<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zurniimtpe</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицина труда и промышленная экология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1026-9428</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-8945</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBSI “Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31089/1026-9428-2023-63-8-528-536</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">aebgsg</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zurniimtpe-3251</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LITERATURE REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние вредных производственных физических факторов на репродуктивное здоровье работников-мужчин</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The influence of harmful occupational physical factors on the male workers’ reproductive health</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7136-1442</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фесенко</surname><given-names>Марина Александровна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fesenko</surname><given-names>Marina A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Заведующий лабораторией профилактики нарушений репродуктивного здоровья работников ФГБНУ «НИИ МТ» доктор медицинских наук.</p><p>e-mail: marnast@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>The Head of Laboratory for the Prevention of Reproductive Health Disorders of employees at the Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health, Dr. of Sci. (Med.).</p><p>e-mail: marnast@mail.ru</p><p> </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">marnast@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6693-4186</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Голованева</surname><given-names>Галина В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Golovaneva</surname><given-names>Galina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2007-4731</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мителева</surname><given-names>Татьяна Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Miteleva</surname><given-names>Tatyna Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4824-4648</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вуйцик</surname><given-names>Петр А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vuicik</surname><given-names>Peter A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт медицины труда имени академика Н.Ф. Измерова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>63</volume><issue>8</issue><fpage>528</fpage><lpage>536</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Фесенко М.А., Голованева Г.В., Мителева Т.Ю., Вуйцик П.А., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Фесенко М.А., Голованева Г.В., Мителева Т.Ю., Вуйцик П.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Fesenko M.A., Golovaneva G.V., Miteleva T.Y., Vuicik P.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.journal-irioh.ru/jour/article/view/3251">https://www.journal-irioh.ru/jour/article/view/3251</self-uri><abstract><p>В данной работе приведён обзор литературы для анализа и оценки профессионального риска нарушений репродуктивного здоровья работников-мужчин при действии вредных физических факторов производства.</p><p>Для оценки риска воздействия вредных производственных физических факторов на репродуктивное здоровье работников-мужчин применён метод аналитического обзора полученных данных.</p><p>Данные литературы показывают, что работа мужчин, в условиях как повышенной, так и пониженной температуры, может приводить к нарушению репродуктивной функции. На ряде производств — хлебопекарном, изготовлении керамики, в сталелитейном, при проведении сварочных и других работ, — условия труда которых характеризуются наличием гипертермии, у работников, наряду с изменениями физиологических параметров, гомеостаза организма, выявлено нарушение репродуктивной функции.</p><p>Исследования по изучению воздействия шума и вибрации на репродуктивное здоровье работников-мужчин немногочисленны, а по воздействию ультра- и инфразвука — единичны. Последствиями такого воздействия являются нарушения гормонального статуса, сперматогенеза, приводящие в дальнейшем к изменению репродуктивной функции, импотенции и бесплодию. Эти данные были подтверждены экспериментальными исследованиями на животных и добровольцах.</p><p>Воздействие ионизирующего излучения — доказанный фактор нарушения репродуктивной функции, который приводит к изменениям количества и качества спермы, репродуктивных гормонов. Последствием воздействия ионизирующего излучения являются хромосомные нарушения, ведущие к врождённым аномалиям у потомства.</p><p>Показано, что биологическое действие электромагнитных полей различного частотного диапазона (сотовых телефонов, микроволновых печей, ноутбуков, устройств с Wi-Fi, а также др. видов неионизирующего излучения — низкочастотных электромагнитных полей и крайне высокочастотных) на репродуктивные органы может проявиться в изменении показателей сперматогенеза, повреждении ДНК, геномной нестабильности, нарушениях гормональной регуляции и работы протеинкиназ, гормонов и антиоксидантных ферментов, приводя к расстройствам сексуального поведения, снижению фертильности, вплоть до бесплодия.</p><p>Представленные данные показывают, что вредные производственные физические факторы могут приводить к нарушениям репродуктивного здоровья работников-мужчин. В настоящее время отсутствует системный подход к решению проблемы. В этой связи необходимы разработка научно обоснованной системы оценки профессионального риска и принятие управленческих решений по сохранению репродуктивного здоровья, поскольку снижение фертильности работников-мужчин потенциально затрагивает благополучие семьи и общества в целом.</p><sec><title>Участие авторов</title><p>Участие авторов:Фесенко М.А. — концепция и дизайн исследования, анализ и интерпретация данных; одобрение окончательной версии;Голованева Г.В. — концепция и дизайн исследования, анализ и интерпретация данных, редактирование;Мителева Т.Ю. — сбор и обработка материала, написание текста;Вуйцик П.А. — сбор материала, написание текста раздела статьи.Все соавторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.</p></sec><sec><title>Благодарности</title><p>Благодарности. Авторы выражают благодарность сотруднику лаборатории Мискевичу А.В. за помощь при сборе литературы.</p></sec><sec><title>Финансирование</title><p>Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.</p></sec><sec><title>Конфликт интересов</title><p>Конфликт интересов. Авторы статьи сообщают об отсутствии конфликта интересов.</p></sec><sec><title>Дата поступления</title><p>Дата поступления: 29.06.2023 / Дата принятия к печати: 02.07.2023 / Дата публикации: 05.09.2023</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This paper provides a review of the literature for the analysis and assessment of the occupational risk of reproductive health disorders of male workers under the influence of harmful physical factors of production.To assess the risk of exposure to harmful industrial physical factors on the reproductive health of male workers, the authors have applied the method of analytical review of the data obtained.</p><p>Literature data show that the work of men in conditions of both high and low temperatures can lead to a violation of reproductive function. In the bakery, ceramic, steel, welding and other industries, working conditions are characterized by the presence of hyperthermia. Researchers have identified a violation of reproductive function in male workers, along with changes in the physiological parameters of the body's homeostasis.There are few studies on the effects of noise and vibration on the reproductive health of working men, and there are few studies on the effects of ultra- and infrasound. The consequences of such exposure are disorders of hormonal status, spermatogenesis, leading to further changes in reproductive function, impotence and infertility. Scientists confirm these data with experimental studies on animals and volunteers.</p><p>Exposure to ionizing radiation is a proven factor of reproductive dysfunction, which leads to changes in the quantity and quality of sperm, reproductive hormones. The consequence of exposure to ionizing radiation are chromosomal abnormalities, leading to congenital anomalies in offspring.It has been shown that the biological effect of electromagnetic fields of various frequency ranges (cell phones, microwave ovens, laptops, devices with Wi-Fi, as well as other types of non–ionizing radiation — low-frequency electromagnetic fields and extremely high-frequency) on reproductive organs can manifest itself in changes in spermatogenesis indicators, DNA damage, genomic instability, hormonal regulation and work disorders protein kinases, hormones, antioxidant enzymes, leading to disorders of sexual behavior, decreased fertility, up to infertility.</p><p>The presented data show that harmful occupational physical factors can lead to violations of the reproductive health of male workers. Currently, there is no systematic approach to solving the problem. In this regard, it is necessary to develop a scientifically sound system for assessing occupational risk and making managerial decisions to preserve reproductive health, since a decrease in the fertility of male workers potentially affects the well-being of the family and society as a whole.</p><p>Contribution:Fesenko M.A. — concept and design of research, analysis and interpretation of data; approval of the final version;Golovaneva G.V. — concept and design of research, analysis and interpretation of data, the editing;Miteleva T.Yu. — collection and processing of material, writing the text;Vujtsik P.A. — collection of material, writing the text of the section of the article.All co-authors — approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article.</p><p>Gratitude. The authors express their gratitude to A.V. Miskevich, an employee of the laboratory, for his help in collecting literature.</p><p>Funding. The study had no funding.</p><p>Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests.</p><p>Received: 29.06.2023 / Accepted: 02.07.2023 / Published: 05.09.2023</p><sec><title> </title><p> </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>работники-мужчины</kwd><kwd>репродуктивное здоровье</kwd><kwd>условия труда</kwd><kwd>вредные физические факторы</kwd><kwd>профессиональный риск</kwd><kwd>профилактика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>male employees</kwd><kwd>reproductive health</kwd><kwd>working conditions</kwd><kwd>harmful physical factors</kwd><kwd>occupational risk</kwd><kwd>prevention</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Указ Президента Российской Федерации от 06.06.2019 г. № 254 «О Стратегии развития здравоохранения в Российской Федерации на период до 2025 года». Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации: [электронный ресурс]. https://clck.ru/35BHBj (дата обращения 10.07.2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of June 6, 2019 No. 254 "On the Strategy for the Development of Healthcare in the Russian Federation for the period up to 2025". Official Internet portal of legal information: [electronic resource]. https://clck.ru/35BHBj (Accessed 12.06.2022).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mascarenhas M.N., Flaxman S.R., Boerma T., et al. National, regional, and global trends in infertility prevalence since 1990: a systematic analysis of 277 health surveys. PLoS Med. 2012; 9(12). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001356</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mascarenhas M.N., Flaxman S.R., Boerma T., et al. National, regional, and global trends in infertility prevalence since 1990: a systematic analysis of 277 health surveys. PLoS Med. 2012; 9(12). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001356</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boivin J., Bunting L., Collins J.A., et al. International estimates of infertility prevalence and treatment-seeking: potential need and demand for infertility medical care. Human reproduction (Oxford, England). 2007; 22(6): 1506–12. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dem046</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boivin J., Bunting L., Collins J.A., et al. International estimates of infertility prevalence and treatment-seeking: potential need and demand for infertility medical care. Human reproduction (Oxford, England). 2007; 22(6): 1506–12. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dem046</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rutstein S.O., Shah I.H. Infecundity infertility and childlessness in developing countries. Geneva: World Health Organization 2004.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rutstein S.O., Shah I.H. Infecundity infertility and childlessness in developing countries. Geneva: World Health Organization 2004.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">WHO. Infertility. Byulleten' Vsemirnoj organizacii zdravoohraneniya. Besplodie. (po sostoyaniyu na 10 noyabrya 2022 g.). https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/infertility</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">WHO. Infertility. Byulleten' Vsemirnoj organizacii zdravoohraneniya. Besplodie. (po sostoyaniyu na 10 noyabrya 2022 g.). https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/infertility</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Agarwal A., Mulgund A., Hamada A., Chyatte M.R. A unique view on male infertility around the globe. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2015; 13: 37. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12958-015-0032-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Agarwal A., Mulgund A., Hamada A., Chyatte M.R. A unique view on male infertility around the globe. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2015; 13: 37. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12958-015-0032-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Белый Л.Е. Факторы образа жизни и их влияние на мужскую фертильность. Клинический разбор в акушерстве, гинекологии и репродуктологии. 2021; 1(1): 29–35. https://doi.org/10.47407/kragr2021.1.1.00006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belyj L.E. Lifestyle factors and their impact on male fertility. Klinicheskij razbor v akusherstve, ginekologii i reproduktologii. 2021; 1(1): 29–35. https://doi.org/10.47407/kragr2021.1.1.00006</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Assidi M. Infertility in Men: Advances towards a Comprehensive and Integrative Strategy for Precision Theranostics. Cells. 2022; 11(10): 1711. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11101711</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Assidi M. Infertility in Men: Advances towards a Comprehensive and Integrative Strategy for Precision Theranostics. Cells. 2022; 11(10): 1711. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11101711</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лебедев Г.С., Голубев Н.А., Шадеркин И.А. Мужское бесплодие в Российской Федерации: статистические данные за 2000-2018 годы. Экспериментальная и клиническая урология. 2019; 4: 4–13. https://doi.org/10.29188/2222-8543-2019-11-4-4-12</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lebedev G.S., Golubev N.A., Shaderkin I.A. Male infertility in the Russian Federation: statistical data for 2000–2018. Eksperimental'naya i klinicheskaya urologiya. 2019; 4: 4–13. https://doi.org/10.29188/2222-8543-2019-11-4-4-12</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Литвинова Н.А., Лесникова А.И., Толочко Т.А., Шмелева А.А. Эндогенные и экзогенные факторы, влияющие на мужскую фертильность. Фундаментальная и клиническая медицина. 2021; 6(2): 124–135. https://doi.org/10.23946/2500-0764-2021-6-2-124-135</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Litvinova N.A., Lesnikova A.I., Tolochko T.A., Shmeleva A.A. Factors affecting male fertility: a review. Fundamental and Clinical Medicine. 2021; 6(2): 124–135. https://doi.org/10.23946/2500-0764-2021-6-2-124-135</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Карельская Л.П. Репродуктивное здоровье мужчин как медико-социальная проблема. Материалы Международной научно-практической конференции «Медико-социальные и психологические аспекты безопасности промышленных агломераций». Екатеринбург: УрФУ; 2016: 21–7. https://elibrary.ru/vtulwl</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karel'skaya L.P. Reproductive health of men as a medical and social problem. Materials of the International scientific-practical conference "Medical-social and psychological aspects of the safety of industrial agglomerations". https://elibrary.ru/vtulwl</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ramezanifar S., Beyrami S., Mehrifar Y. et al. Occupational Exposure to Physical and Chemical Risk Factors: A Systematic Review of Reproductive Pathophysiological Effects in Women and Men. Saf Health Work. 2023; 14(1): 17–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2022.10.005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ramezanifar S., Beyrami S., Mehrifar Y. et al. Occupational Exposure to Physical and Chemical Risk Factors: A Systematic Review of Reproductive Pathophysiological Effects in Women and Men. Saf Health Work. 2023; 14(1): 17–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2022.10.005</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Капашин В.П. (к 70-летию со дня рождения). Вестник войск РХБ защиты. 2020; 4(3): 392–393.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kapashin V.P., 70th Birth Anniversary. Journal of NBC Protection Corps. 2020; 4(3): 392–393.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hamerezaee M., Dehghan S.F., Golbabaei F., Fathi A., Barzegar L., Heidarnejad N. Assessment of semen quality among workers exposed to heat stress: a crosssectional study in a steel industry. Saf. Health Work. 2018; 9(2): 232–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2017.07.003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hamerezaee M., Dehghan S.F., Golbabaei F., Fathi A., Barzegar L., Heidarnejad N. Assessment of semen quality among workers exposed to heat stress: a crosssectional study in a steel industry. Saf. Health Work. 2018; 9(2): 232–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2017.07.003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jung A., Eberl M., Schill W.-B. Improvement of semen quality by nocturnal scrotalcooling and moderate behavioural change to reduce genital heat stress in men with oligoasthenoteratozoospermia. Reproduction. 2001; 121: 595–603. https://doi.org/10.1530/rep.0.1210595</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jung A., Eberl M., Schill W.-B. Improvement of semen quality by nocturnal scrotalcooling and moderate behavioural change to reduce genital heat stress in men with oligoasthenoteratozoospermia. Reproduction. 2001; 121: 595–603. https://doi.org/10.1530/rep.0.1210595</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ashiru O.A., Odusanya O.O. Fertility and occupational hazards: review of the literature. Afr J. Reprod Health. 2009; 13(1): 159–165. PMID: 20687273</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ashiru O.A., Odusanya O.O. Fertility and occupational hazards: review of the literature. Afr J. Reprod Health. 2009; 13(1): 159–165. PMID: 20687273</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jurewicz J., Radwan M., Sobala W. et al. Effects of occupational exposure — is there a link between exposure based on an occupational questionnaire and semen quality? Syst Biol Reprod Med. 2014; 60 (4): 227-33. https://doi.org/10.3109/19396368.2014.907837</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jurewicz J., Radwan M., Sobala W. et al. Effects of occupational exposure — is there a link between exposure based on an occupational questionnaire and semen quality? Syst Biol Reprod Med. 2014; 60 (4): 227-33. https://doi.org/10.3109/19396368.2014.907837</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hoang-Thi A.P., Dang-Thi A.T., Phan-Van S. et al. The Impact of High Ambient Temperature on Human Sperm Parameters: A Meta-Analysis. Iran J Public Health. 2022; 51(4): 710–723. https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v51i4.9232</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hoang-Thi A.P., Dang-Thi A.T., Phan-Van S. et al. The Impact of High Ambient Temperature on Human Sperm Parameters: A Meta-Analysis. Iran J Public Health. 2022; 51(4): 710–723. https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v51i4.9232</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Потемина Т.Е., Тукмакова Т.С. Влияние теплового воздействия на сперматогенез в эксперименте. Современные технологии в медицине. 2011; 4: 99–101.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Potemina T.E., Tukmakova T.S. The effect of thermal exposure on spermatogenesis in the experiment. Sovremennye tekhnologii v medicine. 2011; 4: 99–101.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Халимов Ю.Ш., Зайцев В.А., Матвеев С.Ю. Состояние гипофизарногонадной системы и сперматогенеза у военнослужащих, принимающих участие в работах по уничтожению химического оружия. Эндокринология. Новости. Мнения. Обучение. 2016; 2(15): 74–79. https://elibrary.ru/whouvf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Halimov Yu.Sh., Zajcev V.A., Matveev S.Yu. Status of the pituitary-gonadal sistem and spermatogenesis in troops, participated in the destruction of chemical weapons. Endokrinologiya. Novosti. Mneniya. Obuchenie. 2016; 2(15): 74–79. https://elibrary.ru/whouvf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бердыш Д.С., Мирзоева Р.К. Влияние физических факторов на подвижность сперматозоидов человека. Международный студенческий научный вестник. 2018; 4–3. https://elibrary.ru/xplfud</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berdysh D.S., Mirzoeva R.K. Influence of physical factors on the motility of human spermatozoa. Mezhdunarodnyj studencheskij nauchnyj vestnik. 2018; 4-3. https://elibrary.ru/xplfud</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abdelhamid M.H.M., Walschaerts M., Ahmad G. et al. Mild experimental increase in testis and epididymis temperature in men: effects on sperm morphology according to spermatogenesis stages. Transl Androl Urol. 2019; 8(6): 651–665. https://doi.org/10.21037/tau.2019.11.18</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abdelhamid M.H.M., Walschaerts M., Ahmad G. et al. Mild experimental increase in testis and epididymis temperature in men: effects on sperm morphology according to spermatogenesis stages. Transl Androl Urol. 2019; 8(6): 651–665. https://doi.org/10.21037/tau.2019.11.18</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wu Y.Q., Rao M., Hu S.F. et al. Effect of transient scrotal hyperthermia on human sperm: an iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2020; 12; 18(1): 83. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12958-020-00640-w</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wu Y.Q., Rao M., Hu S.F. et al. Effect of transient scrotal hyperthermia on human sperm: an iTRAQ-based proteomic analysis. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2020; 12; 18(1): 83. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12958-020-00640-w</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Васильев В.С. Морфометрические и кинетические показатели спермы человека до и после воздействия низких температур при различных состояниях сперматогенеза. Здоровье мужчины. 2009; 2: 184–186.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vasil'ev V.S. Morphometric and kinetic parameters of human sperm before and after exposure to low temperatures in various states of spermatogenesis. Zdorov'e muzhchiny. 2009; 2: 184–186.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ristovska G., Laszlo H.E., Hansell A.L. Reproductive outcomes associated with noise exposureda systematic review of the literature. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2014; 11(8): 7931–52. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110807931</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ristovska G., Laszlo H.E., Hansell A.L. Reproductive outcomes associated with noise exposureda systematic review of the literature. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2014; 11(8): 7931–52. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110807931</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Figà-Talamanca I. Occupational risk factors and reproductive health of women. Occupational Medicine. 2006; 56 (8): 521–531. https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kql114</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Figà-Talamanca I. Occupational risk factors and reproductive health of women. Occupational Medicine. 2006; 56 (8): 521–531. https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kql114</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алексеев С.Б., Кадыскина Е.Н., Суворов Г.А. Производственный шум. Л.: Медицина. 1991: 134.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alekseev S.B., Kadyskina E.N., Suvorov G.A. Production noise. Medicina; 1991: 134.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mohammadi H., Golbabaei F., Dehghan S.F. et al. Relationship between occupational exposure to whole-body vibration and noise with sex hormone levels: an empirical assessment in an automobile parts manufacturing plant. Toxicol Ind Health. 2021; 37(7): 377–90. https://doi.org/10.1177/07482337211006535</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mohammadi H., Golbabaei F., Dehghan S.F. et al. Relationship between occupational exposure to whole-body vibration and noise with sex hormone levels: an empirical assessment in an automobile parts manufacturing plant. Toxicol Ind Health. 2021; 37(7): 377–90. https://doi.org/10.1177/07482337211006535</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Penkov I.A., Tzvetkov D. Effect of vibration on male reproductive system and function. Cent Eur J Public Heath. 1999; 7(3): 149–154.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Penkov I.A., Tzvetkov D. Effect of vibration on male reproductive system and function. Cent Eur J Public Heath. 1999; 7(3): 149–154.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De Fleurian G., Perrin J., Ecochard R. et al. Occupational exposures obtained by questionnaire in clinical practice and their association with semen quality. J Androl. 2009; 30(5): 566–79. https://doi.org/10.2164/jandrol.108.005918</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De Fleurian G., Perrin J., Ecochard R. et al. Occupational exposures obtained by questionnaire in clinical practice and their association with semen quality. J Androl. 2009; 30(5): 566–79. https://doi.org/10.2164/jandrol.108.005918</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zarei S., Dehghan S.F., Vaziri M.H. et al. Assessment of semen quality of taxi drivers exposed to whole body vibration. J Occup Med Toxicol. 2022; 17: 16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12995-022-00357-z</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zarei S., Dehghan S.F., Vaziri M.H. et al. Assessment of semen quality of taxi drivers exposed to whole body vibration. J Occup Med Toxicol. 2022; 17: 16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12995-022-00357-z</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krajnak K., Waugh S., Welcome D. et al. Effects of whole-body vibration on reproductive physiology in a rat model of whole-body vibration. J. Toxicol Environ Health A. 2022; 85(23): 953–71. https://doi.org/10.1080/15287394.2022.2128954</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krajnak K., Waugh S., Welcome D. et al. Effects of whole-body vibration on reproductive physiology in a rat model of whole-body vibration. J. Toxicol Environ Health A. 2022; 85(23): 953–71. https://doi.org/10.1080/15287394.2022.2128954</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Health Effects of Exposure to Ultrasound and Infrasound. Report of the independent Advisory Group on Non-ionising Radiation Documents of the Health Protection Agency Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards. 2010; February; 89–94.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Health Effects of Exposure to Ultrasound and Infrasound. Report of the independent Advisory Group on Non-ionising Radiation Documents of the Health Protection Agency Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards. 2010; February; 89–94.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дергилев А.А., Чибисова О.Ф., Палыга Г.Ф. Влияние ионизирующей радиации в нестерилизующих дозах на эмбриогенез и постнатальное развитие потомства двух поколений самцов крыс, половые клетки которых облучены на премейотических стадиях сперматогенеза. Радиация и риск. 2012; 21(2): 39–45. https://elibrary.ru/oxpkrf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dergilev A.A., Chibisova O.F., Palyga G.F. et al. Effect of exposure of rat male germ cells in the pre-meiotic phase of spermatogenesis to radiation at doses below a castration level on ontogenesis of two generations of posterity. Radiatsiya i risk. 2012; 21(2): 39–45. https://elibrary.ru/oxpkrf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зайцев В.А., Цепкова Г.А., Говердовский Ю.Б. Репродуктивное здоровье мужчин в условиях воздействия сложного комплекса вредных профессиональных и экологических факторов. Врач. 2020; (8): 45–53. https://doi.org/10.29296/25877305-2020-08-07</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zajcev V.A., Cepkova G.A., Goverdovskij Yu.B. Reproductive health of men under the influence of the complex of harmful professional and environmental factors. Vrach. 2020; (8): 45–53. https://doi.org/10.29296/25877305-2020-08-07</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kumar S. Occupational exposure associated with reproductive dysfunction. J Occup Health. 2004; 46(1): 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1539/joh.46.1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kumar S. Occupational exposure associated with reproductive dysfunction. J Occup Health. 2004; 46(1): 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1539/joh.46.1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grajewski B., Cox C., Schrader S.M. et al. Semen quality and hormone levels among radiofrequency heater operators. J. Occup Environ Med. 2000; 42(10): 993–1005. https://doi.org/10.1097/00043764-200010000-00005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grajewski B., Cox C., Schrader S.M. et al. Semen quality and hormone levels among radiofrequency heater operators. J. Occup Environ Med. 2000; 42(10): 993–1005. https://doi.org/10.1097/00043764-200010000-00005</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лягинская А.М., Шандала Н.К., Киселев С.М. Состояние здоровья персонала предприятия по обращению с радиоактивными отходами утилизируемого атомного флота СССР. Радиация и риск (Бюллетень Национального радиационно-эпидемиологического регистра). 2019; 28(4): 73–87. https://doi.org/10.21870/0131-3878-2019-28-4-73-87</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lyaginskaya A.M., Shandala N.K., Kiselev S.M. et al. The health state of the enterprises personnel for the management of radioactive waste of the USSR dismantled nuclear fleet. Radiaciya i risk (Byulleten' Nacional'nogo radiacionno-epidemiologicheskogo registra). 2019; 28(4): 73–87. https://doi.org/10.21870/0131-3878-2019-28-4-73-87</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li D.K., Yan B. et al. Exposure to magnetic fields and the risk of poor sperm quality. Reprod Toxicol. 2010; 29(1): 86–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2009.09.004</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li D.K., Yan B. et al. Exposure to magnetic fields and the risk of poor sperm quality. Reprod Toxicol. 2010; 29(1): 86–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2009.09.004</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rai U., Singh R. Genotoxic Risks to Male Reproductive Health from Radiofrequency Radiation. Cells. 2023; 12(4): 594. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12040594</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rai U., Singh R. Genotoxic Risks to Male Reproductive Health from Radiofrequency Radiation. Cells. 2023; 12(4): 594. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12040594</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Avendano C., Mata A., Sarmiento C.S., Doncel G. Use of laptop computers connected to internet through Wi-fi decreases human sperm motility and increases sperm DNA fragmentation. Fertil Steril. 2012; 97: 39–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.10.012</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Avendano C., Mata A., Sarmiento C.S., Doncel G. Use of laptop computers connected to internet through Wi-fi decreases human sperm motility and increases sperm DNA fragmentation. Fertil Steril. 2012; 97: 39–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.10.012</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Behari J. Biological correlates of low-level electromagnetic-field exposure, general. Applied and systems toxicology. Willey, Book chapter. 2009; 109.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Behari J. Biological correlates of low-level electromagnetic-field exposure, general. Applied and systems toxicology. Willey, Book chapter. 2009; 109.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Singh R., Nath R., Mathur A.K. et al. Effect of radiofrequency radiation on reproductive health. Indian J Med Res. 2018; 148: 92–99. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_1056_18</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Singh R., Nath R., Mathur A.K. et al. Effect of radiofrequency radiation on reproductive health. Indian J Med Res. 2018; 148: 92–99. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_1056_18</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Repacholi M.H. Low-level exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields: Health effects and research needs. Bioelectromagnetics. 1998; 19: 1–19. PMID: 9453702.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Repacholi M.H. Low-level exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields: Health effects and research needs. Bioelectromagnetics. 1998; 19: 1–19. PMID: 9453702.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Paulraj R., Behari J. Radio frequency radiation effects on protein kinase C activity in rats’ brain. Mutat Res. 2004; 545: 127–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0027-5107(03)00113-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Paulraj R., Behari J. Radio frequency radiation effects on protein kinase C activity in rats’ brain. Mutat Res. 2004; 545: 127–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0027-5107(03)00113-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aitken R.J., Bennetts L.E., Sawyer D. et al. Impact of radio frequency electromagnetic radiation on DNA integrity in the male germline. Int J Androl. 2005; 28: 171–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2605.2005.00531.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aitken R.J., Bennetts L.E., Sawyer D. et al. Impact of radio frequency electromagnetic radiation on DNA integrity in the male germline. Int J Androl. 2005; 28: 171–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2605.2005.00531.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Erogul O., Oztas E., Yildirim I., Kir T. et al. Effects of electromagnetic radiation from a cellular phone on human sperm motility: An in vitro study. Arch Med Res. 2006; 37: 840–3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcmed.2006.05.003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Erogul O., Oztas E., Yildirim I., Kir T. et al. Effects of electromagnetic radiation from a cellular phone on human sperm motility: An in vitro study. Arch Med Res. 2006; 37: 840–3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcmed.2006.05.003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Agarwal A., Singh A., Hamada A. et al. Cell phones and male infertility: a review of recent innovations in technology and consequences. Int Braz J Urol. 2011; 37: 432–454. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1677-55382011000400002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Agarwal A., Singh A., Hamada A. et al. Cell phones and male infertility: a review of recent innovations in technology and consequences. Int Braz J Urol. 2011; 37: 432–454. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1677-55382011000400002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bernabò N., Tettamanti E., Pistilli M.G. et al. Effects of 50 Hz extremely low frequency magnetic field on the morphology and function of boar spermatozoa capacitated in vitro. Theriogenology. 2007; 67: 801–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2006.10.014</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bernabò N., Tettamanti E., Pistilli M.G. et al. Effects of 50 Hz extremely low frequency magnetic field on the morphology and function of boar spermatozoa capacitated in vitro. Theriogenology. 2007; 67: 801–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2006.10.014</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kilgallon S.J., Simmons L.W. Image content influences men’s semen quality. Biol Lett. 2005; 1: 252–255. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2005.0324</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kilgallon S.J., Simmons L.W. Image content influences men’s semen quality. Biol Lett. 2005; 1: 252–255. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2005.0324</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Al-Bayyari N. The effect of cell phone usage on semen quality and fertility among Jordanian males. Middle East Fertil Society J. 2017; 22: 178–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MEFS.2017.03.006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Al-Bayyari N. The effect of cell phone usage on semen quality and fertility among Jordanian males. Middle East Fertil Society J. 2017; 22: 178–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MEFS.2017.03.006</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hatch E.E., Willis S.K., Wesselink A.K. et al. Male cellular telephone exposure, fecundability, and semen quality: results from two preconception cohort studies. Hum Reprod. 2021; 20; 36 (5): 1395–1404. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deab001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hatch E.E., Willis S.K., Wesselink A.K. et al. Male cellular telephone exposure, fecundability, and semen quality: results from two preconception cohort studies. Hum Reprod. 2021; 20; 36 (5): 1395–1404. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deab001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kesari K.K., Agarwal A., Henkel R. Radiations and male fertility. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2018, 9; 16 (1): 118. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12958-018-0431-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kesari K.K., Agarwal A., Henkel R. Radiations and male fertility. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2018, 9; 16 (1): 118. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12958-018-0431-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kumar S., Kesari K.K., Behari J. The therapeutic effect of a pulsed electromagnetic field on the reproductive patterns of male Wistar rats exposed to a 2.45-GHz microwave field. Clin (Sao Paulo). 2011; 66: 1237–1245. https://doi.org/10.3109/15368378.2012.700292</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kumar S., Kesari K.K., Behari J. The therapeutic effect of a pulsed electromagnetic field on the reproductive patterns of male Wistar rats exposed to a 2.45-GHz microwave field. Clin (Sao Paulo). 2011; 66: 1237–1245. https://doi.org/10.3109/15368378.2012.700292</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kesari K.K., Behari J. Evidence for mobile phone radiation exposure effects on reproductive pattern of male rats: role of ROS. Electromagn Biol Med. 2012; 31: 213–222. https://doi.org/10.3109/15368378.2012.700292</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kesari K.K., Behari J. Evidence for mobile phone radiation exposure effects on reproductive pattern of male rats: role of ROS. Electromagn Biol Med. 2012; 31: 213–222. https://doi.org/10.3109/15368378.2012.700292</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Seyhan N., Guler G. Review of in vivo static and ELF electric fields studies performed at Gazi biophysics department. Electromag Biol Med. 2006; 25: 307–323. https://doi.org/10.1080/15368370601054803</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Seyhan N., Guler G. Review of in vivo static and ELF electric fields studies performed at Gazi biophysics department. Electromag Biol Med. 2006; 25: 307–323. https://doi.org/10.1080/15368370601054803</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Türedi S., Hancı H., Topal Z. et al. The effects of prenatal exposure to a 900-MHz electromagnetic field on the 21-day-old male rat heart. Electromag Biol Med. 2015; 34(4): 390. https://doi.org/10.3109/15368378.2014.952742</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Türedi S., Hancı H., Topal Z. et al. The effects of prenatal exposure to a 900-MHz electromagnetic field on the 21-day-old male rat heart. Electromag Biol Med. 2015; 34(4): 390. https://doi.org/10.3109/15368378.2014.952742</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yan J.G., Agresti M., Bruce T. et al. Effects of cellular phone emissions on sperm motility in rats. Fertil Steril. 2007; 88: 957–964. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.12.022</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yan J.G., Agresti M., Bruce T. et al. Effects of cellular phone emissions on sperm motility in rats. Fertil Steril. 2007; 88: 957–964. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.12.022</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kesari K., Kumar S., Behari J. Mobile phone usage and male infertility in Wistar rats. Ind J Exp Biol. 2010; 48: 987–992. PMID: 21299041.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kesari K., Kumar S., Behari J. Mobile phone usage and male infertility in Wistar rats. Ind J Exp Biol. 2010; 48: 987–992. PMID: 21299041.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bhat M.A. Effects of Electromagnetic Waves Emitted by Mobile Phones on Male Fertilit. Computer Engineering and Intelligent Systems. 2013; 4(3): 51–64.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bhat M.A. Effects of Electromagnetic Waves Emitted by Mobile Phones on Male Fertilit. Computer Engineering and Intelligent Systems. 2013; 4(3): 51–64.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit61"><label>61</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Luo Y., Wang X., Chen Y. et al. Effects of electromagnetic radiation on morphology and TGF-β3 expression in mouse testicular tissue. Toxicology. 2013; 310: 8–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2013.05.004</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Luo Y., Wang X., Chen Y. et al. Effects of electromagnetic radiation on morphology and TGF-β3 expression in mouse testicular tissue. Toxicology. 2013; 310: 8–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2013.05.004</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit62"><label>62</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kumar S., Nirala J.P., Behari J., Paulraj R. Effect of electromagnetic irradiation produced by 3G mobile phone on male rat reproductive system in a simulated scenario. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 2014; 52: 890–897.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kumar S., Nirala J.P., Behari J., Paulraj R. Effect of electromagnetic irradiation produced by 3G mobile phone on male rat reproductive system in a simulated scenario. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 2014; 52: 890–897.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit63"><label>63</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Avendano C., Mata A., Sarmiento C.S., Doncel G. Use of laptop computers connected to internet through Wi-fi decreases human sperm motility and increases sperm DNA fragmentation. Fertil Steril. 2012; 97: 39–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.10.012</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Avendano C., Mata A., Sarmiento C.S., Doncel G. Use of laptop computers connected to internet through Wi-fi decreases human sperm motility and increases sperm DNA fragmentation. Fertil Steril. 2012; 97: 39–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.10.012</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit64"><label>64</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Al-Akhras M.A., Elbetieha A., Hasan M.K. et al. Effects of extremely low frequency magnetic field on fertility of adult male and female rats. Bioelectromagnetics. 2001; 22: 340–344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.01.166</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Al-Akhras M.A., Elbetieha A., Hasan M.K. et al. Effects of extremely low frequency magnetic field on fertility of adult male and female rats. Bioelectromagnetics. 2001; 22: 340–344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.01.166</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit65"><label>65</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee J.S., Ahn S.S., Jung K.C. et al. Effects of 60 Hz electromagnetic field exposure on testicular germ cell apoptosis in mice. Asian J Androl. 2004; 6: 29–34.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee J.S., Ahn S.S., Jung K.C. et al. Effects of 60 Hz electromagnetic field exposure on testicular germ cell apoptosis in mice. Asian J Androl. 2004; 6: 29–34.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit66"><label>66</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Agarwal A., Deepinder F., Sharma R.K. et al. Effect of cell phone usage on semen analysis in men attending infertility clinic: an observational study. Fertil Steril. 2007; 89: 124–128.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Agarwal A., Deepinder F., Sharma R.K. et al. Effect of cell phone usage on semen analysis in men attending infertility clinic: an observational study. Fertil Steril. 2007; 89: 124–128.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit67"><label>67</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sharma A., Kesari K.K., Saxena V.K., Sisodia R. The influence of prenatal 10 GHz microwave radiation exposure on a developing mice brain. Gen Physiol Biophys. 2017; 36: 41–51. https://doi.org/10.4149/gpb_2016026</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sharma A., Kesari K.K., Saxena V.K., Sisodia R. The influence of prenatal 10 GHz microwave radiation exposure on a developing mice brain. Gen Physiol Biophys. 2017; 36: 41–51. https://doi.org/10.4149/gpb_2016026</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit68"><label>68</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De Iuliis G.N., Newey R.J., King B.V., Aitken R.J. Mobile phone radiation induces reactive oxygen species production and DNA damage in human spermatozoa in vitro. PLoS One. 2009; 4: 176–179. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0006446</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De Iuliis G.N., Newey R.J., King B.V., Aitken R.J. Mobile phone radiation induces reactive oxygen species production and DNA damage in human spermatozoa in vitro. PLoS One. 2009; 4: 176–179. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0006446</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit69"><label>69</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Desai N., Sharma R., Makker K. et al. Physiologic and pathologic levels of reactive oxygen species in neat semen of infertile men. Fertil Steril. 2009; 92: 1626–1631. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.08.109</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Desai N., Sharma R., Makker K. et al. Physiologic and pathologic levels of reactive oxygen species in neat semen of infertile men. Fertil Steril. 2009; 92: 1626–1631. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.08.109</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit70"><label>70</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gautam R., Priyadarshini E., Nirala J., Rajamani P. Impact of nonionizing electromagnetic radiation on male infertility: an assessment of the mechanism and consequences. Int J Radiat Biol. 2022; 98(6): 1063–1073. https://doi.org/10.1080/09553002.2020.1859154</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gautam R., Priyadarshini E., Nirala J., Rajamani P. Impact of nonionizing electromagnetic radiation on male infertility: an assessment of the mechanism and consequences. Int J Radiat Biol. 2022; 98(6): 1063–1073. https://doi.org/10.1080/09553002.2020.1859154</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit71"><label>71</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sciorio R., Tramontano L., Esteves S.C. Effects of mobile phone radiofrequency radiation on sperm quality. Zygote. 2022; 30(2): 159–168. https://doi.org/10.1017/S096719942100037X</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sciorio R., Tramontano L., Esteves S.C. Effects of mobile phone radiofrequency radiation on sperm quality. Zygote. 2022; 30(2): 159–168. https://doi.org/10.1017/S096719942100037X</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit72"><label>72</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gautam R., Singh K.V., Nirala J. et al. Oxidative stress-mediated alterations on sperm parameters in male Wistar rats exposed to 3G mobile phone radiation. Andrologia. 2019; 51(3): 13201. https://doi.org/10.1111/and.13201</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gautam R., Singh K.V., Nirala J. et al. Oxidative stress-mediated alterations on sperm parameters in male Wistar rats exposed to 3G mobile phone radiation. Andrologia. 2019; 51(3): 13201. https://doi.org/10.1111/and.13201</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit73"><label>73</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mailankot M., Kunnath A.P., Jayalekshmi H., Koduru B., Valsalan R. Radio frequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) from GSM (0.9/1.8 GHz) mobile phones induces oxidative stress and reduces sperm motility in rats. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2009; 64: 5615. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1807-59322009000600011</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mailankot M., Kunnath A.P., Jayalekshmi H., Koduru B., Valsalan R. Radio frequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) from GSM (0.9/1.8 GHz) mobile phones induces oxidative stress and reduces sperm motility in rats. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2009; 64: 5615. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1807-59322009000600011</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit74"><label>74</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mortazavi S.M.J., Tavassoli A.R., Ranjbari F., Moammaiee P. Effects of laptop computers’ electromagnetic field on sperm quality. J. Reprod Infertil. 2010; 11: 251–258. https://doi.org/10.1080/19338244.2011.564232</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mortazavi S.M.J., Tavassoli A.R., Ranjbari F., Moammaiee P. Effects of laptop computers’ electromagnetic field on sperm quality. J. Reprod Infertil. 2010; 11: 251–258. https://doi.org/10.1080/19338244.2011.564232</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit75"><label>75</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schrader S.M., Marlow K.L. Asian Assessing the reproductive health of men with occupational exposures. J Androl. 2014; 16(1): 23–30. https://doi.org/10.4103/1008-682X.122352</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schrader S.M., Marlow K.L. Asian Assessing the reproductive health of men with occupational exposures. J Androl. 2014; 16(1): 23–30. https://doi.org/10.4103/1008-682X.122352</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
