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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zurniimtpe</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицина труда и промышленная экология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1026-9428</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-8945</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBSI “Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31089/1026-9428-2025-65-4-265-270</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">fdyiud</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zurniimtpe-3775</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка нейротоксического эффекта продуктов термодеструкции торфа в условиях экспериментального моделирования</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Assessing neurotoxity of peat thermal degradation products in experimental modeling</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8165-8052</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вокина</surname><given-names>Вера Александровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vokina</surname><given-names>Vera A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Старший научный сотрудник лаборатории биомоделирования и трансляционной медицины, канд. биол. наук</p><p>e-mail: vokina.vera@gmail.com</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Biomodeling and Translational Medicine, Cand. of Sci. (Biol.)</p><p>e-mail: vokina.vera@gmail.com</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vokina.vera@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1052-4601</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соседова</surname><given-names>Лариса Михайловна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sosedova</surname><given-names>Larisa M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Заведующий лабораторией биомоделирования и трансляционной медицины, д-р мед. наук, профессор</p><p>e-mail: sosedlar@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of the Laboratory of Biomodeling and Translational Medicine, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor</p><p>e-mail: sosedlar@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sosedlar@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2536-1550</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рукавишников</surname><given-names>Виктор Степанович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rukavishnikov</surname><given-names>Viktor S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Научный руководитель, д-р мед. наук, профессор, член-корр. РАН</p><p>e-mail: rvs_2010@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Scientific Director, Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences</p><p>e-mail: rvs_2010@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rvs_2010@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Восточно-Сибирский институт медико-экологических исследований»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>65</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>265</fpage><lpage>270</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Вокина В.А., Соседова Л.М., Рукавишников В.С., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Вокина В.А., Соседова Л.М., Рукавишников В.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vokina V.A., Sosedova L.M., Rukavishnikov V.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.journal-irioh.ru/jour/article/view/3775">https://www.journal-irioh.ru/jour/article/view/3775</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. В настоящее время проблема природных пожаров приобретает глобальный масштаб, причём в условиях изменения климата прогнозируется их дальнейшее увеличение. Постоянное возрастание масштабов природных пожаров и продолжительные ежегодные задымления обширных территорий диктуют необходимость изучения механизмов токсичности продуктов горения, в том числе оценки их нейротоксического действия.</p><p>Цель исследования — оценка влияния острой интоксикации торфяным дымом на показатели функционального состояния ЦНС белых крыс.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Исследования выполнены на 20 белых беспородных крысах самцах, подвергавшихся воздействию торфяного дыма в течение 4-х часов. Через сутки после окончания экспозиции проводили обследование животных с применением тестов «открытое поле» и «водный лабиринт Морриса», а также оценивали показатели ЭЭГ.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Воздействие торфяного дыма в течение 4-х часов сопровождалось выраженным угнетением двигательной и исследовательской активности белых крыс, о чем свидетельствовало уменьшение пройденного пути и снижение площади исследуемой арены по сравнению с показателями группы контроля. По результатам электроэнцефалографии выявлено статистически значимое снижение средней амплитуды ЭЭГ в левом и правом полушариях на 23% и 20% и снижение средней мощности сигнала в диапазоне θ-частот на 10–11%, α-ритма и β1-ритма — на 22–27%.</p></sec><sec><title>Ограничения исследования</title><p>Ограничения исследования. Исследование ограничено изучением показателей поведения и электроэнцефалографии у самцов белых крыс, подвергавшихся воздействию торфяного дыма в течение 4-х часов.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Полученные нами результаты свидетельствуют о том, что при однократном 4-часовом ингаляционном воздействии дыма термодеструкции торфа, содержащего основные компоненты: СО — 24 мг/м3 и РМ2,5 — 0,32 мг/­м3, происходит изменение как поведения крыс, так и показателей ЭЭГ. В формировании нейротоксичности у крыс при вдыхании дыма термодеструкции торфа значительная роль принадлежит твёрдым частицам диаметром менее 2,5 мк (РМ2,5). Несмотря на то, что содержание СО в воздухе затравочных камер было близко к предельно-допустимому уровню в воздухе рабочей зоны, в совокупности с РМ2,5 и другими газами дымовой фракции, вероятно возникновение потенцирования токсического эффекта.</p></sec><sec><title>Этика</title><p>Этика. Исследование проведено в соответствии с принципами, изложенными в Европейской конвенции о защите позвоночных животных, используемых для экспериментов или в иных научных целях ETS N123, ГОСТ 33215-2014 и одобрено Этическим комитетом ФГБНУ ВСИМЭИ (протокол № 7 от 15 декабря 2023 г.).</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов:Вокина В.А. — концепция, сбор данных, формальный анализ, создание рукописи и её редактирование, администрирование данных;Соседова Л.М. — концепция, методология, поиск литературы, написание и редактирование рукописи;Рукавишников В.С. — концепция, методология, администрирование.Все соавторы — утверждение окончательного варианта и ответственность за целостность всех частей рукописи.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Работа выполнялась по плану НИР в рамках государственного задания.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.</p></sec><sec><title>Дата поступления</title><p>Дата поступления: 27.03.2025 / Дата принятия к печати: 14.04.2025 / Дата публикации: 08.05.2025</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Currently, the problem of wildfires is acquiring a global scale, and in the conditions of climate change, their further increase is predicted. The constant increase in the scale of wildfires and long-term annual smoke pollution of vast territories dictate the need to study the mechanisms of combustion products toxicity, including the assessment of their neurotoxic effect.</p><p>The study aims to assess the effect of acute peat smoke intoxication on the indices of the functional state of the central nervous system of white rats.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The studies were performed on 20 white outbred male rats exposed to peat smoke for 4 hours. A day after the end of the exposure, the animals were examined using the open field and Morris water maze tests. EEG indices were also assessed.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Exposure to peat smoke for 4 hours was accompanied by a pronounced inhibition of the motor and exploratory activity of white rats, as evidenced by a decrease in the distance traveled and a decrease in the area of the studied arena compared to the control group. The results of electroencephalography revealed a statistically significant decrease in the average EEG amplitude in the left and right hemispheres by 23% and 20%, and a decrease in the average signal power in the θ-frequency range by 10–11%, α-rhythm and β1-rhythm — by 22-27%.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Our results indicate that a single 4-hour inhalation exposure to smoke from thermal destruction of peat containing the main components: CO — 24 mg/m3 and PM2.5 — 0.32 mg/m3 causes changes in both the rats' behavior and EEG parameters. In the formation of neurotoxicity in rats when inhaling smoke from thermal destruction of peat, the leading role belongs to solid particles with a diameter of less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5). Even though the CO content in the air of the inoculation chambers was close to the maximum permissible level in the air of the working area, in combination with PM2.5 and other gases of the smoke fraction, the occurrence of a potentiation of the toxic effect is likely.</p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. The study is limited to examining behavioral and electroencephalographic parameters in male albino rats exposed to peat smoke for 4 hours.</p></sec><sec><title>Ethics</title><p>Ethics. The study was carried out in compliance with the principles set out in the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals used for Experimental and other Scientific Purposes ETS N123, GOST 33215-2014 and approved by the Ethics Committee of the East Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research (Protocol No. 7 dated December 15, 2023).</p></sec><sec><title>Contributions</title><p>Contributions:Vokina V.A. — concept, data collection, formal analysis, manuscript creation and editing, data administration;Sosedova L.M. — concept, methodology, literature search, manuscript writing and editing;Rukavishnikov V.S. — concept, methodology, administration.All co-authors — approval of the final version and responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript.</p></sec><sec><title>Funding</title><p>Funding. The study was carried out according to the research plan within the framework of the state assignment.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interest</title><p>Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: 27.03.2025 / Accepted: 14.04.2025 / Published: 08.05.2025</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>торфяной дым</kwd><kwd>крысы</kwd><kwd>нервная система</kwd><kwd>электроэнцефалография</kwd><kwd>поведение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>peat smoke</kwd><kwd>rats</kwd><kwd>nervous system</kwd><kwd>electroencephalography</kwd><kwd>behavior</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Franzi L.M., Bratt J.M., Williams K.M., Last J.A. Why is particulate matter produced by wildfires toxic to lung macrophages? Toxicol. Appl. 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