, включая медицинскую реабилитацию, восстановительное лечение и состояния, сопровождающиеся ограничением функциональной активности пациента.

Участие авторов

Участие авторов:Коробова Н.Ю. — концепция и дизайн обзора, поиск и анализ литературы, систематизация материала, написание текста;Макаров А.Ф. — концепция обзора, научное редактирование и критический пересмотр содержания;Пушкарев А.В. — поиск и анализ литературы, подготовка отдельных разделов рукописи, редактирование текста;Шакуров А.В. — анализ литературы, участие в интерпретации данных и редактировании рукописи;Цыганов Д.И. — научное консультирование, критический пересмотр рукописи и утверждение окончательной версии статьи.

Финансирование

Финансирование. Исследование выполнено за счёт грантов Российского научного фонда, № 24-79-10153, https://rscf.ru/project/24-79-10153/ (раздел локального низкотемпературного воздействия с терапевтической целью) и № 24-19-00497, https://rscf.ru/project/24-19-00497/ (разделы локального низкотемпературного воздействия с целью разрушения и сохранения биотканей).

Конфликт интересов

Конфликт интересов. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.

Дата поступления

Дата поступления: 29.04.2026 / Дата принятия к печати: 01.05.2026 / Дата публикации: 02.06.2026

Localized low-temperature exposure comprises medical technologies based on controlled heat removal from a limited tissue region and differing in clinical purpose and biological outcome. The aim of this review was to refine the terminology, compare the main directions of localized low-temperature exposure, trace the evolution of approaches, and analyze current clinical fields of application. An analytical review of Russian and international publications indexed in RISC, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar was performed. The review shows that modern cryomedicine should distinguish three independent directions of localized low-temperature exposure: destruction, preservation, and therapy. These directions share the same thermal basis but differ in their intended biological outcome, acceptable temperature range, cooling depth, exposure duration, and criteria of effectiveness. Current research is focused on standardizing temperature-time protocols, improving navigation and computational support, personalizing cooling, and evaluating clinical outcomes in minimally invasive treatment, transplantation, medical rehabilitation, and restorative medicine. The proposed systematization may serve as a basis for clinically oriented description and further standardization of the cold factor in medicine, including medical rehabilitation, restorative treatment, and conditions associated with limited functional activity.

Contributions

Contributions:Korobova N.Yu. — concept and design of the review, literature search and analysis, systematization of the material, writing of the manuscript;|Makarov A.F. — concept of the review, scientific editing, critical revision of the content;Pushkarev A.V. — literature search and analysis, drafting of selected sections of the manuscript, editing;Shakurov A.V. — literature analysis, participation in data interpretation, editing of the manuscript;Tsiganov D.I. — scientific supervision, critical revision of the manuscript, approval of the final version of the article.

Funding

Funding. The study was supported by grants from the Russian Science Foundation (RSF), № 24-79-10153, https://rscf.ru/project/24-79-10153/ (section on local low-temperature exposure for therapeutic purposes) and № 24-19-00497, https://rscf.ru/project/24-19-00497/ (sections of local low-temperature exposure for the purpose of destruction and preservation of biological tissues).

Conflict of interest

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Received

Received: 29.04.2026 / Accepted: 01.05.2026 / Published: 02.06.2026

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.