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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zurniimtpe</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицина труда и промышленная экология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1026-9428</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-8945</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBSI “Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31089/1026-9428-2021-61-9-580-587</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zurniimtpe-2807</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сравнение риска смертности от солидных раков после радиационных инцидентов и профессионального облучения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comparing the risk of mortality from solid cancer after radiation incidents and occupational radiation exposure</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8700-7624</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Котеров</surname><given-names>Алексей Николаевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Koterov</surname><given-names>Aleksey N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зав. лабораторией ФГБУ «Государственный научный Центр РФ — Федеральный биофизический центр им. А.И. Бурназяна» ФМБА России, д-р биол. наук.</p><p>e-mail: govorilga@inbox.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Head of Laboratory of Russian State Research Center — Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Ph.D. (Full Doctor of Biological Sciences).</p><p>e-mail: govorilga@inbox.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">govorilga@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8486-8007</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ушенкова</surname><given-names>Л. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ushenkova</surname><given-names>Liliya N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калинина</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalinina</surname><given-names>Mariya V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2165-6984</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бирюков</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Biryukov</surname><given-names>Aleksandr P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Государственный научный центр Российской федерации - Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр имени А.И. Бурназяна» ФМБА России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A.I. Burnasyan Medical Biophysical Center</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>10</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>61</volume><issue>9</issue><fpage>580</fpage><lpage>587</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Котеров А.Н., Ушенкова Л.Н., Калинина М.В., Бирюков А.П., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Котеров А.Н., Ушенкова Л.Н., Калинина М.В., Бирюков А.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Koterov A.N., Ushenkova L.N., Kalinina M.V., Biryukov A.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.journal-irioh.ru/jour/article/view/2807">https://www.journal-irioh.ru/jour/article/view/2807</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Проблема сравнения медико-биологических эффектов острого облучения (включая аварийное и после ядерных катастроф) с эффектами фракционированного и хронического воздействия возникла с первых этапов развития радиационных дисциплин. В эксперименте было не раз обнаружено, что выход различных последствий лучевой экспозиции снижается в зависимости от уровня (мощности) дозы, поскольку клетки имеют время на восстановление от сублетальных повреждений.</p><p>Цель исследования — сравнение избыточного относительного риска (ERR на 1 Зв) смертности от солидных раков при остром — катастрофическом либо аварийном, и профессиональном — фракционированном или хроническом облучении.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Поддерживаемая база данных (база источников) по работникам ядерной индустрии из порядка 40 стран, на основе которой проведён объединяющий анализ данных для определения интегральной величины ERR на 1 Гр по смертности от раков для сравнения с показателями когорт, подвергавшихся катастрофическому и аварийному облучению: когорта LSS пострадавших от атомных бомбардировок в Японии, резиденты реки Теча (радиоактивное загрязнение из-за выбросов с ПО «Маяк») и российские ликвидаторы аварии на Чернобыльской АЭС.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Сравнение величины ERR смертности от раков на 1 Зв для работников мировой ядерной индустрии (объединяющий анализ данных 37 исследований) с показателями когорты LSS, резидентов на реке Теча и ликвидаторов аварии на Чернобыльской АЭС продемонстрировало отсутствие поддающихся логике и принципиальных отличий, причём риски для двух последних когорт были наиболее высоки.</p><p>Хотя полученные данные отчасти подтверждают подход последних лет Научного комитета по действию атомной радиации ООН, согласно которому канцерогенные эффекты острого, аварийного, и фракционированного или хронического лучевых воздействий не зависят от фактора мощности дозы (DDREF), тем не менее, с учётом биологических механизмов и данных радиобиологических экспериментов, этот вопрос не может считаться однозначно решённым.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Исходя из ERR на 1 Зв, из средней дозы внешнего облучения, а также из величины ежегодной фоновой смертности от рака в России и США, ожидаемая прибавка смертности от раков для 100 тыс. работников ядерной индустрии составит в среднем 32–69 человек за 10 лет (0,032–0,069% от группы). Подобные риски, в связи со множеством канцерогенных нелучевых факторов жизни и работы, равно как и колебаний фонового значения, невозможно учитывать в практике медицины и здравоохранения.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The purpose of the study is to compare the excess relative risk (ERR per 1 Sv) of solid cancer mortality in acute — catastrophic or emergency, and occupational — fractionated or chronic exposure.</p><p>Materials and research methods. A maintained database (database of sources) on nuclear workers from about 40 countries, on the basis of it a combined data analysis was carried out to determine the integral ERR value per 1 Gy for cancer mortality for comparison with parameters of cohorts exposed to catastrophic and emergency exposure: the LSS cohort victims of the atomic bombings in Japan, residents of the Techa River (radioactive contamination due to emissions from the Mayak plant) and Russian liquidators of the Chernobyl accident.</p><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Comparison of the ERR per 1 Sv for cancer mortality for workers in the global nuclear industry (combining analysis of data from 37 studies) with the parameters of the LSS cohort, residents on the Techa River and liquidators of the Chernobyl accident showed the absence of logical and principial differences, and the risks for the last two cohorts were the highest.</p><p>Although the data obtained partly confirm the approach of recent years by the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, according to which the carcinogenic effects of acute, accidental, and fractionated or chronic radiation exposure do not depend on the dose rate factor (DDREF), nevertheless, taking into account biological mechanisms and data radiobiological experiments, this issue cannot be considered unambiguously resolved.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Based on the ERR per 1 Sv, the average external dose, and the annual background cancer mortality in Russia and the United States, the expected increase in cancer mortality for 100,000 nuclear workers will average 32–69 people over 10 years (0.032–0.069% of the group). Such risks, due to the many carcinogenic non-radiation factors of life and work, as well as fluctuations in the background value, cannot be taken into account in the practice of medicine and health care.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>катастрофическое и аварийное облучение</kwd><kwd>фракционированное и хроническое облучение</kwd><kwd>риск солидных раков</kwd><kwd>работники ядерной индустрии</kwd><kwd>пострадавшие от атомных бомбардировок</kwd><kwd>резиденты реки Теча</kwd><kwd>ликвидаторы аварии на Чернобыльской АЭС</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>catastrophic and emergency radiation exposure</kwd><kwd>fractionated and chronic radiation exposure</kwd><kwd>the risk of solid cancers</kwd><kwd>nuclear industry workers</kwd><kwd>victims of atomic bomb</kwd><kwd>residents of the Techa River</kwd><kwd>liquidators of the Chernobyl accident</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">UNSCEAR 1958. 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