zurniimtpeМедицина труда и промышленная экологияRussian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology1026-94282618-8945FSBSI “Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health”10.31089/1026-9428-2022-62-4-225-231zurniimtpe-2944Research ArticleОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИORIGINAL ARTICLESИзучение когнитивной работоспособности и психофизиологического состояния человека-оператора в условиях изоляцииStudy of cognitive performance and psychophysiological state of an operator in conditions of isolation and crowdinghttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0325-6397ЛебедеваСветлана АлексеевнаLebedevaSvetlana A.

мл. научный сотрудник, ГНЦ РФ — Институт медико-биологических проблем РАН, Москва, Российская Федерация.

e-mail: sveta-firefox@yandex.ru

Junior Researcher of Russian Federation State Scientific Center, Institute of Biomedical Problems, RAS.

e-mail: sveta-firefox@yandex.ru

sveta-firefox@yandex.ruШведД. М.ShvedDmitry M.noemail@neicon.ruФГБУН «Государственный научный центр Российской Федерации - Институт медико-биологических проблем РАН»РоссияRussian Federation State Scientific Center, Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian Federation202227052022624225231Copyright © Лебедева С.А., Швед Д.М., 20222022Лебедева С.А., Швед Д.М.Lebedeva S.A., Shved D.M.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.journal-irioh.ru/jour/article/view/2944Введение

Введение. В условиях пандемии нового коронавируса и предпринимаемых мер по сдерживанию распространения инфекции, включая карантинные меры и перевод на удалённую работу, актуальным является изучение эффектов краткосрочных и долгосрочных изоляций на психологическое благополучие и когнитивную работоспособность человека.

Цель исследования — изучение когнитивной работоспособности и психофизиологического состояния человека в условиях изоляции.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. В ИМБП РАН был проведён 14-суточный изоляционный эксперимент, моделирующий полёт на Луну: 6 испытуемых (4 мужчины, 2 женщины) две недели работали и проживали в гермообъёме площадью 12 кв2. С помощью оценки ситуативной тревожности, акустического анализа речи, когнитивных и сенсомоторных тестов были получены данные о взаимосвязи психофизиологического состояния человека и его продуктивности.

Результаты

Результаты. Выявлены значимые корреляции между ситуативной тревожностью и акустическими характеристиками речи. В дни, когда испытуемые говорили тише (р<0,0001), делая больше пауз в речи (р<0,01), а в голосе присутствовал больший процент шиммера (вариабельности по амплитуде) (р<0,0001), испытуемые отмечали большую тревожность. Субъективно воспринимаемая тревожность коррелировала с когнитивной работоспособностью. В более тревожном состоянии испытуемые совершали больше ошибок в математических вычислениях (р<0,01) и затрачивали больше времени на решение (р<0,001); возрастали лабильность (р<0,01) и ошибки (р<0,0001) при выполнении сенсомоторных тестов.

Ограничения исследования

Ограничения исследования. Ограничениями данного исследования можно назвать малый объём выборки, продолжительность изоляционного воздействия, а также ограниченное количество используемых методов изучения физиологического состояния человека.

Выводы

Выводы. Были обнаружены достоверные связи между показателем ситуативной тревожности, акустическими характеристиками речи и когнитивной работоспособностью. Психофизиологическое состояние обследуемых влияло на качество выполнения операторских задач. Изоляция сама по себе не стала значительным психологическим стрессором в данном эксперименте, что могло быть связано с мотивированностью обследуемых. Было обнаружено возрастание тревоги за несколько дней до эксперимента, что могло быть вызвано изменением привычного образа жизни испытуемых, чувством неопределённости и большим количеством обследований.

Этика

Этика. Программа эксперимента была одобрена Комиссией по биомедицинской этике ГНЦ РФ ИМБП РАН № 573 от 1 апреля 2021 г. и полностью соответствовали принципам Хельсинкской декларации 1964 г. Каждый участник исследования добровольно подписал информированное согласие после того, как ему были объяснены потенциальные риски и характер предстоящего исследования.Участие авторов.Лебедева С.А. — концепция и дизайн исследования, сбор и обработка данных, написание текста;Швед Д.М. — концепция и дизайн исследования, редактирование.

Финансирование

Финансирование. РНФ №18-75-10086-П.

Конфликт интересов

Конфликт интересов. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.

Дата поступления

Дата поступления: 20.03.2022 / Дата принятия к печати: 15.04.2022 / Дата публикации: 25.05.2022

Introduction

Introduction. In the context of the pandemic of the new coronavirus and the measures taken to contain the spread of infection, including quarantine measures and transfer to remote work, there is a lack of knowledge about the effects of short- and long-term isolation on psychological well-being and cognitive performance of a person. In this situation, the closest model for studying the processes of adaptation to the conditions of isolation and crowding are isolation experiments.

The study aims to research the cognitive performance and psychophysiological state of a person in conditions of isolation and crowding.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods. Scientists conducted a 14-day isolation experiment simulating a flight to the moon at the Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences: 6 subjects (4 men, 2 women) worked for two weeks and lived in a hermetic volume with an area of 12 sq2. With the help of situational anxiety assessment, acoustic speech analysis, cognitive and sensorimotor tests, experts obtained data on the relationship between the psychophysiological state of a person and his productivity.

Results

Results. Researchers have identified significant correlations between situational anxiety and acoustic characteristics of speech. On days when the subjects spoke at a lower volume (р<0,0001) and had more pauses in their speech (р<0,01), and there was additional variability in the voice amplitude of the speech signal (shimmer effect) (р<0,0001), the subjects noted greater anxiety. Subjectively perceived anxiety correlated with cognitive performance. In a more anxious state, the subjects made more mistakes in mathematical calculations (p<0.01), they needed more time to solve (p<0.001); lability (p<0.01) and errors (p<0.0001) also increased when performing the sensorimotor RDO test.

Limitations

Limitations. The limitations of this study were a small sample size, the duration of isolation exposure, as well as a limited number of methods used to study the physiological state of a person.

Conclusions

Conclusions. The researchers found reliable connections between the indicator of situational anxiety, acoustic characteristics of speech and cognitive performance. The psychophysiological state of the subjects affected the quality of the operator's tasks. Isolation and crowding by themselves did not become significant psychological stressors in this experiment, this was due to the motivation of the subjects. Experts found an increase in anxiety a few days before the experiment due to changes in the usual lifestyle, feelings of insecurity and a large number of examinations.

Ethics

Ethics. The Commission on Biomedical Ethics of the State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation (Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences) approved experimental program No. 573 dated April 1, 2021 in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration of 1964. Each study participant voluntarily signed an informed consent after having the potential risks, benefits and nature of the upcoming study explained to her/him.

Contribution

Contribution:Lebedeva S.A. — the concept and design of the study, data collection and processing, writing the text;Shved D.M. — the concept and design of the study, editing.

Funding

Funding. RNF No. 18-75-10086-P.

Conflict of interests

Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests.

Received

Received: 20.03.2022 / Accepted: 15.04.2022 / Published: 25.05.2022

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.