zurniimtpeМедицина труда и промышленная экологияRussian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology1026-94282618-8945FSBSI “Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health”10.31089/1026-9428-2022-62-10-670-679zurniimtpe-3053Research ArticleПРАКТИЧЕСКОМУ ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЮFOR THE PRACTICAL MEDICINEБезопасность и комфортность ношения масок во время пандемии COVID-19 у работников транспортных компанийSafety and comfort of wearing face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic among employees of transport companieshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5294-6813ШашинаЕкатерина АндреевнаShashinaEkaterina A.

Доцент кафедры общей гигиены института общественного здоровья им. Ф.Ф. Эрисмана Сеченовского Университета, кандидат медицинских наук.

e-mail: shashina_e_a@staff.sechenov.ru

Associate Professor of the General Hygiene Department of Institute of Public Health named by F.F. Erisman of Sechenov University, Cand. of Sci. (Med.).

e-mail: shashina_e_a@staff.sechenov.ru

shashina_e_a@staff.sechenov.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8679-4934СмирноваТ. М.SmirnovaTatiana M.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2134-6348БеловаЕ. В.BelovaElena V.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7213-4265МакароваВ. В.MakarovaValentina V.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8423-9243Исютина-ФедотковаТ. С.Isyutina-FedotkovaTatiana S.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3913-552XЗабродаН. Н.ZabrodaNadezhda N.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8939-9315КлимоваА. А.KlimovaAnna A.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2779-8775КрутькоВ. Н.KrutkoVyacheslav N.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6403-0423МитрохинО. В.MitrokhinOleg V.noemail@neicon.ruФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)»РоссияSechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)Russian FederationФГБУН Федеральный исследовательский центр «Информатика и управление» Российской академии наукРоссияFederal Research Center «Computer Science and Control» of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation2022291120226210670679Copyright © Шашина Е.А., Смирнова Т.М., Белова Е.В., Макарова В.В., Исютина-Федоткова Т.С., Заброда Н.Н., Климова А.А., Крутько В.Н., Митрохин О.В., 20222022Шашина Е.А., Смирнова Т.М., Белова Е.В., Макарова В.В., Исютина-Федоткова Т.С., Заброда Н.Н., Климова А.А., Крутько В.Н., Митрохин О.В.Shashina E.A., Smirnova T.M., Belova E.V., Makarova V.V., Isyutina-Fedotkova T.S., Zabroda N.N., Klimova A.A., Krutko V.N., Mitrokhin O.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.journal-irioh.ru/jour/article/view/3053

Ношение маски для лица вызывает побочные реакции у части населения. Эти реакции могут быть связаны с условиями работы.

Цель исследования — анализ субъективных реакций на ношение масок работниками транспортных компаний во время пандемии COVID-19.

В сентябре 2021 г

В сентябре 2021 г. проведён опрос работников транспортных компаний в различных регионах Российской Федерации. Анкета разработана сотрудниками Сеченовского университета. Работники давали субъективную оценку комфортности ношения, частоте и выраженности нежелательных реакций на ношение маски: кожных проявлений и гипергидроза лица, дискомфорта при дыхании, головной боли.

В опросе участвовали 4732 работника (72,3% — мужчины), которые использовали во время пандемии нетканые, неопреновые и хлопчатобумажные маски. Комфортность ношения у рабочих с энергопотреблением ≤139 Вт была значительно выше, чем у всех остальных. У работников с энергозатратами 233–290 Вт почти все реакции были более выражены, по сравнению с лицами с меньшими энерготратами. У женщин реакции появлялись чаще и были сильнее выражены, чем у мужчин. У лиц, работающих в самом теплом климатическом регионе (IV), все реакции были наименее выражены, а комфортность максимальна. Работающие более 12 часов в день отмечали более частое и выраженное появление всех реакций по сравнению с работающими 8 часов. Более комфортным ношение маски было для работающих преимущественно в помещении.

Исследования позволяют сделать вывод, что переносимость масок в большей степени зависит от уровня энерготрат во время работы. Несколько меньшее значение имеют климатический регион, продолжительность рабочей смены и преимущественное место работы (в помещении / на улице).

Ограничения исследования

Ограничения исследования. В данном исследовании анализировалось влияние только условий работы на появление неблагоприятных реакций на ношение маски; не рассматривалось влияние материала маски и продолжительности её ношения, что является темой отдельной публикации. Исследование проведено только по анализу субъективных оценок участников анонимного опроса; появление кожных реакций при объективном осмотре дерматологом не проводилось. Однако большой объем выборки позволяет сделать достоверные выводы.

Этика

Этика. Исследование одобрено локальным этическим комитетом (протокол № 15-21 от 01.09.2021).

Участие авторов

Участие авторов:Шашина Е.А. — концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор и обработка данных, написание текста, написание текста;Смирнова Т.М. — сбор и обработка данных;Белова Е.В. — сбор и обработка данных;Макарова В.В. — редактирование;Исютина-Федоткова Т.С. — редактирование;Заброда Н.Н. — написание текста;Климова А.А. — сбор и обработка данных;Крутько В.Н. — концепция и дизайн исследования;Митрохин О.В. — концепция и дизайн исследования.

Финансирование

Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.    

Конфликт интересов

Конфликт интересов. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.

Дата поступления

Дата поступления: 14.09.2022 / Дата принятия к печати: 04.10.2022 / Дата публикации: 25.11.2022

Wearing a face mask causes adverse reactions in part of the population. These reactions can be associated with the workplace conditions.

The study aims to analyze subjective reactions to the wearing of masks by employees of transport companies during the COVID–19 pandemic.

In September 2021 the researchers have conducted a survey of transport companies’ workers in various regions of the Russian Federation. Specialists from Sechenov University have developed a questionnaire.

The workers gave the subjective assessment of wearing comfort, frequency and severity of adverse reactions to wearing a mask: skin reactions, facial hyperhidrosis, breathing discomfort, and headache.

We have conducted a survey of 4,732 employees (72.3% men) who used non-woven, neoprene and cotton masks during the pandemic. The wearing comfort of workers with an energy consumption of less than 139 watts was significantly higher than that of all others. In workers with an energy consumption of 233–290 watts, almost all reactions were more pronounced compared to workers with the lowest energy consumption. In women, reactions appeared more often and were more pronounced than in men. In persons working in the warmest climatic region (IV), all reactions were the least pronounced, and comfort was maximal. Those working more than 12 hours a day noted a more frequent and pronounced appearance of all reactions compared to those working 8 hours. Wearing a mask was more comfortable for those working mainly indoors.

Studies allow us to conclude that the portability of masks depends more on the level of energy consumption during operation. The climatic region, the duration of the work shift and the preferred place of work (indoors / outdoors) are somewhat less important.

Limitations

Limitations. In this study, scientists analyzed the effect of only working conditions on the appearance of adverse reactions to wearing a mask. We have not considered the influence of the mask material and the duration of its wearing, which is the topic of a separate publication. Experts have conducted the study only based on the analysis of subjective assessments of anonymous survey participants. During an objective examination, the dermatologist did not conduct an examination of the appearance of skin reactions. However, a large sample size allows us to draw reliable conclusions.

Ethics

Ethics. The study was approved by the local Ethics committee (Protocol No. 15-21 of 01.09.2021).

Contribution

Contribution:Shashina E.A. — the concept and design of the study, data collection and processing, writing the textSmirnova T.M. — data collection and processingBelova E.V. — data collection and processingMakarova V.V. — editingIsyutina-Fedotkova T.S. — editingZabroda N.N. — writing the textKlimova A.A. — data collection and processingKrutko V.N. — the concept and design of the studyMitrokhin O.V. — the concept and design of the study

Funding

Funding. The study had no funding.

Conflict of interests

Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests.

Received

Received: 14.09.2022 / Accepted: 04.10.2022 / Published: 25.11.2022

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.