zurniimtpeМедицина труда и промышленная экологияRussian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology1026-94282618-8945FSBSI “Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health”10.31089/1026-9428-2023-63-11-715-722xjhmcczurniimtpe-3331Research ArticleОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫLITERATURE REVIEWОсобенности влияния технологий виртуальной реальности на состояние здоровья работниковThe impact of virtual reality technologies on the health of employeeshttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5704-0650ГлуховДмитрий ВалерьевичGlukhovDmitrij V.

Глав. науч. сотр. лаб. физиологии труда и профилактической эргономики ФГБНУ «НИИ МТ», д-р мед. наук

e-mail: d.gluhov@irioh.ru

The сhief researcher at physiology of labor and preventive ergonomics laboratory, Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health, Dr. of Sci. (Med.)

e-mail: d.gluhov@irioh.ru

d.gluhov@irioh.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4603-8034КалининаСветлана А.KalininaSvetlana A.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0180-5754МеркуловаАнастасия Г.MerkulovaAnastasiya G.noemail@neicon.ruФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт медицины труда имени академика Н.Ф. Измерова»РоссияIzmerov Research Institute of Occupational HealthRussian FederationФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт медицины труда имени академика Н.Ф. Измерова»; ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский университет)РоссияIzmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)Russian Federation2023151220236311715722Copyright © Глухов Д.В., Калинина С.А., Меркулова А.Г., 20232023Глухов Д.В., Калинина С.А., Меркулова А.Г.Glukhov D.V., Kalinina S.A., Merkulova A.G.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.journal-irioh.ru/jour/article/view/3331

Представлен обзор исследований по влиянию виртуальной реальности на функциональное состояние и здоровье человека. Актуальность работы обусловлена ростом интереса к использованию VR-технологий в промышленности, образовательном процессе, в медицине и других областях. При этом известно, что различные побочные эффекты испытывают более 80% пользователей.

С целью изучения особенностей воздействия на организм человека негативных эффектов нахождения в виртуальной среде проанализированы более 60 зарубежных литературных источников.

Проведённый анализ научных публикаций показал, что большинство из них посвящено изучению киберболезни, хотя исследователи отмечают и другие негативные симптомы и эффекты, вызванные виртуальной реальностью: зрительное и мышечное утомление, острый стресс и умственное переутомление. Выделены три группы факторов, влияющих на развитие побочных эффектов: индивидуальные, факторы аппаратного и программного обеспечения. Установлено, что наибольшее влияние на состояние пользователя оказывают характеристики визуального дисплея.

Недостатком большинства исследований является использование метода анкетирования, а также оценка влияния кратковременной работы в расширенных средах на организм человека. Рассмотренные в данной статье вопросы формируют направления для дальнейших исследований в области взаимодействия человека и виртуальной среды.

Участие авторов

Участие авторов:Глухов Д.В. — редактирование;Калинина С.А. — сбор материала, написание текста;Меркулова А.Г. — сбор материала, написание текста.Все авторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи, концепция исследования.

Конфликт интересов

Конфликт интересов. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.

Финансирование

Финансирование. Работа не имела спонсорской поддержки.

Дата поступления

Дата поступления: 11.09.2023 / Дата принятия к печати: 30.10.2023 / Дата публикации: 15.12.2023

The article is a review of research on the impact of virtual reality on the functional state and human health. The relevance of the work is due to the growing interest in the use of virtual reality technologies in industry, education, medicine and other fields. At the same time, it is known that more than 80% of users have various side effects.

The authors have analyzed more than 60 foreign literary sources in order to study the peculiarities of the negative effects of being in a virtual environment on human organisms.

An analysis of scientific publications has shown that most of them are devoted to the study of cyber sickness, although researchers note other negative symptoms and effects caused by virtual reality: visual and muscle fatigue, acute stress and mental fatigue. We identified three groups of factors influencing the development of side effects: individual, hardware and software factors, and found that the characteristics of the visual display have the greatest impact on the user's condition.

The disadvantage of most studies is the use of the questionnaire method, as well as the assessment of the impact of short-term work in extended environments on the human body.

The issues discussed in this article form the directions for further research in the field of human interaction and the virtual environment.

Contribution

Contribution:Glukhov D.V. — editing;Kalinina S.A. — collecting material, writing the text;Merkulova A.G. — collecting material, writing the text.All authors — approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article, the concept of the study.

Funding

Funding. The work had no funding.

Conflict of interests

Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests.

Received

Received: 11.09.2023 / Accepted: 30.10.2023 / Published: 15.12.2023

виртуальная реальностьдополненная реальностьVRISEкиберболезньvirtual realityaugmented realityvirtual reality-induced symptoms and effects (VRISE)cybersicknessReferencesHamilton D., McKechnie J., Edgerton E., Wilson C. Immersive virtual reality as a pedagogical tool in education: a systematic literature review of quantitative learning outcomes and experimental design. Journal of Computers in Education. 2020; 8: 1–32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40692-020-00169-2Hamilton D., McKechnie J., Edgerton E., Wilson C. Immersive virtual reality as a pedagogical tool in education: a systematic literature review of quantitative learning outcomes and experimental design. Journal of Computers in Education. 2020; 8: 1–32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40692-020-00169-2Huang T.L., Liao S.L. Creating e-shopping multisensory flow experience through augmented-reality interactive technology. Internet Research. 2017; 27(2): 449–75. https://doi.org/10.1108/IntR-11-2015-0321Huang T.L., Liao S.L. Creating e-shopping multisensory flow experience through augmented-reality interactive technology. Internet Research. 2017; 27(2): 449–75. https://doi.org/10.1108/IntR-11-2015-0321Arino J.J., Juan M.C., Gil-Gomez J.A., Molla R. A comparative study using an autostereoscopic display with augmented and virtual reality. Behaviour & Information Technology. 2014; 33: 646–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2013.815277Arino J.J., Juan M.C., Gil-Gomez J.A., Molla R. A comparative study using an autostereoscopic display with augmented and virtual reality. Behaviour & Information Technology. 2014; 33: 646–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2013.815277Huang T.C., Chen C.C., Chou Y.W. Animating eco-education: To see, feel, and discover in an augmented reality-based experiential learning environment. Computers & Education. 2016; 96: 72–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2016.02.008Huang T.C., Chen C.C., Chou Y.W. Animating eco-education: To see, feel, and discover in an augmented reality-based experiential learning environment. Computers & Education. 2016; 96: 72–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2016.02.008De Oliveira Malaquias F.F., Malaquias R.F. The role of virtual reality in the learning process of individuals with intellectual disabilities. Technology and Disability. 2017; 28(4): 133–38. https://doi.org/10.3233/TAD-160454De Oliveira Malaquias F.F., Malaquias R.F. The role of virtual reality in the learning process of individuals with intellectual disabilities. Technology and Disability. 2017; 28(4): 133–38. https://doi.org/10.3233/TAD-160454Fonseca D., Martí N., Redondo E., Navarro I., Sanchez A. Relationship between student profile, tool use, participation, and academic performance with the use of Augmented Reality technology for visualized architecture models. Computers in Human Behavior. 2014; 31: 434–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.03.006Fonseca D., Martí N., Redondo E., Navarro I., Sanchez A. Relationship between student profile, tool use, participation, and academic performance with the use of Augmented Reality technology for visualized architecture models. Computers in Human Behavior. 2014; 31: 434–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.03.006Huang H.M., Rauch U., Liaw S.S. Investigating learners’ attitudes toward virtual reality learning environments: Based on a constructivist approach. Computers & Education. 2010; 55: 1171–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2010.05.014Huang H.M., Rauch U., Liaw S.S. Investigating learners’ attitudes toward virtual reality learning environments: Based on a constructivist approach. Computers & Education. 2010; 55: 1171–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2010.05.014Morélot S., Garrigoua A., Dedieua J., N’Kaouab B. Virtual reality for fire safety training: Influence of immersion and sense of presence on conceptual and procedural acquisition. Computers & Education. 2021; 166: 104–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2021.104145Morélot S., Garrigoua A., Dedieua J., N’Kaouab B. Virtual reality for fire safety training: Influence of immersion and sense of presence on conceptual and procedural acquisition. Computers & Education. 2021; 166: 104–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2021.104145Champney R., Stanney K., Milham L., Carroll M., Cohn J. An examination of virtual environment training fidelity on training effectiveness. International Journal of Learning Technology. 2017; 12: 42–65. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJLT.2017.083997Champney R., Stanney K., Milham L., Carroll M., Cohn J. An examination of virtual environment training fidelity on training effectiveness. International Journal of Learning Technology. 2017; 12: 42–65. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJLT.2017.083997Awada M., Zhu R., Becerik-Gerber B., Lucas G., Southers E. An integrated emotional and physiological assessment for VR-based active shooter incident experiments. Advanced Engineering Informatics. 2021; 47: 101227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aei.2020.101227Awada M., Zhu R., Becerik-Gerber B., Lucas G., Southers E. An integrated emotional and physiological assessment for VR-based active shooter incident experiments. Advanced Engineering Informatics. 2021; 47: 101227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aei.2020.101227Kavanagh S., Luxton-Reilly A., Wünsche B., Plimmer B. A systematic review of Virtual Reality in education. Themes in Science and Technology Education. 2017; 10(2): 85–119.Kavanagh S., Luxton-Reilly A., Wünsche B., Plimmer B. A systematic review of Virtual Reality in education. Themes in Science and Technology Education. 2017; 10(2): 85–119.Williams-Bell F.M., Kapralos B., Hogue A., Murphy B.M., Weckman E.J. Using serious games and virtual simulation for training in the fire Service. A review Fire Technology. 2015; 51(3): 553–84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10694-014-0398-1Williams-Bell F.M., Kapralos B., Hogue A., Murphy B.M., Weckman E.J. Using serious games and virtual simulation for training in the fire Service. A review Fire Technology. 2015; 51(3): 553–84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10694-014-0398-1Piechowski S., Pustowalow W., Arz M., Rittweger J., Mulder E., Wolf O.T. et al. Virtual reality as training aid for manual spacecraft docking. Acta Astronautica. 2020; 177: 731–736. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2020.08.017Piechowski S., Pustowalow W., Arz M., Rittweger J., Mulder E., Wolf O.T. et al. Virtual reality as training aid for manual spacecraft docking. Acta Astronautica. 2020; 177: 731–736. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2020.08.017Joshi S., Hamilton M., Warren R., Faucett D., Tian W., Wang Y. et al. Implementing Virtual Reality technology for safety training in the precast/prestressed concrete industry. Applied ergonomics. 2021; 90: 103286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2020.103286Joshi S., Hamilton M., Warren R., Faucett D., Tian W., Wang Y. et al. Implementing Virtual Reality technology for safety training in the precast/prestressed concrete industry. Applied ergonomics. 2021; 90: 103286. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2020.103286Fracaro S.G., Chan P., Gallagher T., Tehreem Y., Toyoda R., Bernaerts K. et al. Towards design guidelines for virtual reality training for the chemical industry. Education for Chemical Engineers. 2021; 36: 12–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ece.2021.01.014Fracaro S.G., Chan P., Gallagher T., Tehreem Y., Toyoda R., Bernaerts K. et al. Towards design guidelines for virtual reality training for the chemical industry. Education for Chemical Engineers. 2021; 36: 12–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ece.2021.01.014Firu A.C., Tapîrdea A.I., Feier A.I., Drăghici G. Virtual reality in the automotive field in industry 4.0. Materials Today: Proceedings. 2021; 45(5): 4177–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.12.037Firu A.C., Tapîrdea A.I., Feier A.I., Drăghici G. Virtual reality in the automotive field in industry 4.0. Materials Today: Proceedings. 2021; 45(5): 4177–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.12.037De Clerk M., Dangelmaier M., Schmierer G., Spath D. User Centered Design of Interaction Techniques for VR-Based Automotive Design Reviews. Frontiers in Robotics and AI. 2019; 6: 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2019.00013De Clerk M., Dangelmaier M., Schmierer G., Spath D. User Centered Design of Interaction Techniques for VR-Based Automotive Design Reviews. Frontiers in Robotics and AI. 2019; 6: 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2019.00013Zhao H., Zhao Q.H., Ślusarczyk B. Sustainability and digitalization of corporate management based on augmented/virtual reality tools usage: China and other world IT companies’ experience. Sustainability. 2019; 11(17): 4717. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11174717Zhao H., Zhao Q.H., Ślusarczyk B. Sustainability and digitalization of corporate management based on augmented/virtual reality tools usage: China and other world IT companies’ experience. Sustainability. 2019; 11(17): 4717. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11174717Khandelwal K., Upadhyay A.K. Virtual reality interventions in developing and managing human resources. Human Resource Development International. 2021; 24(2): 219–33. https://doi.org/10.1080/13678868.2019.1569920Khandelwal K., Upadhyay A.K. Virtual reality interventions in developing and managing human resources. Human Resource Development International. 2021; 24(2): 219–33. https://doi.org/10.1080/13678868.2019.1569920Souchet A.D., Lourdeaux D., Pagani A., Rebenitsch L. A narrative review of immersive virtual reality’s ergonomics and risks at the workplace: cybersickness, visual fatigue, muscular fatigue, acute stress, and mental overload. Virtual Reality. 2023; 27(1): 19–50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-022-00672-0Souchet A.D., Lourdeaux D., Pagani A., Rebenitsch L. A narrative review of immersive virtual reality’s ergonomics and risks at the workplace: cybersickness, visual fatigue, muscular fatigue, acute stress, and mental overload. Virtual Reality. 2023; 27(1): 19–50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-022-00672-0Qiao J., Xu J., Li L., Ouyang Y.Q. The integration of immersive virtual reality simulation in interprofessional education: A scoping review. Nurse Education Today. 2021; 98: 104773. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2021.104773Qiao J., Xu J., Li L., Ouyang Y.Q. The integration of immersive virtual reality simulation in interprofessional education: A scoping review. Nurse Education Today. 2021; 98: 104773. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2021.104773Yan C., Wu T., Huang K., He J., Liu H., Hong Y. et al. The Application of Virtual Reality in Cervical Spinal Surgery: A Review. World Neurosurgery. 2021; 145: 108–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2020.09.040Yan C., Wu T., Huang K., He J., Liu H., Hong Y. et al. The Application of Virtual Reality in Cervical Spinal Surgery: A Review. World Neurosurgery. 2021; 145: 108–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2020.09.040García-Bravo S., Cuesta-Gómez A., Campuzano-Ruiz R., López-Navas M.J., Domínguez-Paniagua J., Araújo-Narváez A. et al. Virtual reality and video games in cardiac rehabilitation programs. A systematic review. Disability and rehabilitation. 2021; 43(4): 448–57. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2019.1631892García-Bravo S., Cuesta-Gómez A., Campuzano-Ruiz R., López-Navas M.J., Domínguez-Paniagua J., Araújo-Narváez A. et al. Virtual reality and video games in cardiac rehabilitation programs. A systematic review. Disability and rehabilitation. 2021; 43(4): 448–57. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2019.1631892Leemhuis E., Esposito R.M., Gennaro L.D., Pazzaglia M. Go Virtual to Get Real: Virtual Reality as a Resource for Spinal Cord Treatment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(4): 1819. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041819Leemhuis E., Esposito R.M., Gennaro L.D., Pazzaglia M. Go Virtual to Get Real: Virtual Reality as a Resource for Spinal Cord Treatment. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(4): 1819. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041819Puel F., Minville V., Vardon-Bounes F. What place for virtual reality in the intensive care unit during medical procedures? Journal of Intensive Care. 2021; 9(1): 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40560-021-00545-9Puel F., Minville V., Vardon-Bounes F. What place for virtual reality in the intensive care unit during medical procedures? Journal of Intensive Care. 2021; 9(1): 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40560-021-00545-9Rutkowski S., Szczegielniak J., Szczepańska-Gieracha J. Evaluation of the efficacy of immersive virtual reality therapy as a method supporting pulmonary rehabilitation: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2021; 10(2): 352. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10020352Rutkowski S., Szczegielniak J., Szczepańska-Gieracha J. Evaluation of the efficacy of immersive virtual reality therapy as a method supporting pulmonary rehabilitation: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2021; 10(2): 352. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10020352Li R., Tong Y., Yang T., Guo J., Si W., Zhang Y. et al. Towards Quantitative and Intuitive Percutaneous Tumor Puncture via Augmented Virtual Reality. Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics. 2021; 90: 101905. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compmedimag.2021.101905Li R., Tong Y., Yang T., Guo J., Si W., Zhang Y. et al. Towards Quantitative and Intuitive Percutaneous Tumor Puncture via Augmented Virtual Reality. Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics. 2021; 90: 101905. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compmedimag.2021.101905Geraets C.N., van der Stouwe E.C., Pot-Kolder R., Veling W. Advances in immersive virtual reality interventions for mental disorders–a new reality? Current opinion in psychology. 2021; 41: 40–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.02.004Geraets C.N., van der Stouwe E.C., Pot-Kolder R., Veling W. Advances in immersive virtual reality interventions for mental disorders–a new reality? Current opinion in psychology. 2021; 41: 40–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.02.004Huang B., Li S., Sun B., Xu W., Jiao J., Pan F. et al. Verification of using virtual reality to evaluate deficiencies in cognitive function among patients with schizophrenia in the remission stage: a cross-sectional study. BMC psychiatry. 2021; 21(1): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-03029-6Huang B., Li S., Sun B., Xu W., Jiao J., Pan F. et al. Verification of using virtual reality to evaluate deficiencies in cognitive function among patients with schizophrenia in the remission stage: a cross-sectional study. BMC psychiatry. 2021; 21(1): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-03029-6Rose V., Stewart I., Jenkins K.G., Tabbaa L., Ang C.S., Matsangidou M. Bringing the outside in: The feasibility of virtual reality with people with dementia in an inpatient psychiatric care setting. Dementia. 2021; 20(1): 106–29. https://doi.org/10.1177/1471301219868036Rose V., Stewart I., Jenkins K.G., Tabbaa L., Ang C.S., Matsangidou M. Bringing the outside in: The feasibility of virtual reality with people with dementia in an inpatient psychiatric care setting. Dementia. 2021; 20(1): 106–29. https://doi.org/10.1177/1471301219868036De Luca R., Leonardi S., Portaro S., Le Cause M., De Domenico C., Colucci P.V. et al. Innovative use of virtual reality in autism spectrum disorder: A case-study. Applied Neuropsychology: Child. 2021; 10(1): 90–100. https://doi.org/10.1080/21622965.2019.1610964De Luca R., Leonardi S., Portaro S., Le Cause M., De Domenico C., Colucci P.V. et al. Innovative use of virtual reality in autism spectrum disorder: A case-study. Applied Neuropsychology: Child. 2021; 10(1): 90–100. https://doi.org/10.1080/21622965.2019.1610964European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, Digitalisation and occupational safety and health (OSH): an EU-OSHA research programme, Publications Office of the European Union, 2020. https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2802/559587European Agency for Safety and Health at Work, Digitalisation and occupational safety and health (OSH): an EU-OSHA research programme, Publications Office of the European Union, 2020. https://data.europa.eu/doi/10.2802/559587Milgram P., Takemura H., Utsumi A., Kishino F. Augmented reality: A class of displays on the reality-virtuality continuum. Telemanipulator and telepresence technologies. 1995; 2351: 282–92. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.197321Milgram P., Takemura H., Utsumi A., Kishino F. Augmented reality: A class of displays on the reality-virtuality continuum. Telemanipulator and telepresence technologies. 1995; 2351: 282–92. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.197321Cardenas-Robledo L.A., Hernández-Uribe Ó., Reta C., Cantoral-Ceballos J.A. Extended reality applications in industry 4.0. — A systematic literature review. Telematics and Informatics. 2022; 73: 101863. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2022.101863Cardenas-Robledo L.A., Hernández-Uribe Ó., Reta C., Cantoral-Ceballos J.A. Extended reality applications in industry 4.0. — A systematic literature review. Telematics and Informatics. 2022; 73: 101863. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2022.101863Cobb S.V.G., Nichols S., Ramsey A., Wilson J.R. Virtual reality-induced symptoms and effects (VRISE). Presence. 1999; 8: 169–86. https://doi.org/10.1162/105474699566152Cobb S.V.G., Nichols S., Ramsey A., Wilson J.R. Virtual reality-induced symptoms and effects (VRISE). Presence. 1999; 8: 169–86. https://doi.org/10.1162/105474699566152LaValle S.M. Virtual reality. Cambridge University Press; 2019.LaValle S.M. Virtual reality. Cambridge University Press; 2019.Stanney K., Lawson B.D., Rokers B., Dennison M., Fidopiastis C., Stoffregen T. et al. (2020b). Identifying causes of and solutions for cybersickness in immersive technology: reformulation of a research and development agenda. Int. J. Hum. Comput. Interact. 2020; 36: 1783–803. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2020.1828535Stanney K., Lawson B.D., Rokers B., Dennison M., Fidopiastis C., Stoffregen T. et al. (2020b). Identifying causes of and solutions for cybersickness in immersive technology: reformulation of a research and development agenda. Int. J. Hum. Comput. Interact. 2020; 36: 1783–803. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2020.1828535Ohyama S., Nishiike S., Watanabe H., Matsuoka K., Akizuki H., Takeda N. et al. Autonomic responses during motion sickness induced by virtual reality. Auris Nasus Larynx. 2007; 34: 303–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anl.2007.01.002Ohyama S., Nishiike S., Watanabe H., Matsuoka K., Akizuki H., Takeda N. et al. Autonomic responses during motion sickness induced by virtual reality. Auris Nasus Larynx. 2007; 34: 303–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anl.2007.01.002Handbook of virtual environments: design, implementation, and applications, second edition. ed. K.S. Hale, K.M. Stanney. CRC Press; 2014. https://doi.org/10.1201/b17360Handbook of virtual environments: design, implementation, and applications, second edition. ed. K.S. Hale, K.M. Stanney. CRC Press; 2014. https://doi.org/10.1201/b17360Chan Z., MacPhail A., Au I., Zhang J., Lam B.M., Ferber R., Cheung R.T. Walking with head-mounted virtual and augmented reality devices: Effects on position control and gait biomechanics. PLoS ONE. 2019; 14(12): e0225972. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225972Chan Z., MacPhail A., Au I., Zhang J., Lam B.M., Ferber R., Cheung R.T. Walking with head-mounted virtual and augmented reality devices: Effects on position control and gait biomechanics. PLoS ONE. 2019; 14(12): e0225972. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0225972Souchet A.D., Lourdeaux D., Burkhardt J.M., Hancock P.A. Design guidelines for limiting and eliminating virtual reality-induced symptoms and effects at work: a comprehensive, factor-oriented review. Frontiers in Psychology. 2023; 14: 1161932. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1161932Souchet A.D., Lourdeaux D., Burkhardt J.M., Hancock P.A. Design guidelines for limiting and eliminating virtual reality-induced symptoms and effects at work: a comprehensive, factor-oriented review. Frontiers in Psychology. 2023; 14: 1161932. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1161932Stanney K.M., Kennedy R.S. Aftereffects from virtual environment exposure: How long do they last? Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting. 1998; 48(2): 1476–80. https://doi.org/10.1177/154193129804202103Stanney K.M., Kennedy R.S. Aftereffects from virtual environment exposure: How long do they last? Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting. 1998; 48(2): 1476–80. https://doi.org/10.1177/154193129804202103Moss J.D., Muth E.R. Characteristics of head-mounted displays and their effects on simulator sickness. Human Factors. 2011; 53: 308–19. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720811405196Moss J.D., Muth E.R. Characteristics of head-mounted displays and their effects on simulator sickness. Human Factors. 2011; 53: 308–19. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720811405196Keshavarz B., Ramkhalawansingh R., Haycock B., Shahab S., Campos J.L. Comparing simulator sickness in younger and older adults during simulated driving under different multisensory conditions. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. 2018; 54: 47–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2018.01.007Keshavarz B., Ramkhalawansingh R., Haycock B., Shahab S., Campos J.L. Comparing simulator sickness in younger and older adults during simulated driving under different multisensory conditions. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour. 2018; 54: 47–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2018.01.007Kourtesis P., Collina S., Doumas L., MacPherson S. Validation of the Virtual Reality Neuroscience Questionnaire: Maximum Duration of Immersive Virtual Reality Sessions Without the Presence of Pertinent Adverse Symptomatology. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 2019; 13: 417. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2019.00417Kourtesis P., Collina S., Doumas L., MacPherson S. Validation of the Virtual Reality Neuroscience Questionnaire: Maximum Duration of Immersive Virtual Reality Sessions Without the Presence of Pertinent Adverse Symptomatology. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 2019; 13: 417. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2019.00417Hertweck S., Weber D., Alwanni H., Unruh F., Fischbach M., Latoschik M. et al. Brain Activity in Virtual Reality: Assessing Signal Quality of High-Resolution EEG While Using Head-Mounted Displays. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR). IEEE; 2019: 970–1. https://doi.org/10.1109/VR.2019.8798369Hertweck S., Weber D., Alwanni H., Unruh F., Fischbach M., Latoschik M. et al. Brain Activity in Virtual Reality: Assessing Signal Quality of High-Resolution EEG While Using Head-Mounted Displays. In: 2019 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR). IEEE; 2019: 970–1. https://doi.org/10.1109/VR.2019.8798369Hansberger J.T., Peng C., Mathis S.L., Shanthakumar V.A., Meacham S.C., Cao L. et al. Dispelling the gorilla arm syndrome: the viability of prolonged gesture interactions. In: International conference on virtual, augmented and mixed reality. Springer, Cham; 2017: 505–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57987-0_41Hansberger J.T., Peng C., Mathis S.L., Shanthakumar V.A., Meacham S.C., Cao L. et al. Dispelling the gorilla arm syndrome: the viability of prolonged gesture interactions. In: International conference on virtual, augmented and mixed reality. Springer, Cham; 2017: 505–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57987-0_41Chihara T., Seo A. Evaluation of physical workload affected by mass and center of mass of head-mounted display. Applied Ergonomics. 2018; 68: 204–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2017.11.016Chihara T., Seo A. Evaluation of physical workload affected by mass and center of mass of head-mounted display. Applied Ergonomics. 2018; 68: 204–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2017.11.016Yan Y., Chen K., Xie Y., Song Y., Liu Y. The effects of weight on comfort of virtual reality devices. In: International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics. Springer, Cham; 2018: 239–48. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94706-8_27Yan Y., Chen K., Xie Y., Song Y., Liu Y. The effects of weight on comfort of virtual reality devices. In: International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics. Springer, Cham; 2018: 239–48. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94706-8_27Lutz O., Burmeister C., dos Santos L., Morkisch N., Dohle C., Krüger J. Application of head-mounted devices with eye-tracking in virtual reality therapy. Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering. 2017; 3(1): 53–6. https://doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2017-0012Lutz O., Burmeister C., dos Santos L., Morkisch N., Dohle C., Krüger J. Application of head-mounted devices with eye-tracking in virtual reality therapy. Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering. 2017; 3(1): 53–6. https://doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2017-0012Ackley B.J., Ladwig G.B., Swan B.A., Tucker S.J. Evidence-based nursing care guidelines. 1st ed. Amsterdam: Mosby Elsevier, 2008.Ackley B.J., Ladwig G.B., Swan B.A., Tucker S.J. Evidence-based nursing care guidelines. 1st ed. Amsterdam: Mosby Elsevier, 2008.Howard M.C., Van Zandt E.C. A meta-analysis of the virtual reality problem: Unequal effects of virtual reality sickness across individual differences. Virtual Reality. 2021; 25: 1221–46. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-021-00524-3Howard M.C., Van Zandt E.C. A meta-analysis of the virtual reality problem: Unequal effects of virtual reality sickness across individual differences. Virtual Reality. 2021; 25: 1221–46. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-021-00524-3Engbert R., Mergenthaler K. Microsaccades are triggered by low retinal image slip. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2006; 103(18): 7192–7. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0509557103Engbert R., Mergenthaler K. Microsaccades are triggered by low retinal image slip. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2006; 103(18): 7192–7. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0509557103Shibata T., Kim J., Hoffman D.M., Banks M.S. The zone of comfort: predicting visual discomfort with stereo displays. Journal of Vision. 2011; 11(8): 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1167/11.8.11Shibata T., Kim J., Hoffman D.M., Banks M.S. The zone of comfort: predicting visual discomfort with stereo displays. Journal of Vision. 2011; 11(8): 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1167/11.8.11Turnbull P.R., Phillips J.R. Ocular effects of virtual reality headset wear in young adults. Scientific reports. 2017; 7(1): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-16320-6Turnbull P.R., Phillips J.R. Ocular effects of virtual reality headset wear in young adults. Scientific reports. 2017; 7(1): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-16320-6Yoon H.J., Kim J., Park S.W., Heo H. Influence of virtual reality on visual parameters: immersive versus non-immersive mode. BMC ophthalmology. 2020; 20: 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-020-01471-4Yoon H.J., Kim J., Park S.W., Heo H. Influence of virtual reality on visual parameters: immersive versus non-immersive mode. BMC ophthalmology. 2020; 20: 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-020-01471-4Kim J., Sunil K., Yoo J., Kwon S. Change of Blink Rate in Viewing Virtual Reality with HMD. Symmetry. 2018; 10(9): 400. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym10090400Kim J., Sunil K., Yoo J., Kwon S. Change of Blink Rate in Viewing Virtual Reality with HMD. Symmetry. 2018; 10(9): 400. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym10090400Palmisano S., Allison R.S., Schira M.M., Barry R.J. Future challenges for vection research: definitions, functional significance, measures, and neural bases. Front. Psychol. 2015; 6, 193. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00193Palmisano S., Allison R.S., Schira M.M., Barry R.J. Future challenges for vection research: definitions, functional significance, measures, and neural bases. Front. Psychol. 2015; 6, 193. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00193Suh A., Prophet J. The state of immersive technology research: A literature analysis. Computers in Human Behavior. 2018; 86: 77–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.04.019Suh A., Prophet J. The state of immersive technology research: A literature analysis. Computers in Human Behavior. 2018; 86: 77–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.04.019Weech S., Kenny S., Barnett-Cowan M. Presence and Cybersickness in Virtual Reality Are Negatively Related: A Review. Frontiers in psychology. 2019; 10: 158. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00158Weech S., Kenny S., Barnett-Cowan M. Presence and Cybersickness in Virtual Reality Are Negatively Related: A Review. Frontiers in psychology. 2019; 10: 158. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00158Cooper N., Milella F., Cant I., Pinto C., White M.D., Meyer G.F. The effects of multisensory cues on the sense of presence and task performance in a virtual reality environment. Perception. 2016; 45: 332–3.Cooper N., Milella F., Cant I., Pinto C., White M.D., Meyer G.F. The effects of multisensory cues on the sense of presence and task performance in a virtual reality environment. Perception. 2016; 45: 332–3.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.