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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">zurniimtpe</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицина труда и промышленная экология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1026-9428</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2618-8945</issn><publisher><publisher-name>FSBSI “Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31089/1026-9428-2020-60-12-951-957</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">zurniimtpe-2618</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LITERATURE REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Интеллектуальный труд — физиология, гигиена, медицина: ретроспектива и современные фундаментальные исследования</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Intellectual labour — physiology, hygiene, medicine: retrospective and modern fundamental research</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Еремин</surname><given-names>Алексей Львович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Eryomin</surname><given-names>Alexei L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Каф. гигиены и экологии, НОЧУ ВО «Кубанский медицинский институт», д-р мед. наук.</p><p>e-mail: aeremin@yandex.ru</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of hygiene and ecology, Kuban Medical Institute, Dr. of Sci. (Med.).</p><p>e-mail: aeremin@yandex.ru</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aeremin@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5983-3547</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зибарев</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zibarev</surname><given-names>Evgeny V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">noemail@neicon.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>НОЧУ ВО «Кубанский медицинский институт»; ООО «Научно-исследовательский институт гигиены и экологии»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kuban Medical Institute; Research Institute of Hygiene and Ecology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт медицины труда имени академика Н.Ф. Измерова»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>60</volume><issue>12</issue><fpage>951</fpage><lpage>957</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Еремин А.Л., Зибарев Е.В., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Еремин А.Л., Зибарев Е.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eryomin A.L., Zibarev E.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.journal-irioh.ru/jour/article/view/2618">https://www.journal-irioh.ru/jour/article/view/2618</self-uri><abstract><p>Переход к постиндустриальному обществу, изменение цивилизации и новые вызовы современности требуют как глубокого изучения современного положения дел по фундаментальным исследованиям морфо-физиологии интеллекта, широкого обсуждения и выработки стратегий академическим сообществом, так и разработки новых научно-прикладных подходов по оптимизации интеллектуальной деятельности, обозначению профилактических трендов к психическому, физическому и социальному благополучию.</p><p>Цель исследований - проведение анализа многофакторного ретроспективного и современных фундаментальных исследований для обозначения возможных прогнозируемых смен направлений поиска знаний, как феномена интеллекта в целесообразной, сознательной деятельности человека для удовлетворения потребностей индивида и общества, так и трендов изучения интеллектуального труда в физиологии, гигиене и медицине.</p><p>Проведен анализ современной общепринятой семантики по документам ВОЗ, МОТ, ИСО, российского законодательства. На базе анализа основных этапов и открытий структурно-функциональных элементов естественной интеллектуальной системы за 26 веков истории нейронаук и других систем знаний, связанных с интеллектуальным трудом. Определены параметры, стандарты измерений, лимиты, важные при интеллектуальной деятельности. Проанализированы современные методы изучения интеллекта и оптимизации интеллектуального труда.</p><p>В современном понятийном аппарате: работник интеллектуального труда (knowledge worker), при труде осуществляет интеллектуальные функции (МКФ, ВОЗ), которые связаны со здоровьем мозга (ВОЗ), умственными нагрузками, напряжением, стрессом (ИСО), могут приводить к психическим и поведенческим расстройствам (МОТ), связаны с результатами интеллектуальной деятельности (ГК РФ) и интеллектуальным продуктом (ТК РФ). К настоящему времени в изучении интеллекта развиваются парадигмы электрическая, нейробиологическая, информационная, коннектома и ноогенеза. На факторы рабочей среды могут оказывать влияния общая стратегия развития информационного общества и цифровой экономики, дигитальный тейлоризм, развитие аддикций и «порабощения человека интернетом». При интеллектуальной деятельности важны: информационная скорость (от 100 м/с до 300 млн м/с); объемы производимой и передаваемой информации её качество и полезность контента; сотрудничество (cooperation) человека и коннектом всемирной сети (от 150 до 1 трлн связей). Смену парадигм в изучении интеллекта формируют новые методы исследований, в т. ч. фМРТ, КТ, МЭГ, ТЭС, ПЭТ, ТМС и др. с определением локализации интеллектуальных функций в мозге и пр. К развивающимся профилактическим трендам можно отнести информационную гигиену, гигиену питания мозга и ноофармакологию.</p><p>Анализ фундаментальных основ интеллекта и эволюции его параметров, наряду с новыми методами исследований, может быть полезен для прогноза научных гипотез и трендов изучения в физиологии, гигиене и медицине особенностей интеллектуального труда. Стратегии развития информационного (И) общества, стандарты измерения И, феномены И бума, И перегрузок, И загрязнения, наряду с появлениями И-зависимых патологий, формируют актуальность развития И экологии и И гигиены. Целесообразна разработка санитарных правил и гигиенических рекомендаций организации информационно-технологических процессов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The transition to a postindustrial society, change of civilizations and new challenges require both in-depth study of current status on basic research morpho-physiology of natural intelligence, a broad discussion and formulation of strategies by the academic community, and the development of new scientific and applied approaches of optimization of intellectual activity, defining preventive trends for mental, physical and social well-being.</p><p>The aim of study is to analyze multi-factor retrospective and modern fundamental research to identify possible predicted changes in the directions of knowledge search, such as the phenomenon of intelligence in purposeful, conscious human activity aimed at meeting the needs of the individual and society, and trends in the study of intellectual labor in physiology, hygiene and medicine.</p><p>The analysis of modern generally accepted semantics according to the documents of WHO, ILO, ISO, and Russian legislation is carried out. Based on the analysis of the main stages and discoveries of structural and functional elements of the natural intellectual system over 26 centuries of the history of neuroscience and other knowledge systems related to intellectual labour. Parameters, measurement standards, and limits that are important for intellectual activity are defined. Modern methods of studying intelligence and optimizing intellectual activity are analyzed.</p><p>In the modern conceptual apparatus: knowledge worker, when working performs intellectual functions (ICF, WHO), which are related to brain health (WHO), mental loads, strain, stress (ISO), can lead to mental and behavioral disorders (ILO), are associated with the results of intellectual activity (Civil Code of the Russian Federation) and intellectual product (Labour Code of the Russian Federation). To date, the paradigms of wiring, neurobiological, informational, connectome, and noogenesis are developing in the study of intelligence. The factors of the working environment can be influenced by the general strategy for the development of the information society and the digital economy, digital taylorism, the development of addictions and the "enslavement of people by the Internet". In intellectual activity, the following are important: information speed (from 100 m/s to 300 million m/s); the volume of information produced and transmitted, its quality and usefulness of content; cooperation between a person and the world wide web connection (from 150 to 1 trillion connections). New research methods, including fMRI, CT, MEG, TES, PET, TMS, etc., are shaping the paradigm shift in the study of intelligence. with the determination of the localization of intellectual functions in the brain. Developing predictive trends include information hygiene, hygiene of nutrition of the brain and noopharmacology.</p><p>Analysis of the fundamental foundations of intelligence and the evolution of its parameters, along with new research methods, can be useful for predicting scientific hypotheses and trends in studying the features of intellectual labor in physiology, hygiene, and medicine. Strategies for the development of the information (I) society, standards for I-measuring, the phenomena of I-boom, I-overload, and I-pollution, along with the appearance of I-dependent pathologies, form the relevance of the development of I-ecology and I-hygiene. It is advisable to develop sanitary rules and hygienic recommendations for the organization of IT processes.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>интеллект</kwd><kwd>интеллектуальный труд</kwd><kwd>информационное общество</kwd><kwd>информационная гигиена</kwd><kwd>физиология труда</kwd><kwd>медицина труда</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>intelligence</kwd><kwd>intellectual labor</kwd><kwd>information society</kwd><kwd>information hygiene</kwd><kwd>physiology of labor</kwd><kwd>occupational medicine</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рамаццини Б. О болезнях ремесленников рассуждение (1700 г.). М.: Медгиз; 1961.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bernardino Ramazzini. De morbis artificum diatriba. Mutinae. (1700). 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