zurniimtpeМедицина труда и промышленная экологияRussian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology1026-94282618-8945FSBSI “Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health”10.31089/1026-9428-2021-61-2-115-124zurniimtpe-2646Research ArticleОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫLITERATURE REVIEWФакторы риска боли в нижней части спины у представителей рабочих профессий: систематический обзорRisk factors for lower back pain in working-class people: systematic reviewhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2016-8022ЗаздравныхЕвгений АлександровичZazdravnykhE. A.

Доц. департамента менеджмента, мл. науч. сотрудник Международного центра экономики, управления и политики в области здоровья Национального исследовательского университета «Высшая школа экономики», канд. эконом. наук.

e-mail: ezazdravnykh@hse.ru

Associate professor of the Department of Management, junior research associate of the International Center for Health Economics, Management and Policy of the National Research University "Higher School of Economics", Cand. of Sci. (Econ.).

e-mail: ezazdravnykh@hse.ru

ezazdravnykh@hse.ruКислицынД. В.KislitcynD. V.noemail@neicon.ruАлександроваЕ. А.AlexandrovaE. A.noemail@neicon.ruНациональный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»РоссияNational Research University Higher School of EconomicsRussian Federation202112032021612115124Copyright © Заздравных Е.А., Кислицын Д.В., Александрова Е.А., 20212021Заздравных Е.А., Кислицын Д.В., Александрова Е.А.Zazdravnykh E.A., Kislitcyn D.V., Alexandrova E.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.journal-irioh.ru/jour/article/view/2646

Боль в нижней части спины является распространённой клинической проблемой, вызывающей нетрудоспособность. Представители рабочих профессий особенно подвержены риску возникновения этого синдрома из-за физического характера работы. При этом существующие систематические обзоры, посвящённые факторам риска боли в нижней части спины, как правило, уделяют недостаточное внимание рабочим профессиям.

Цель исследования — обобщить и систематизировать результаты научных исследований о физических и психосоциальных факторах риска боли в нижней части спины для представителей рабочих профессий.

Систематический обзор опубликованных научных исследований, которые индексируются в базах данных Medline, Web of Science, Scopus. Авторы отобрали 14 исследований, опубликованных в ведущих научных журналах, целью которых была оценка взаимосвязи профессиональных факторов риска и наличия боли в нижней части спины среди представителей рабочих профессий. Результаты исследований систематизированы согласно классификации физических и психосоциальных факторов риска.

Главным физическим фактором риска боли в нижней части спины является подъем и спуск тяжёлых предметов без помощи специализированного оборудования. Также существуют свидетельства, что частые изгибы и повороты корпуса, а также монотонный характер работы связаны с более высоким риском наличия боли в нижней части спины. Важнейшими психосоциальным фактором риска боли в нижней части спины являются работа в ночные смены и высокий уровень стресса на рабочем месте.

Lower back pain is a common clinical problem that causes disability. Members of the working professions are particularly at risk of developing this syndrome due to the physical nature of the work. At the same time, the existing systematic reviews on the risk factors for lower back pain, as a rule, do not pay enough attention to working professions.

The aim of the study is to generalize and systematize the results of scientific research on the physical and psychosocial risk factors for lower back pain for representatives of working professions.

A systematic review of published scientific research that is indexed in the Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. The authors selected 14 studies published in leading scientific journals, the purpose of which was to assess the relationship between occupational risk factors and the presence of lower back pain among representatives of working professions. The research results are systematized according to the classification of physical and psychosocial risk factors.

The main physical risk factor for lower back pain is lifting and lowering heavy objects without the help of specialized equipment. There is also evidence that frequent body twists and turns, as well as the monotonous nature of the work, are associated with a higher risk of having lower back pain. The most important psychosocial risk factors for lower back pain are working night shifts and high levels of workplace stress.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.