zurniimtpeМедицина труда и промышленная экологияRussian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology1026-94282618-8945FSBSI “Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health”10.31089/1026-9428-2022-62-7-466-474zurniimtpe-2996Research ArticleОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫLITERATURE REVIEWОценка связи тяжести трудового процесса с осложнениями беременности у работниц, состоянием здоровья плода и новорождённогоAssessment of the relationship between the severity of the labor process and complications of pregnancy in female workers, the health of the fetus and newbornФесенкоМарина АлександровнаFesenkoMarina A.

Заведующий лабораторией профилактики нарушений репродуктивного здоровья работников ФГБНУ «НИИ МТ», д-р мед. наук.

e-mail: marnast@mail.ru

The Head of the Laboratory for the Prevention of Reproductive Health disorders of employees, Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health, Dr. of Sci. (Med.).

e-mail: marnast@mail.ru

marnast@mail.ruГолованеваГ. В.GolovanevaGalina V.noemail@neicon.ruМителеваТ. Ю.MitelevaTatyana Yu.noemail@neicon.ruМискевичА. В.MiskevichAndrey V.noemail@neicon.ruФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт медицины труда имени академика Н.Ф. Измерова»РоссияIzmerov Research Institute of Occupational HealthRussian Federation202231082022627466474Copyright © Фесенко М.А., Голованева Г.В., Мителева Т.Ю., Мискевич А.В., 20222022Фесенко М.А., Голованева Г.В., Мителева Т.Ю., Мискевич А.В.Fesenko M.A., Golovaneva G.V., Miteleva T.Y., Miskevich A.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.journal-irioh.ru/jour/article/view/2996

В современных экономических условиях большинство женщин продолжают трудиться во время беременности. По данным Росстата, 2021г. около полумиллиона работниц России заняты на тяжёлых физических работах, что делает актуальным изучение влияния условий труда на течение беременности, здоровье новорождённых.

Цель исследования — анализ и оценка профессионального риска нарушений здоровья беременных женщин-работниц, здоровья рождённых ими детей при действии вредного производственного фактора — тяжести труда.

Для оценки риска воздействия тяжести труда на состояние здоровья, течение беременности женщин-работниц и состояние плода и новорождённого применен метод аналитического обзора и анализа полученных данных.

Показано, что особенно неблагоприятным для беременных работниц является тяжёлый физический труд, включающий подъём и перемещение тяжестей и интенсивная физическая нагрузка. При однократном подъёме грузов массой 11 и более кг риск самопроизвольного выкидыша статистически значимо увеличивается на 31% (OR=1,31; 95% СI 1,08–1,58); преэклампсии — на 35% (OR=1,35; 95% CI 1,07–1,71). При подъёме и перемещении грузов суммарной массой 100 и более кг за смену риск преэклампсии возрастает на 65% (OR=1,65; 95% CI 1,31–2,09), преждевременных родов на 31% (OR=1,31; 95% CI 1,11–1,56); риск рождения новорождённых с низкой массой увеличивается на 108% (OR=2,08, 95% CI 1,06–4,11). При интенсивной физической нагрузке в течение смены риск развития малого для гестационного возраста размеров плода (МГП) увеличивается на 34% (OR=1,34; 95% CI 1,03–1,73). При работе «стоя» в течение четырёх и более часов риск преждевременных родов возрастает на 11% (OR=1,11; 95% CI 1,02–1,22); рождения МГП — на 17% (OR=1,17; 95% CI 1,01–1,35). При работе с наклоном корпуса в течение часа и более риск развития преэклампсии у беременной работницы увеличивается на 51% (OR=1,51; 95% CI 1,09–2,08). Продолжительная ходьба в течение рабочей смены увеличивает на 21% риск развития МГП (OR=1,21; 95% CI 1,06–1,39).

Условия труда, характеризующиеся как тяжёлая физическая нагрузка, статистически значимо повышают риски возникновения самопроизвольного выкидыша, преэклампсии, преждевременных родов, развитие малого для гестационного возраста плода, низкой массы новорождённого и др. Необходима разработка нормативных и методических документов по профилактике осложнений беременности у женщин-работниц, занятых физическим трудом.

Участие авторов

Участие авторов:Фесенко М.А. — концепция и дизайн исследования, анализ и интерпретация данных;Голованева Г.В. — концепция и дизайн исследования, анализ и интерпретация данных, редактирование;Мителева Т.Ю. — сбор и обработка материала, написание текста;Мискевич А.В. — сбор материала.Все соавторы — утверждение окончательного варианта статьи, ответственность за целостность всех частей статьи.

Финансирование

Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.

Конфликт интересов

Конфликт интересов. Авторы статьи сообщают об отсутствии конфликта интересов.

Дата поступления

Дата поступления: 01.08.2022 / Дата принятия к печати: 04.08.2022 / Дата публикации: 15.08.2022

In modern economic conditions, most women continue to work during pregnancy. According to the year of 2021 statistics, there is about half a million female workers are engaged in heavy physical work in Russia, which makes it relevant to study the impact of working conditions on the course of pregnancy, the health of newborns.

The study aims to analyze and assess the occupational risk of health disorders of pregnant women workers, the health of their children born under the influence of a harmful production factor — the severity of labor. The researchers applied the method of analytical review and analysis of the data obtained to assess the risk of the impact of the severity of work on the health status, pregnancy of female workers and the condition of the fetus and newborn. Heavy physical labor, including lifting and moving heavy weights and intense physical exertion is especially unfavorable for pregnant workers.

With a single lifting of loads weighing 11 kg or more, the risk of spontaneous miscarriage significantly increases by 31% (OR=1.31; 95% CI 1.08–1.58); preeclampsia — by 35% (OR=1.35; 95% CI 1.07–1.71). When lifting and moving loads with a total weight of 100 kg or more per shift, the risk of preeclampsia increases by 65% (OR=1.65; 95% CI 1.31–2.09), premature birth by 31% (OR=1.31; 95% CI 1.11–1.56); the risk of low birth weight infants increases by 108% (OR=2.08, 95% CI, 1.06–4.11). With intense physical activity during the shift, the risk of developing fetal sizes small for gestational age (SGA) increases by 34% (OR=1.34; 95% CI 1.03–1.73). When working "standing up" for four or more hours, the risk of premature birth increases by 11% (OR=1.11; 95% CI 1.02–1.22); SGA births — by 17% (OR=1.17; 95% CI 1.01–1.35). When working with a body tilt for an hour or more, the risk of developing preeclampsia in a pregnant worker increases by 51% (OR=1.51; 95% CI 1.09–2.08). Prolonged walking during a work shift increases the risk of developing SGA by 21% (OR=1.21; 95% CI 1.06–1.39).

Working conditions characterized as heavy physical exertion statistically significantly increase the risks of spontaneous miscarriage, preeclampsia, premature birth, the development of a fetus small for gestational age, low newborn weight, etc. It is necessary to develop regulatory and methodological documents for the prevention of pregnancy complications in female workers engaged in physical labor.

Contribution

Contribution:Fesenko M.A. — research concept and design, data analysis and interpretation;Golovaneva G.V. — research concept and design, data analysis and interpretation, editing;Miteleva T.Yu. — collecting and processing material, writing text;Miskevich A.V. — collection of material.All co-authors — approval of the final version of the article, responsibility for the integrity of all parts of the article.

Funding

Funding. The study had no funding.

Conflict of interests

Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests.

Received

Received: 01.08.2022 /Accepted: 04.08.2022 / Published: 15.08.2022

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.