<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zurniimtpe</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицина труда и промышленная экология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1026-9428</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-8945</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBSI “Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31089/1026-9428-2021-61-10-655-661</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zurniimtpe-2830</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Значение передаточной функции наружного уха для оценки эффективности СИЗ органа слуха</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Transfer function of open ear importance in assessment of hearing protection devices noise reduction</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7767-8483</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Прокопенко</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Prokopenko</surname><given-names>Ludmila V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9631-0000</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Булгакова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bulgakova</surname><given-names>Maria V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7064-5849</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Курьеров</surname><given-names>Николай Николаевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Courierov</surname><given-names>Nicolay N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Старший научный сотрудник ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт медицины труда имени академика Н.Ф. Измерова», канд. биол. наук.</p><p>e-mail: courierov@mail.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Leading researcher in physical factors laboratory of Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health.</p><p>e-mail: courierov@mail.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">courierov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7177-1350</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лагутина</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lagutina</surname><given-names>Alla V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт медицины труда имени академика Н.Ф. Измерова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Izmerov Research Institute of Occupation Health</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>11</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>61</volume><issue>10</issue><fpage>655</fpage><lpage>661</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Прокопенко Л.В., Булгакова М.В., Курьеров Н.Н., Лагутина А.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Прокопенко Л.В., Булгакова М.В., Курьеров Н.Н., Лагутина А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Prokopenko L.V., Bulgakova M.V., Courierov N.N., Lagutina A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.journal-irioh.ru/jour/article/view/2830">https://www.journal-irioh.ru/jour/article/view/2830</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Проблема объективной оценки акустической эффективности (АЭ) средств индивидуальной защиты органа слуха (СИЗОС) в производственных условиях остаётся актуальной, несмотря на многочисленные исследования в этом направлении во многих странах. Показатели эффективности СИЗОС, измеренные методом пороговой аудиометрии в свободном поле (REAT — real ear attenuation threshold), по мнению многих исследователей, не полностью отражают их защитные свойства для конкретных производственных условиях и конкретного работника.</p><p>Цель исследования — реализация метода F-MIRE для измерения акустической эффективности СИЗОС с учётом передаточной функции наружного уха.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Метод измерений акустической эффективности (АЭ), получивший наименование Field-MIRE (F-MIRE), позволяет определить АЭ по разнице звуковых давлений, внешнего шума и шума внутри внешнего слухового прохода наружного уха, измеренных двумя микрофонами. Но поскольку эти микрофоны находятся в различных акустических условиях необходимо ввести, по крайней мере, двух блоков поправочных коэффициентов. Один блок, учитывающий свойства акустического зонда, второй — параметры передаточной функции наружного уха. Проведены измерения передаточной функции наружного уха у 18 добровольцев и оценка АЭ противошумного наушника типа СОМЗ-1 «Ягуар» в условиях производства.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Исследования показали результативность реализации метода F-MIRE для адекватной оценки акустической эффективности противошумных наушников на производстве. Использование специального оголовья для измерения передаточной функции уха (TFOE) позволяет стандартизовать расположение измерительных микрофонов относительно головы добровольца и снизить неопределённость измерений. Метод F-MIRE позволяет определить TFOE для каждого уха работника, что невозможно при использовании метода REAT при бинауральном прослушивании в свободном звуковом поле, проведённые исследования показали, что различия TFOE между правым и левым ухом могут быть значительными.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Определение АЭ СИЗОС по разности звуковых давлений, измеренных внешним микрофоном и микрофоном MIRE, без учёта акустических свойств наружного уха, как это делалось в некоторых ранее проведённых исследованиях, занижает не только спектральные, но и одночисловые показатели АЭ.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Objective assessment of the noise redaction (NR) of individual hearing protection devices (HDP) in industrial conditions is actual problem despite numerous studies in this direction in many countries.</p><p>This study aimed to implement the F-MIRE method for measuring the NR of HDPs, considering the transfer function of the outer ear.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. HDP performance indicators measured by the real ear attenuation threshold (REAT) method in the free field, do not fully reflect the protective properties of HDP in specific production conditions and for a specific employee, according to many researchers.</p><p>The measurement method using two microphones, called Field-MIRE (F-MIRE), allows you to determine NR as the difference in sound pressure, external noise and noise inside the external auditory meatus (EAM). But since these microphones are located in different acoustic conditions, it becomes necessary use at least two blocks of correction coefficients to get real results. One block — considering the properties of the acoustic probe, the second — should consider the transfer function of open ear.</p><p>The measurements of the TFOE in 18 volunteers and the evaluation of the NR of the SOMZ-1 "Jaguar" earmuff in industrial conditions were carried out.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. This study has shown the effectiveness of the implementation of the F-MIRE method for an adequate assessment of the NR of earmuff in industrial conditions. The special headband uses for measuring the TFOE allows you to standardize the location of measuring microphones relative to the volunteer's head and reduce the uncertainty of measurements. Unlike the REAT method with binaural listening in a free field, the F-MIRE method allows you to determine the TFOE for each ear of an employee. Our research has shown that TFOE differences between the right and left ears one-man can be significant.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The NR determination by the difference of sound pressures measured by an external microphone and a MIRE microphone, without considering the acoustic properties of the outer ear underestimates both spectral and single-digit NR indicators.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>акустическая эффективность</kwd><kwd>средства индивидуальной защиты органа слуха</kwd><kwd>противошумный наушник</kwd><kwd>передаточная функция наружного уха</kwd><kwd>метод F-MIRE</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>noise redaction</kwd><kwd>hearing protection devices</kwd><kwd>earmuff</kwd><kwd>transfer functions of open ear</kwd><kwd>F-MIRE method</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Behar A. Field evaluation of hearing protectors. Noise Control Eng J. 1985; 24: 13-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Behar A. Field evaluation of hearing protectors. Noise Control Eng J. 1985; 24: 13-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Berger E.H., Franks J.R., Lindgren F., Axelsson A., Borchgrevink H., Hamernik R.P., Hellstrom L., Henderson D., Salvi R.J. Chapter 29 - international review of field studies of hearing protector attenuation, Scientific basis of noise-induced hearing loss. 1996, New-York, NY Thieme Medical Publisher: 361-77.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berger E.H., Franks J.R., Lindgren F., Axelsson A., Borchgrevink H., Hamernik R.P., Hellstrom L., Henderson D., Salvi R.J. Chapter 29 - international review of field studies of hearing protector attenuation, Scientific basis of noise-induced hearing loss. 1996, New-York, NY Thieme Medical Publisher: 361-77.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Casali J.G., Park M.-Y. Attenuation of four hearing protectors under dynamic movement and different user fitting conditions. Hum factors. 1990; 32: 9-25.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Casali J.G., Park M.-Y. Attenuation of four hearing protectors under dynamic movement and different user fitting conditions. Hum factors. 1990; 32: 9-25.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nélisse H., Gaudreau M-A, Boutin J., Voix J., Laville F. Measurement of Hearing Protection Devices Performance in the Workplace during Full-Shift Working Operations. The Annals of Occupational Hygiene. 2012; 56(2): 221-32. https://doi.org/10.1093/annhyg/mer087</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nélisse H., Gaudreau M-A, Boutin J., Voix J., Laville F. Measurement of Hearing Protection Devices Performance in the Workplace during Full-Shift Working Operations. The Annals of Occupational Hygiene. 2012; 56(2): 221-32. https://doi.org/10.1093/annhyg/mer087</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Berger E.H. Hearing protector performance: how they work - and - what goes wrong in the real world. 1980 E-A-RLog Series of Technical Monographs on Hearing and Hearing Protection. Indianapolis, IN: 3M Company: 1-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berger E.H. Hearing protector performance: how they work - and - what goes wrong in the real world. 1980 E-A-RLog Series of Technical Monographs on Hearing and Hearing Protection. Indianapolis, IN: 3M Company: 1-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Durkt G.J. Field evaluations of hearing protection devices at surface mining environments, 1993 Pittsburgh, PAU. S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Adminpg: 39</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Durkt G.J. Field evaluations of hearing protection devices at surface mining environments, 1993 Pittsburgh, PAU. S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health Adminpg: 39</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Giardano D.A., Durkt G.J. Evaluation of muff-type hearing protectors as used in a working environment. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1996; 57: 264-71.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Giardano D.A., Durkt G.J. Evaluation of muff-type hearing protectors as used in a working environment. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1996; 57: 264-71.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Otte R.J., Agterberg M.J.H., Van Wanrooij M.M., Snik A.F.M., Van Opstal A.J. (2013). Age-related hearing loss and ear morphology affect vertical but not horizontal sound-localization performance. J. Assoc. Res. Otolaryngol. 14: 261-73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10162-012-0367-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Otte R.J., Agterberg M.J.H., Van Wanrooij M.M., Snik A.F.M., Van Opstal A.J. (2013). Age-related hearing loss and ear morphology affect vertical but not horizontal sound-localization performance. J. Assoc. Res. Otolaryngol. 14: 261-73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10162-012-0367-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kotarbińska E., Kozłowski E. Measurement of effective noise exposure of workers wearing earmuffs. International Journal of Occupational Safetyand Ergonomics (JOSE). 2009; 15(2): 193-200.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kotarbińska E., Kozłowski E. Measurement of effective noise exposure of workers wearing earmuffs. International Journal of Occupational Safetyand Ergonomics (JOSE). 2009; 15(2): 193-200.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">PralongD., Carlile S. Measuring the human head-related transfer functions: a novel method for the construction and calibration of a miniature "in-ear" recording system. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 95: 3435-44.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">PralongD., Carlile S. Measuring the human head-related transfer functions: a novel method for the construction and calibration of a miniature "in-ear" recording system. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 95: 3435-44.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shaw E.A., and Teranishi, R. Sound pressure generated in an external-ear replica and real human ears by a nearby point source. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1968; 44: 240-9. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1911059</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shaw E.A., and Teranishi, R. Sound pressure generated in an external-ear replica and real human ears by a nearby point source. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1968; 44: 240-9. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1911059</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Voix J. Mise au point d'un bouchond'oreille "intelligent". 2006 Thèse de doctorat. Montréal, Canada: École de Technologie Supérieure.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Voix J. Mise au point d'un bouchond'oreille "intelligent". 2006 Thèse de doctorat. Montréal, Canada: École de Technologie Supérieure.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Voix J., Laville F. The objective measurement of individual earplug field performance. J Acoust Soc Am. 2009; 125: 3722.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Voix J., Laville F. The objective measurement of individual earplug field performance. J Acoust Soc Am. 2009; 125: 3722.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Voix J., Hager L.D. Individual Fit Testing of Hearing Protection Device. 2015; 08 Jan: 211-219 https://doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2009.11076802</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Voix J., Hager L.D. Individual Fit Testing of Hearing Protection Device. 2015; 08 Jan: 211-219 https://doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2009.11076802</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Berger E.H. Introducing F-MIRE testing: background and concepts (Report EAR 06-29/HP). Indianapolis, IN, USA: Aearo; 2007.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berger E.H. Introducing F-MIRE testing: background and concepts (Report EAR 06-29/HP). Indianapolis, IN, USA: Aearo; 2007.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Searchfield G.D., Purdy S.C. Probe Microphone Placement for Real Ear Measurement: Update on a Simple Acoustic Method. American Journal of Audiology. 1997; 6(2): 49-54. https://doi.org/10.1044/1059-0889.0602.49</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Searchfield G.D., Purdy S.C. Probe Microphone Placement for Real Ear Measurement: Update on a Simple Acoustic Method. American Journal of Audiology. 1997; 6(2): 49-54. https://doi.org/10.1044/1059-0889.0602.49</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алдошина И.А. Основы психоакустики. [Aldoshina I.A. Osnovy_psihoakustiki] Available at: https://nsk.jagannath.ru/users_files/books/Osnovy_psihoakustiki.pdf</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Алдошина И.А. Основы психоакустики. [Aldoshina I.A. Osnovy_psihoakustiki] Available at: https://nsk.jagannath.ru/users_files/books/Osnovy_psihoakustiki.pdf</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Areias B., Parente M., Gentil F., Santos C., Jorge R.N. A numerical study of the human ear. Conference: 2017 IEEE 5th Portuguese Meeting on Bioengineering. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1109/ENBENG.2017.7889442</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Areias B., Parente M., Gentil F., Santos C., Jorge R.N. A numerical study of the human ear. Conference: 2017 IEEE 5th Portuguese Meeting on Bioengineering. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1109/ENBENG.2017.7889442</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carlile S., Pralong D. The location-dependent nature of perceptually salient features of the human head-related transfer function. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 95, 3445-3459. https://doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2009.1107680210.1121/1.409965</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carlile S., Pralong D. The location-dependent nature of perceptually salient features of the human head-related transfer function. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 95, 3445-3459. https://doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2009.1107680210.1121/1.409965</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wenzel E.M., Arruda M., Kistler D.J., Wightman F.L. (1993). Localization using non-individulaized head-related transfer functions. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1993; 94, 111-23.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wenzel E.M., Arruda M., Kistler D.J., Wightman F.L. (1993). Localization using non-individulaized head-related transfer functions. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1993; 94, 111-23.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
