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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zurniimtpe</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицина труда и промышленная экология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1026-9428</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-8945</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBSI “Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31089/1026-9428-2023-63-12-802-809</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">gsyrsz</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zurniimtpe-3351</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Отдалённые последствия воздействия дыма лесных пожаров на центральную нервную систему белых крыс в условиях экспериментального моделирования</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Long-term consequences of wildfire smoke exposure on the central nervous system of rats in experimental modeling</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3709-8676</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андреева</surname><given-names>Елизавета Сергеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Andreeva</surname><given-names>Elizaveta S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Младший научный сотрудник лаборатории биомоделирования и трансляционной медицины ФГБНУ «Восточно-Сибирский институт медико-экологических исследований»</p><p>e-mail: liza.2995@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior researcher of East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research</p><p>e-mail: liza.2995@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">liza.2995@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6100-6292</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новиков</surname><given-names>Михаил А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Novikov</surname><given-names>Mikhail A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0665-8060</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Титов</surname><given-names>Евгений А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Titov</surname><given-names>Evgeniy A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Восточно-Сибирский институт медико-экологических исследований»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>01</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>63</volume><issue>12</issue><fpage>802</fpage><lpage>809</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Андреева Е.С., Новиков М.А., Титов Е.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Андреева Е.С., Новиков М.А., Титов Е.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Andreeva E.S., Novikov M.A., Titov E.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.journal-irioh.ru/jour/article/view/3351">https://www.journal-irioh.ru/jour/article/view/3351</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Ежегодное повышение температуры воздуха является одной из причин возникновения масштабных разрушительных пожаров во всём мире. Последствия негативного воздействия загрязнения воздуха в период лесных пожаров на дыхательную и сердечно-сосудистую системы достаточно широко изучены. При этом недостаточно внимания уделяется влиянию дыма лесных пожаров на работу центральной нервной системы.</p><p>Цель исследования — изучить морфофункциональное состояние центральной нервной системы белых крыс-самцов при длительном воздействии дыма лесного пожара.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Исследование проведено на 60 беспородных белых половозрелых крысах-самцах массой 200–220 граммов. Животных опытной группы (n=30) подвергали ежедневному ингаляционному воздействию дыма на протяжении 4 недель по 4 часа в день, 5 дней в неделю. Крысам контрольной группы (n=30) в камеру подавался чистый воздух. Обследование экспонированных дымом животных проводили в два этапа. На первом этапе оценивали морфофункциональное состояние центральной нервной системы экспериментальных животных через 24 часа после окончания экспозиции. На втором этапе — через 60 дней после воздействия (отдалённый период). Обследование включало в себя анализ показателей поведения и когнитивных способностей животных, а также гистологию и морфометрию ткани сенсомоторной коры головного мозга.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Анализ результатов исследуемых показателей свидетельствует о снижении у экспонированных дымом животных двигательной и исследовательской активности, а также нарушении способности к навигационному научению и пространственной памяти. В структуре ткани сенсомоторной коры головного мозга обнаружены множественные очаги нейронофагии, увеличение количества дегенеративно изменённых нейронов, образование глиальных узелков и расширение периваскулярных пространств. При этом результаты обследования в отдалённом периоде свидетельствовали об отсутствии полного восстановления выявленных нарушений.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Результаты экспериментального моделирования выявили причинно-следственные связи между воздействием дыма лесного пожара и нарушением показателей морфофункционального состояния центральной нервной системы.</p></sec><sec><title>Этика</title><p>Этика. Исследование проведено с соблюдением правил гуманного отношения к животным в соответствии с Хельсинкской декларацией Всемирной медицинской ассоциации о гуманном отношении к животным (редакция — октябрь 2008 г.), согласно требованиям Европейской конвенции о защите позвоночных животных, используемых для экспериментов или в иных научных целях (ETS № 123), директивы Европейского парламента и Совета Европейского Союза 2010/63/EC от 22.09.2010 г. о защите животных, использующихся для научных целей. На проведение экспериментов было получено разрешение Локального этического комитета ФГБНУ ВСИМЭИ (протокол № 32/19 от 10.05.2019).</p></sec><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов:Андреева Е.С — концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор и обработка данных, написание текста, редактирование;Новиков М.А. — концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор и обработка данных;Титов Е.А. — концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор и обработка данных.</p></sec><sec><title>Благодарности</title><p>Благодарности. Автор выражает благодарность сотрудникам лаборатории биомоделирования и трансляционной медицины и лаборатории аналитической экотоксикологии и биомониторинга ФГБНУ ВСИМЭИ за помощь в проведении исследования.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Работа выполнялась по плану НИР в рамках государственного задания.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.</p></sec><sec><title>Дата поступления</title><p>Дата поступления: 20.11.2023 / Дата принятия к печати: 10.12.2023 / Дата публикации: 29.12.2023</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The annual increase in air temperature is one of the reasons for the occurrence of large-scale destructive fires throughout the world. The consequences of the negative impact of air pollution during forest fires on the respiratory and cardiovascular systems have been widely and well studied. At the same time, insufficient attention is paid to the influence of forest fire smoke on the functioning of the central nervous system.</p><p>The study aims to study the morphofunctional state of the central nervous system of white male rats under prolonged exposure to forest fire smoke.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The study was conducted on 60 outbred white mature male rats weighing 200–220 grams. Animals in the experimental group (n=30) were exposed to daily smoke inhalation for 4 weeks, 4 hours a day, 5 days a week. Rats in the control group (n=30) were supplied with clean air into the chamber. The examination of animals exposed to smoke was carried out in two stages. At the first stage, the morphofunctional state of experimental animals was assessed 24 hours after the end of exposure. At the second stage — 60 days after exposure (long-term period). The examination included an analysis of indicators of the central nervous system: histology and morphometry of the brain.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Analysis of the results of the studied indicators indicates a decrease in motor and exploratory activity in animals exposed to smoke, as well as impairment of the ability to navigate and spatial memory. In the tissue structure of the sensorimotor cerebral cortex, multiple foci of neuronophagia, an increase in the number of degeneratively changed neurons, the formation of glial nodules and expansion of perivascular spaces were found. At the same time, the results of the examination in the long-term period indicated the absence of complete restoration of the identified violations.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The results of experimental modeling revealed cause-and-effect relationships between exposure to forest fire smoke and disturbances in the morphofunctional state of the central nervous system.</p></sec><sec><title>Limitations</title><p>Limitations. The study is limited to studying the effects of prolonged 4 weeks, 5 days a week, 4 hours a day, exposure to wildfire smoke on outbred male white rats.</p></sec><sec><title>Ethics</title><p>Ethics. The study was conducted in compliance with the rules of humane treatment of animals in accordance with the Helsinki Association of the World Medical Association for the Humane Treatment of Animals (edition — October 2008) in accordance with the requirements of applicability to the protection of vertebrate animals or in another scientific research (ETS). No. 123), Directive 2010/63/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of the European Union of September 22, 2010, on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes. Permission was obtained from the Local Ethics Committee of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution VSIMEI to conduct experiments (protocol No. 32/19 dated May 10, 2019).</p></sec><sec><title>Contribution</title><p>Contribution:Andreeva E.S. — the concept and design of the study, data collection and processing, writing the text, editing;Novikov M.A. — the concept and design of the study, data collection and processing;Titov E.A. — the concept and design of the study, data collection and processing.</p></sec><sec><title>Acknowledgment</title><p>Acknowledgment. The author expresses his gratitude to the staff of the Laboratory of Biomodeling and Translational Medicine and the Laboratory of Analytical Ecotoxicology and Biomonitoring of the East-Siberian Institute of Medical and Ecological Research for their assistance in the study.</p></sec><sec><title>Funding</title><p>Funding. The work was carried out according to the research plan within the framework of the state task.</p></sec><sec><title>Conflict of interests</title><p>Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interest.</p></sec><sec><title>Received</title><p>Received: 20.11.2023 / Accepted: 10.12.2023 / Published: 29.12.2023</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дым лесного пожара</kwd><kwd>белые крысы</kwd><kwd>морфометрия нервной ткани</kwd><kwd>этологическая структура поведения</kwd><kwd>лесные пожарные</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>biomass wildfire smoke</kwd><kwd>white rats</kwd><kwd>morphometry of nervous tissue</kwd><kwd>ethological structure of behavior</kwd><kwd>firefighters</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Romanello M., McGushin A., Napoli C.D., Drummond P., Hughes N., Jamart L., et al. 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