zurniimtpeМедицина труда и промышленная экологияRussian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology1026-94282618-8945FSBSI “Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health”10.31089/1026-9428-2025-65-2-101-112mobqvqzurniimtpe-3709Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫLITERATURE REVIEWSВысокие температуры атмосферного воздуха и здоровье работающихHigh atmospheric temperatures and the health of workershttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7528-6643РевичБорис АлександровичRevichBoris A.

Заведующий лабораторией прогнозирования качества окружающей среды и здоровья населения и член Учёного совета ФГБУН «Институт народнохозяйственного прогнозирования РАН»; д-р мед. наук, профессор

e-mail: brevich@yandex.ru

Head of Laboratory of Forecasting of Environmental Quality and Public Health, and member of Academic Board of Institute of Economic Forecasting of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Dr. of Sci. (Med.), Professor

e-mail: brevich@yandex.ru

brevich@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9191-1974ШапошниковДмитрий АнатольевичShaposhnikovDmitry A.

Старший научный сотрудник лаборатории прогнозирования качества окружающей среды и здоровья населения; канд. физ.-мат. наук

e-mail: dshap2014@gmail.com

Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Forecasting of Environmental Quality and Public Health, Institute of Economic Forecasting of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Cand. of Sci. (Phys. & Math.)

e-mail: dshap2014@gmail.com

dshap2014@gmail.comФГБУН «Институт народнохозяйственного прогнозирования РАН»РоссияInstitute of Economic Forecasting of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation202504032025652101112Copyright © Ревич Б.А., Шапошников Д.А., 20252025Ревич Б.А., Шапошников Д.А.Revich B.A., Shaposhnikov D.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.journal-irioh.ru/jour/article/view/3709

Исследования реакции организма на воздействие высоких температур атмосферного воздуха стали особенно актуальны в контексте продолжающегося изменения климата, постепенного повышения летних температур, увеличения частоты и амплитуды волн жары. Воздействие высоких температур приводит к неблагоприятным последствиям для работающих на открытом воздухе, может возникнуть гипертермия и вызвать развитие «тепловой болезни», которая может стать причиной смерти. Вторым по значимости эффектом для здоровья, после тепловой болезни, являются болезни почек. Кроме этого, воздействие высоких температур повышает риск производственного травматизма, снижает работоспособность и производительность труда. Основной целью данного обзора является обобщение результатов зарубежных исследований влияния высоких температур атмосферного воздуха на здоровье работающих, поскольку в России такие исследования не проводились. Порядок изложения материала соответствует степени выраженности эффектов для здоровья рабочих различных специальностей. Самой уязвимой группой являются сельскохозяйственные рабочие, затем следуют строительные рабочие, затем рабочие других специальностей, для которых характерна тяжёлая физическая работа вне помещений — это шахтёры, дорожные полицейские, работники коммунальных служб, туристического сектора и т. п. В обзоре также кратко рассмотрены исследования по экономической оценке ущерба, вызванного воздействием высоких температур воздуха на здоровье работающих, и российские исследования в смежной области — влияние нагревающего микроклимата внутри производственных помещений на здоровье работающих.

Этика

Этика. Данное исследование не требовало заключения этического комитета.

Участие авторов

Участие авторов:Ревич Б.А. — разработка и дизайн исследования, написание текста;Шапошников Д.А. — сбор и обработка материала, написание текста, редактирование.

Финансирование

Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.

Конфликт интересов

Конфликт интересов. Автор заявляет об отсутствии конфликта интересов.

Дата поступления

Дата поступления: 18.02.2025 / Дата принятия к печати: 24.02.2025 / Дата публикации: 05.03.2025

The studies of health impacts of high ambient temperatures have gained particular importance in the context of continuing climate change, gradual rise in summer temperatures, increasing frequency and severity of heat waves. The exposure of outdoor workers to high ambient temperatures may cause hyperthermia and heat-related illness which may ultimately lead to death.The second most important health effect, after heat sickness, is kidney disease. In addition, exposure to high temperatures increases the risk of occupational injury, reduces working capacity and labor productivity. The main purpose of this review is to summarize the results of foreign studies on the effects of high ambient temperatures on the health of workers, since no such studies have been conducted in Russia. The order of presentation of the material corresponds to the degree of severity of the effects on the health of workers in various specialties. The most vulnerable group are agricultural workers, followed by construction workers, then workers of other professions who are characterized by heavy physical work outside the premises — these are miners, traffic policemen, public utilities workers, the tourism sector, etc. The review also briefly examines studies on the economic assessment of damage caused by exposure to high air temperatures on the health of workers, and Russian research in a related field — the effect of a heating microclimate inside industrial premises on the health of workers.

Ethics

Ethics. This study did not require the conclusion of an Ethics committee.

Contribution

Contribution:Revich B.A. — research development and design, text writing;Shaposhnikov D.A. — collecting and processing material, writing text, editing.

Funding

Funding. The study had no finding.

Conflict of interests

Conflict of interests. The author declares no conflict of interests.

Received

Received: 18.02.2025 / Accepted: 24.02.2025 / Published: 05.03.2025

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.