zurniimtpeМедицина труда и промышленная экологияRussian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology1026-94282618-8945FSBSI “Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health”10.31089/1026-9428-2024-64-2-121-128ccuokbzurniimtpe-3416Research ArticleОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫLITERATURE REVIEWО механизмах кардиотоксического действия различных наночастиц в экспериментальных исследованиях in vivo и in vitroOn the mechanisms of cardiotoxic action of various nanoparticles in experimental studies in vivo and in vitrohttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0927-4062КлиноваСветлана ВладиславовнаKlinovaSvetlana V.

Заведующий лабораторией промышленной токсикологии, канд. биол. наук

e-mail: klinova.svetlana@gmail.com

The Head of Industrial Toxicology Laboratory, Cand. of Sci. (Biol.)

e-mail: klinova.svetlana@gmail.com

klinova.svetlana@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0097-7845МинигалиеваИльзира А.MinigalievaIlzira A.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1743-7642СутунковаМарина П.SutunkovaMarina P.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0003-0780-5733НикогосянКарен М.NikogosyanKaren M.noemail@neicon.ruФБУН «Екатеринбургский медицинский–научный центр профилактики и охраны здоровья рабочих промпредприятий» РоспотребнадзораРоссияYekaterinburg Medical Research Center for Prophylaxis and Health Protection in Industrial WorkersRussian Federation202414032024642121128Copyright © Клинова С.В., Минигалиева И.А., Сутункова М.П., Никогосян К.М., 20242024Клинова С.В., Минигалиева И.А., Сутункова М.П., Никогосян К.М.Klinova S.V., Minigalieva I.A., Sutunkova M.P., Nikogosyan K.M.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.journal-irioh.ru/jour/article/view/3416

Наночастицы являются основным продуктом искусственных технологий, а также сопутствуют производственным процессам в различных отраслях промышленности. Основные пути воздействия наночастиц — через дыхательные пути, кожу и перорально; поэтому большинство токсикологических исследований были сосредоточены на лёгких, печени и коже. Наноразмерные частицы легко проникают через альвеолярно-капиллярный барьер и попадают в кровоток организма. Таким образом они могут достигать различных органов, накапливаться, вызывать токсичность, и сердце является одним из органов-мишеней.

Целью данной работы являлись поиск и систематизация литературных данных о механизмах кардиотоксического действия наночастиц различной химической природы (элементных, элементоксидных).

В рамках исследования по изучению кардиотоксического действия наночастиц на организм был выполнен обзор литературы, основанный на современных оригинальных исследованиях. При поиске литературных источников были использованы следующие информационные базы данных: PubMed, Google Scholar, Научная электронная библиотека «КиберЛенинка», российская научная электронная библиотека eLibrary.Ru. Всего в обзоре было использовано 37 оригинальных статей, в том числе 35 — иностранных, 15 — не старше 5 лет.

Кардиотоксичность наноматериалов формируются развитием окислительного стресса и воспалительной реакции, что приводит к некрозу и апоптозу клеток. Показатели окислительного повреждения липидов и молекул ДНК указывают на то, что ткани сердца и лёгких страдают от окислительного стресса не только в результате увеличения образования активных форм кислорода, но и вследствие нарушения работы антиоксидантных механизмов, вызванного воздействием наночастиц. Исследования с использованием эндотелиальных клеток показали, что воздействие металлических и металоксидных наночастиц может способствовать высвобождению цитокинов, экспрессии молекул адгезии и адгезии моноцитов, которые являются ключевыми событиями, связанными с развитием сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. Эти результаты в сочетании с другими данными in vitro позволяют предположить, что прямой контакт сердечно-сосудистой системы с наночастицами на основе металлов может вызывать сердечно-сосудистую токсичность, связанную с воспалительными реакциями, окислительным стрессом, дисфункцией аутофагии и стрессом эндоплазматического ретикулума. Индуцированный наночастицами окислительный стресс приводит к апоптозу и воспалительным реакциям в кардиомиоцитах, а также нарушает целостность митохондриальных мембран и органелл клетки, приводя к различным патологиям сердца. Одним из основных механизмов токсичности наночастиц разной химической природы является окислительный стресс.

Участие авторов

Участие авторов:Клинова С.В. — обзор литературы, подготовка рукописи статьи;Минигалиева И.А. — концепция и дизайн исследования;Сутункова М.П. — концепция и дизайн исследования;Никогосян К.М. — обзор литературы, подготовка рукописи статьи.

Финансирование

Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.

Конфликт интересов

Конфликт интересов. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.

Дата поступления

Дата поступления: 29.11.2023 / Дата принятия к печати: 21.12.2023 / Дата публикации: 15.03.2024

Nanoparticles are the main product of artificial technologies, and also accompany production processes in various industries. The main routes of exposure to nanoparticles are through the respiratory tract, skin and orally; therefore, most toxicological studies have focused on the lungs, liver and skin. Nanoscale particles easily penetrate the alveolar-capillary barrier and enter the bloodstream of the body. Thus, they can reach various organs, accumulate, cause toxicity, and the heart is one of the target organs.

The study aims to search and systematize the literature data on the mechanisms of cardiotoxic action of nanoparticles of various chemical nature (elemental, elementoxide).

The researchers conducted a literature review as part of a study of the cardiotoxic effect of nanoparticles on the body. The review is based on modern original research. When searching for literary sources, the authors used the following information databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, CyberLeninka Scientific Electronic Library, Russian Scientific Electronic Library eLibrary.Ru. In total, there were 37 original articles in the review, including 35 foreign ones, and 15 — no older than 5 years. The development of oxidative stress and an inflammatory reaction leads to the formation of cardiotoxicity of nanomaterials, which subsequently leads to necrosis and apoptosis of cells.

Indicators of oxidative damage to lipids and DNA molecules indicate that the tissues of the heart and lungs suffer from oxidative stress not only as a result of an increase in the formation of reactive oxygen species, but also due to a malfunction of antioxidant mechanisms caused by exposure to nanoparticles.

Studies using endothelial cells have shown that exposure to metal and metal oxide nanoparticles can promote the release of cytokines, the expression of adhesion molecules and monocyte adhesion, which are key events associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases.

These results, combined with other in vitro data, suggest that direct contact of the cardiovascular system with metal-based nanoparticles may cause cardiovascular toxicity associated with inflammatory reactions, oxidative stress, autophagy dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Oxidative stress induced by nanoparticles leads to apoptosis and inflammatory reactions in cardiomyocytes, as well as disrupts the integrity of mitochondrial membranes and cell organelles, leading to various heart pathologies. One of the main mechanisms of toxicity of nanoparticles of different chemical nature is oxidative stress.

Contribution

Contribution:Klinova S.V. — literature review, preparation of the manuscript of the article;Minigalieva I.A. — concept and design of the study;Sutunkova M.P. — concept and design of the study;Nikogosyan K.M. — literature review, preparation of the manuscript of the article.

Funding

Funding. The study had no funding.

Conflict of interests

Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests.

Received

Received: 29.11.2023 / Accepted: 21.12.2023 / Published: 15.03.2024

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.