zurniimtpeМедицина труда и промышленная экологияRussian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology1026-94282618-8945FSBSI “Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health”10.31089/1026-9428-2024-64-5-340-346ukbaatzurniimtpe-3488Research ArticleКРАТКИЕ СООБЩЕНИЯBRIEF REPORTSВлияние наночастиц оксида свинца на экспрессию генов антиоксидантной системы и апоптоза в хроническом экспериментеThe effect of lead oxide nanoparticles on the expression of antioxidant system and apoptosis genes in a chronic experimenthttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8794-7288КикотьАнна МихайловнаKikotAnna M.

Младший научный сотрудник отдела молекулярной биологии и электронной микроскопии

e-mail: amrominaam@ymrc.ru

Junior Researcher, Department of Molecular Biology and Electron Microscopy

e-mail: amrominaam@ymrc.ru

amrominaam@ymrc.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4109-9268БерёзаИван АндреевичBerezaIvan A.

Научный сотрудник отдела молекулярной биологии и электронной микроскопии

e-mail: berezaia@ymrc.ru

Researcher, Department of Molecular Biology and Electron Microscopy

e-mail: berezaia@ymrc.ru

berezaia@ymrc.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7029-3406ШаиховаДарья РамильевнаShaikhovaDaria R.

Научный сотрудник отдела молекулярной биологии и электронной микроскопии

e-mail: darya.boo@mail.ru

Researcher, Department of Molecular Biology and Electron Microscopy

e-mail: darya.boo@mail.ru

darya.boo@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2677-0479РябоваЮлия ВладимировнаRyabovaYuliya V.

Зав. лабораторией научных основ биологической профилактики, канд. мед. наук

e-mail: ryabova@ymrc.ru

Head of the Laboratory of Scientific Fundamentals of Biological Prevention, Cand. of Sci. (Med.)

e-mail: ryabova@ymrc.ru

ryabova@ymrc.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0097-7845МинигалиеваИльзира АмировнаMinigalievaIlzira A.

Зав. отделом токсикологии и биопрофилактики, д-р биол. наук.

e-mail: ilzira-minigalieva@yandex.ru

Head of the Department of Toxicology and Bioprevention, Dr. of Sci. (Biol.)

e-mail: ilzira-minigalieva@yandex.ru

ilzira-minigalieva@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1743-7642СутунковаМарина ПетровнаSutunkovaMarina P.

Директор, д-р мед. наук

e-mail: sutunkova@ymrc.ru

Director, Dr. of Sci. (Med.)

e-mail: sutunkova@ymrc.ru

sutunkova@ymrc.ruФБУН «Екатеринбургский медицинский научный центр профилактики и охраны здоровья рабочих промпредприятий» РоспотребнадзораРоссияYekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial WorkersRussian Federation202420062024645340346Copyright © Кикоть А.М., Берёза И.А., Шаихова Д.Р., Рябова Ю.В., Минигалиева И.А., Сутункова М.П., 20242024Кикоть А.М., Берёза И.А., Шаихова Д.Р., Рябова Ю.В., Минигалиева И.А., Сутункова М.П.Kikot A.M., Bereza I.A., Shaikhova D.R., Ryabova Y.V., Minigalieva I.A., Sutunkova M.P.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.journal-irioh.ru/jour/article/view/3488Введение

Введение. Наночастицы оксида свинца (НЧ PbO) попадают в окружающую среду и загрязняют её в результате технологических процессов на промышленных предприятиях. Их негативное влияние на здоровье населения вызывает всё большую обеспокоенность исследователей и необходимость в изучении потенциальных рисков для здоровья от их воздействия. Изучение влияния НЧ PbO на молекулярном уровне у лабораторных животных является первой ступенью в установлении механизмов токсического действия на различные ткани и органы.

Цель исследования — изучить влияние наночастиц оксида свинца (НЧ PbO) на изменение уровня экспрессии генов антиоксидантной системы и апоптоза в хроническом эксперименте.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Белых самок крыс породы Wistar разделили на 2 группы, по 10 животных в каждой. НЧ PbO подавались в экспозиционную башню для ингаляции в установке по типу «только нос», где в специальных рестрейнерах опытная группа животных подвергалась хроническому воздействию НЧ PbO в концентрации 0,215 мг/м3 4 часа в день 5 раз в неделю в течение 8 месяцев. По окончании экспериментального периода проводили полную декапитацию животных и фиксировали фрагменты обонятельной луковицы, гиппокампа, лёгкого и печени, из которых затем выделяли тотальную РНК и синтезировали кДНК. Уровень экспрессии генов GSTP1, GSTM1, SOD2, P53 BAX, BCL-2 определяли с помощью количественной ПЦР. Для статистической обработки данных применяли непараметрический критерий Манна–Уитни.

Результаты

Результаты. Результаты исследования не выявили статистически значимых различий между уровнями экспрессии всех анализируемых генов в печени крыс. Уровень экспрессии гена GSTP1 в обонятельной луковице опытной группы был достоверно выше, а в тканях гиппокампа и лёгкого был значительно снижен по сравнению с контрольной группой. Уровни экспрессии генов P53 и BCL-2 в обонятельной луковице опытной группы были достоверно ниже, а соотношение BAX/BCL-2 значительно увеличилось по сравнению с контрольной группой.

Ограничения исследования

Ограничения исследования. Данное исследование было проведено на самках крыс линии Wistar и не рассматривает возможные межполовые различия.

Заключение

Заключение. При хронической ингаляционной экспозиции НЧ PbO в концентрации 0,215 мг/м3 4 часа в день 5 раз в неделю в течение 8 месяцев были выявлены изменения экспрессии генов в структурах головного мозга и лёгкого, но не в печени крыс. Увеличение соотношения BAX/BCL-2 свидетельствует об апоптотических процессах в ткани обонятельной луковицы. Для уточнения механизмов токсического действия НЧ PbO на молекулярном уровне необходимы дальнейшие исследования.

Этика

Этика. Заключение локального этического комитета ФБУН ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора: содержание, питание, уход за животными и выведение их из эксперимента осуществляли в соответствии с рекомендациями ARRIVE guidelines. Исследования были одобрены локальным этическим комитетом ФБУН ЕМНЦ ПОЗРПП Роспотребнадзора (протокол № 4 от 12.07.2022 г.).

Участие авторов

Участие авторов:Кикоть А.М. — концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор материала и обработка данных, написание текста;Берёза И.А. — концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор материала и обработка данных, написание текста;Шаихова Д.Р. — концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор материала и обработка данных, написание текста;Рябова Ю.В. — сбор материала и обработка данных, редактирование;Минигалиева И.А. — концепция и дизайн исследования, редактирование;Сутункова М.П. — концепция и дизайн исследования.

Финансирование

Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.

Конфликт интересов

Конфликт интересов. Авторы декларируют отсутствие явных и потенциальных конфликтов интересов в связи с публикацией данной статьи.

Дата поступления

Дата поступления: 25.04.2024 / Дата принятия к печати: 07.05.2024 / Дата публикации: 20.06.2024

Introduction

Introduction. Nanoparticles of lead oxide (NPs PbO) enter the environment and pollute it as a result of technological processes in industrial enterprises. Their negative impact on public health is of increasing concern to researchers and the need to study the potential health risks from their exposure. The study of the effect of nanoparticles of lead oxide at the molecular level in laboratory animals is the first step in establishing the mechanisms of toxic action on various tissues and organs.

The study aims to research the effect of lead oxide nanoparticles on changes in the expression level of the antioxidant system genes and apoptosis in a chronic experiment.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. The researchers divided white female Wistar rats into 2 groups of 10 individuals each. The authors supplied nanoparticles of lead oxide to the exposure tower for inhalation in the «nose only» installation, where, in special restrainers, scientists subjected animals of the experimental group to chronic exposure to NPs PbO at a concentration of 0.215 mg/m3 for 4 hours a day, 5 times a week for 8 months. At the end of the experimental period, the specialists performed a complete decapitation of the animals and recorded fragments of the olfactory bulb, hippocampus, lungs and liver, from which the authors then isolated common RNA and synthesized cDNA. The expression level of the GSTP1, GSTM1, SOD2, P53 BAX, and BCL-2 genes was determined by quantitative PCR. The researchers used the nonparametric Mann–Whitney criterion for statistical data processing.

Results

Results. The results of the study did not reveal statistically significant differences between the expression levels of all analyzed genes in the liver of rats. The expression level of the GSTP1 gene in the olfactory bulb of the experimental group was significantly higher, and in the tissues of the hippocampus and lung it was significantly reduced compared with the control group. The expression levels of the P53 and BCL-2 genes in the olfactory bulb of the experimental group were significantly lower, and the BAX/BCL-2 ratio increased significantly compared to the control group.

Limitations

Limitations. This study was conducted on female Wistar rats and does not consider possible intersex differences.

Conclusion

Conclusion. With chronic inhalation exposure tonanoparticles of lead oxide at a concentration of 0.215 mg/m3 4 hours a day, 5 times a week for 8 months, scientists have found changes in gene expression in the structures of the brain and lung, but not in the liver of rats. An increase in the BAX/BCL-2 ratio indicates apoptotic processes in the olfactory bulb tissue. Further research is needed to clarify the mechanisms of toxic action of NPs PbO at the molecular level.

Ethics

Ethics. The conclusion of the local Ethics Committee of the Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers: the maintenance, nutrition, care of animals and their removal from the experiment were carried out in accordance with the recommendations of the ARRIVE guidelines. The research was approved by the local Ethics Committee of the Yekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial Workers of Rospotrebnadzor (Protocol No. 4 dated 07/12/2022).

Contribution

Contribution:Kikot A.M. — research concept and design, material collection and data processing, writing the text;|Bereza I.A. — research concept and design, material collection and data processing, writing the text;Shaikhova D.R. — research concept and design, material collection and data processing, writing the text;Ryabova Yu.V. — material collection and data processing, editing;Minigalieva I.A. — research concept and design, editing;Sutunkova M.P. — research concept and design.

Funding

Funding. The study had no funding.

Conflict of interests

Conflict of interests. The authors declare the absence of obvious and potential conflicts of interest in connection with the publication of this article.

Received

Received: 25.04.2024 / Accepted: 07.05.2024 / Published: 20.06.2024

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.