zurniimtpeМедицина труда и промышленная экологияRussian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology1026-94282618-8945FSBSI “Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health”10.31089/1026-9428-2022-62-4-247-253zurniimtpe-2947Research ArticleОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫLITERATURE REVIEWАнализ феномена «смещения внимания» как маркера психоэмоционального напряженияAnalysis of the phenomenon of "attention shift" as a marker of psycho-emotional stresshttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6416-6454АстащенкоАнжела ПавловнаAstashchenkoAngela P.

Доцент кафедры нормальной физиологии, ФГБОУ ВО «ВГМУ им. Н.Н. Бурденко», канд. биол. наук.

e-mail: cercea1@rambler.ru

Associate Professor of the Department of Normal Physiology, Voronezh State Medical University named after N.N. Burdenko, Cand. of Sci. (Biol.).

e-mail: cercea1@rambler.ru

cercea1@rambler.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8236-0613ГубинаО. И.GubinaOlga I.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1480-4013ПоповМ. В.PopovMaksim V.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9025-049XЯщенкоИ. Н.YashchenkoIlya N.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4130-492XСазоноваО. В.SazonovaOlga V.noemail@neicon.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0897-7700ГаврюшинМ. Ю.GavryushinMikhail Ju.noemail@neicon.ruФГБОУ ВО «Воронежский государственный медицинский университет имени Н.Н. Бурденко» Минздрава РоссииРоссияVoronezh State Medical University named after N.N. BurdenkoRussian FederationФГБОУ ВО «Самарский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава РоссииРоссияSamara State Medical UniversityRussian Federation202227052022624247253Copyright © Астащенко А.П., Губина О.И., Попов М.В., Ященко И.Н., Сазонова О.В., Гаврюшин М.Ю., 20222022Астащенко А.П., Губина О.И., Попов М.В., Ященко И.Н., Сазонова О.В., Гаврюшин М.Ю.Astashchenko A.P., Gubina O.I., Popov M.V., Yashchenko I.N., Sazonova O.V., Gavryushin M.J.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.journal-irioh.ru/jour/article/view/2947

Соблюдение принципов гигиены умственного труда является приоритетной задачей при обучении детей и подростков. Представлены результаты анализа психофизиологических исследований, по большей части зарубежных авторов, посвящённых проблеме биомаркеров психоэмоционального напряжения (тревожности, агрессии). Рассматривается феномен смещений внимания (attention biases, attention shifts), а также поведенческого торможения. Проанализирована роль биоэлектрической асимметрии фронтальных зон мозга, миндалевидного тела и префронтальной коры. Показана роль двух базовых мотивационных систем приближения/достижения («approach system») и избегания/отстранения («withdrawal system»). Применение адекватных психофизиологических тестов, таких как: проба с точкой (dot-probe tasks), заданий на смещение внимания (attention shifting tasks), задач временного порядка (temporal order judgment tasks), задач на зрительный поиск (visual search) позволяет наилучшим образом выявлять смещения внимания и наблюдать за изменениями биоэлектрической активности мозга. Показано, что асимметрия ЭЭГ фронтальных зон мозга; соотношения медленных волн ЭЭГ к быстрым (theta/beta ratio; delta/beta ratio); изменения параметров компонентов вызванных потенциалов Р1, N1, N2 и позднего позитивного потенциала (LPP) при смещениях внимания можно рассматривать как маркеры психоэмоционального напряжения. Понимание механизмов смещения внимания к угрожающей информации у тревожных детей и подростков необходимо учитывать при профилактике психического здоровья и для создания корректирующих методов тренировки системы внимания на информацию с противоположным мотивирующим значением, позволяющим в дальнейшем осуществлять адаптивное поведение.

Участие авторов

Участие авторов:Астащенко А.П. — концепция и дизайн исследования;Губина О.И. — концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор и обработка данных;Попов М.В. — сбор и обработка данных, написание и редактирование текста;Ященко И.Н. — написание и редактирование текста;Сазонова О.В. — концепция и дизайн исследования;Гаврюшин М.Ю. — написание и редактирование текста.

Финансирование

Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки. 

Конфликт интересов

Конфликт интересов. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.

Дата поступления

Дата поступления: 11.04.2022 / Дата принятия к печати: 15.04.2022 / Дата публикации: 25.05.2022

Compliance with the principles of mental health is a priority task in the education of children and adolescents. Researchers present the results of the analysis of psychophysiological studies, mostly by foreign authors, devoted to the problem of biomarkers of psycho-emotional stress (anxiety, aggression). The authors have considered the phenomenon of attention biases (attention shifts), as well as behavioral inhibition. We have analyzed the role of bioelectric asymmetry of the frontal areas of the brain, amygdala and prefrontal cortex. Scientists have shown the role of two basic motivational systems of approach/achievement ("approach system") and avoidance/withdrawal ("withdrawal system"). The use of adequate psychophysiological tests, such as: dot-probe tasks, attention shifting tasks, temporal order judgment tasks, visual search tasks allows you to best identify attention shifts and observe changes in the bioelectric activity of the brain. The asymmetry of the EEG of the frontal areas of the brain; the ratios of slow EEG waves to fast ones (theta / beta ratio; delta / beta ratio); changes in the parameters of the components of the evoked potentials P1, N1, N2 and late positive potential (LPP) with attention shifts you can consider as markers of psychoemotional tension. You can take into account the understanding of the mechanisms of shifting attention to threatening information in anxious children and adolescents in the prevention of mental health and to create corrective methods of training the system of attention to information with the opposite motivating value, allowing for adaptive behavior in the future.Contribution:Astashchenko A.P. — research concept and design;Gubina O.I. — research concept and design, data collection and processing;Popov M.V. — data collection and processing, writing and editing of the text;Yashchenko I.N. — writing and editing of the text;Sazonova O.V. — research concept and design;Gavryushin M.Yu. — writing and editing of the text.

Funding

Funding. The study had no funding.

Conflict of interests

Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests.

Received

Received: 11.04.2022 / Accepted: 15.04.2022 / Published: 25.05.2022

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.