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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zurniimtpe</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицина труда и промышленная экология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1026-9428</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-8945</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBSI “Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31089/1026-9428-2021-61-10-636-646</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zurniimtpe-2828</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка состояния условно-рефлекторной деятельности в процессе жидкостного дыхания</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Assessment of the condition of conditioned reflex activity in the process of liquid respiration</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тоньшин</surname><given-names>Антон Александрович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tonshin</surname><given-names>Anton. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Заведующий лабораторией токсикологии, ФГБНУ «НИИ МТ», канд. биол. наук.</p><p>e-mail: atonshin@yandex.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of the toxicology laboratory, Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health, Cand. of Sci. (Biol.).</p><p>e-mail: atonshin@yandex.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">atonshin@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бонитенко</surname><given-names>Е. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bonitenko</surname><given-names>Evgeny Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Котский</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kotskiyi</surname><given-names>Mikhail A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макаров</surname><given-names>А. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarov</surname><given-names>Artur F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бала</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bala</surname><given-names>Anatoliyi M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковалева</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovaleva</surname><given-names>Alina S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Родченкова</surname><given-names>П. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rodchenkova</surname><given-names>Polina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лапшинова</surname><given-names>Б. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lapshinova</surname><given-names>Bozhena O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Блинцова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Blintcova</surname><given-names>Nataliya V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт медицины труда имени академика Н.Ф. Измерова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт медицины труда имени академика Н.Ф. Измерова»; ФГОУ ВО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет имени И.И. Мечникова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health; Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Фонд перспективных исследований</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The Advanced Research Foundation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>11</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>61</volume><issue>10</issue><fpage>636</fpage><lpage>646</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Тоньшин А.А., Бонитенко Е.Ю., Котский М.А., Макаров А.Ф., Бала А.М., Ковалева А.С., Родченкова П.В., Лапшинова Б.О., Блинцова Н.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Тоньшин А.А., Бонитенко Е.Ю., Котский М.А., Макаров А.Ф., Бала А.М., Ковалева А.С., Родченкова П.В., Лапшинова Б.О., Блинцова Н.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tonshin A.A., Bonitenko E.Y., Kotskiyi M.A., Makarov A.F., Bala A.M., Kovaleva A.S., Rodchenkova P.V., Lapshinova B.O., Blintcova N.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.journal-irioh.ru/jour/article/view/2828">https://www.journal-irioh.ru/jour/article/view/2828</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Жидкостное дыхание — способность лёгких млекопитающих получать для дыхания кислород, растворенный в жидкости и выделять в неё углекислый газ. Перспективная область применения — обеспечение глубоководных работ. Для применения жидкостного дыхания при проведении глубоководных работ, необходимо, чтобы технология обеспечивала не только нормальное функционирование всех органов и систем организма и предотвращала развитие декомпрессионной болезни, но и позволяла осуществлять сознательную деятельность.</p><p>Цель исследования — оценка сохранности условно-рефлекторной деятельности при самостоятельном жидкостном дыхании у лабораторных животных в условиях нормобарии.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Исследование выполнено на самцах сирийских хомяков возрастом 4 месяца, массой 120–140 г. Для исследования разработан стенд, представляющий 8-ми уровневый вертикальный лабиринт с фиксатором, погружаемый в аквариум. Исследование выполнено в два этапа. На первом этапе у животных вырабатывали условный рефлекс активного избегания утопления в условиях дыхания воздухом. Животное помещали на нижнем уровне, после чего лабиринт начинали погружать в аквариум, заполненный водой со скоростью, при которой только голова животного находилась над уровнем воды. Угроза утопления побуждала животное к поиску прохода на вышерасположенный уровень. Тренировки проводили 3 раза в день в течение 10 дней. На втором этапе изучали влияние различных условий жидкостного дыхания на состояние условно-рефлекторной деятельности животных. Использовали две дыхательные жидкости — перфторгексан и перфтордекалин — в трёх температурных режимах: 22,0, 27,0 и 32,0°С. Аквариум вместо воды заполняли оксигенированной дыхательной жидкостью необходимой температуры. Лабиринт с фиксированным на нижнем уровне животным полностью погружали в аквариум. После перехода на жидкостное дыхание животное снимали с фиксации. С момента снятия с фиксации начинался отсчёт времени прохождения лабиринта. Оценку состояния условно-рефлекторной деятельности осуществляли по количеству животных в группе, успешно прошедших лабиринт и среднему времени его прохождения.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Животные на жидкостном дыхании в перфторгексане успешно прошли лабиринт во всех температурных режимах. Среднее время прохождения при 22,0°С составило 323±94 с; 27,0°С — 45±12 с; 32,0°С — 147±101 с. Животные на жидкостном дыхании в перфтордекалине успешно прошли лабиринт при температуре 27,0°С, среднее время прохождения — 131±79 с; при температуре 32,0°С успешно прошли лабиринт 20% животных, среднее время — 32,5 с; при температуре 22,0°С ни одно животное не прошло лабиринт.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Условно-рефлекторная деятельность при самостоятельном жидкостном дыхании у мелких лабораторных животных в условиях нормобарии сохраняется и зависит от физико-химических свойств и температуры дыхательной жидкости.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Liquid respiration is the ability of mammalian lungs to receive oxygen dissolved in a liquid for respiration and release carbon dioxide into it. A promising field of application is the provision of marine operations. For the use of liquid respiration during deep-sea operations, the technology must ensure the normal functioning of all organs and systems of the body, prevent decompression sickness, and allow conscious activity.</p><p>The study aims to assess the safety of conditioned reflex activity during independent liquid respiration in laboratory animals in normobaric conditions.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. We performed the study on male Syrian hamsters aged four months, weighing 120-140 g. Researchers have developed a stand with an eight-level maze with a lock. We immersed the labyrinth in an aquarium. The scientists carried out the study in two stages. At the first stage, we have developed in animals a conditioned reflex of actively avoiding drowning in conditions of breathing air. The researchers placed the animal on the lower level, then immersed the maze in an aquarium filled with water at a speed that only the animal's head was above the water level. The threat of drowning prompted the animal to search for a passage to a higher level. The training was three times a day for ten days. At the second stage, scientists studied the influence of various conditions of liquid respiration on the state of the conditioned reflex activity of animals. We used two respiratory fluids — perfluorohexane (PFH) and perfluorodecalin (PFD) in three temperature regimes: 22.0, 27.0, and 32.0°C. The researchers filled the aquarium with two oxygenated respiratory fluids of the required temperature instead of water. We have entirely immersed the maze with the animal fixed at the lower level in the aquarium. After switching to liquid respiration, scientists removed the animal from fixation. From the moment of removal from fixation, the countdown of the passage of the maze began. First, we assessed the condition of conditioned reflex activity by the number of animals in the group that successfully passed the maze and the average time of its passage.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Animals on liquid respiration in perfluorohexane successfully passed the labyrinth in all temperature conditions. The average transit time at 22.0°C was 323±94 s; 27.0°C — 45±12 s; 32.0°C — 147±101 s. Animals on liquid respiration in perfluorodecalin successfully passed the labyrinth at a temperature of 27.0°C; the average passage time is 131±79 s; at a temperature of 32.0°C, 20% of animals successfully passed the labyrinth, the average time is 32.5 s; at a temperature of 22.0°C, none of the animals passed the maze.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. Conditioned reflex activity during independent liquid respiration in small laboratory animals in normobaric conditions persists and depends on the physico-chemical properties and temperature of the respiratory fluid.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>жидкостное дыхание</kwd><kwd>условно-рефлекторная деятельность</kwd><kwd>физиология поведения</kwd><kwd>лабиринт для животных</kwd><kwd>принудительное плавание</kwd><kwd>гипотермия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>liquid respiration</kwd><kwd>conditioned reflex activity</kwd><kwd>physiology of behavior</kwd><kwd>maze for animals</kwd><kwd>forced swimming</kwd><kwd>hypothermia</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kylstra J.A., Tissing M.O. van der Maen. Of mice as fish. 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