zurniimtpeМедицина труда и промышленная экологияRussian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology1026-94282618-8945FSBSI “Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health”10.31089/1026-9428-2022-62-12-821-827zurniimtpe-3087Research ArticleОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫLITERATURE REVIEWРиск модификации иммунного ответа организма работников сельскохозяйственного производства от воздействия биологического фактораThe risk of modification of the immune response of the body in agricultural workers from the effects of a biological factorhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0195-8862МасягутоваЛяйля МарселевнаMasyagutovaLyaylya M.

Главный научный сотрудник, заведующий отделом медицины труда ФБУН «Уфимский НИИ медицины труда и экологии человека», д-р мед. наук.

e-mail: kdl.ufa@rambler.ru

The Chief Researcher, Head of the Department of Occupational Health, Ufa Research Institute of Occupational Health and Human Ecology, Dr. of Sci. (Med.).

e-mail: kdl.ufa@rambler.ru

kdl.ufa@rambler.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3510-2595БакировА. Б.BakirovAkhat B.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6593-2704ГизатуллинаЛ. Г.GizatullinaLiliya G.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2763-1358АбдрахмановаЕ. Р.AbdrakhmanovaElena R.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7355-9556РафиковаЛ. А.RafikovaLinara A.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6992-096XКабироваЭ. Ф.KabirovaElvira F.noemail@neicon.ruФБУН «Уфимский научно-исследовательский институт медицины труда и экологии человека»; ФГБОУ ВО «Башкирский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава РоссииРоссияUfa Research Institute of Occupational Medicine and Human Ecology; Bashkir State Medical UniversityRussian FederationФБУН «Уфимский научно-исследовательский институт медицины труда и экологии человека»РоссияUfa Research Institute of Occupational Medicine and Human EcologyRussian Federation2022221220226212821827Copyright © Масягутова Л.М., Бакиров А.Б., Гизатуллина Л.Г., Абдрахманова Е.Р., Рафикова Л.А., Кабирова Э.Ф., 20222022Масягутова Л.М., Бакиров А.Б., Гизатуллина Л.Г., Абдрахманова Е.Р., Рафикова Л.А., Кабирова Э.Ф.Masyagutova L.M., Bakirov A.B., Gizatullina L.G., Abdrakhmanova E.R., Rafikova L.A., Kabirova E.F.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.journal-irioh.ru/jour/article/view/3087

Сохраняют актуальность и приоритетность вопросы своевременного выявления работающих, нуждающихся в углублённом обследовании; обоснования критериев формирования групп риска с учётом оценки ранних неспецифических реакций организма в целях своевременного обеспечения рациональных схем организации лечебно-оздоровительных мероприятий.

Проведён системный поиск и анализ современной отечественной и зарубежной литературы по обозначенной тематике.

Гигиенические исследования свидетельствуют, что в составе комплекса факторов рабочей среды превалируют пыли респирабельного характера, химические вещества, условно-патогенные сапрофитные микроорганизмы.

В результате адсорбции на частицах пыли микроорганизмы способны запускать развитие патологических процессов, с последующим высвобождением медиаторов воспаления. В процессах формирования воспаления респираторного тракта принимают участие и иные взаимосвязанные и взаимообусловленные молекулярные механизмы.

Сохранение баланса уровней про- и противовоспалительных регуляторных белков — цитокинов является основой для поддержания адекватного равновесия и формирования антиинфекционного иммунитета.

В качестве основного органа, способного выполнить функции барьера для предотвращения распространения инфекционного агента в нижние отделы респираторного тракта являются эпителиальные клетки.

Анализ научной литературы свидетельствует о существенном вкладе микробной обсеменённости воздуха рабочей зоны сапрофитными микроорганизмами в развитие иммуноопосредованной общесоматической, производственно обусловленной и профессиональной заболеваемости. Недостаточно работ по чёткому раскрытию закономерностей иммунного реагирования, стадийности показателей эндогенных механизмов защиты, позволяющих обосновать проведение своевременных диагностических мероприятий и качественное медицинское наблюдение работников.

Участие авторов

Участие авторов:Масягутова Л.М. — концепция и дизайн исследования, написание текста;Бакиров А.Б. — концепция и дизайн исследования;Гизатуллина Л.Г. — написание текста;Абдрахманова Е.Р. — подбор и перевод литературы;Рафикова Л.А. — подбор и перевод литературы;Кабирова Э.Ф. — подбор и перевод литературы.Все авторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.

Финансирование

Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.

Конфликт интересов

Конфликт интересов. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.

Дата поступления

Дата поступления: 14.11.2022 / Дата принятия к печати: 01.12.2022 / Дата публикации: 23.12.2022

The issues of timely identification of workers in need of in-depth examination remain relevant and priority; substantiation of criteria for the formation of risk groups, taking into account the assessment of early nonspecific reactions of the body in order to timely ensure rational schemes for the organization of therapeutic and recreational activities.

The analysis of the available literature data on determining the role of the immune system in the development of pathology in workers under conditions of industrial microbiological risk seems relevant.

We have carried out a systematic search and analysis of modern domestic and foreign literature on the designated topic.

Hygienic studies indicate that respiratory dusts, chemicals, conditionally pathogenic saprophytic microorganisms prevail as part of the complex of working environment factors.

As a result of adsorption on dust particles, microorganisms are able to trigger the development of pathological processes, followed by the release of inflammatory mediators. Other interrelated and interdependent molecular mechanisms also take part in the processes of formation of inflammation of the respiratory tract. Maintaining the balance of the levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory regulatory proteins — cytokines is the basis for maintaining an adequate balance and the formation of anti-infectious immunity.

Epithelial cells are the main organ capable of performing the functions of a barrier to prevent the spread of an infectious agent to the lower respiratory tract.

The analysis of scientific literature indicates a significant contribution of microbial contamination of the air of the working area by saprophytic microorganisms to the development of immuno-mediated general somatic, production-related and occupational morbidity. There is not enough work on a clear disclosure of the patterns of immune response, the stage-by-stage indicators of endogenous protection mechanisms, which make it possible to justify timely diagnostic measures and high-quality medical supervision of employees.

Contribution

Contribution:Masyagutova L.M. — the concept and design of the study, writing the text;Bakirov A.B. — the concept and design of the study;Gizatullina L.G. — writing the text;Abdrakhmanova E.R. — selection and translation of literature;Rafikova L.A. — selection and translation of literature;Kabirova E.F. — selection and translation of literature.All authors — approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article.

Funding

Funding. The study had no funding.

Conflict of interests

Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests.

Received

Received: 14.11.2022 / Accepted: 01.12.2022 / Published: 23.12.2022

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.